CN105781543A - Mining overburden rock quality evaluation method based on fracture fractal dimension index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a mining overburden rock quality evaluation method based on fracture fractal dimension indexes, which comprises the following steps of 1, constructing the fracture fractal dimension indexes: drilling and coring a rock mass above a goaf, converting rock core wall occurrence information into fracture network fractal dimension, obtaining a corresponding quality index of the rock mass, obtaining a fitting linear equation, and obtaining a fracture fractal dimension index for evaluating the quality of the rock mass by using the fractal dimension according to the grading standard of a rock quality index RQD; 2. and evaluating the quality of the mining overburden rock according to the indexes: and acquiring the video information of the hole wall of each measuring hole of the mining overburden rock in real time by using a drilling imager, converting the video information into the fractal dimension of each measuring hole, and obtaining the mining overburden rock quality at different positions and different moments by matching with the indexes. The method realizes the purposes of qualitatively and quantitatively expressing the rock mass fracture distribution rule by utilizing the fractal dimension and dynamically evaluating the mining overburden rock quality, so as to guide the supporting work of different positions of a coal bed and ensure the safety of mining engineering.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mine safety, be specifically related to a kind of based on the basis that on-the-spot mining overburden crack dynamic evolution is measured, utilize the one's respective area fracture fractal dimension method to mining overburden quality evaluation.
Background technology
Crack rock is one of medium the most common in underground engineering, most important, and it directly affects the stability and security of cavern, is study the key factor that first rock mass completeness considers.
Relying on the regulatory documents such as engineering geological investigation specifications for the evaluation of rock-mass quality and judgement majority at present, these specifications, often for monofactorial, lack the overall evaluation suitability to target；And along with the continuous propelling in goaf, top covering rockmass crack is also in continuous evolution, the evolution grade in crack directly influences the stability of rock mass, current many mining engineerings destroy unstability, and all being subject to External Force Acting, extension is through relevant down mutually with crack in rock mass, so evaluating rock-mass quality by studying crack evolution, in order to the Accident prevention that takes measures in time is sent out and generated the task of top priority.
In recent years, along with fractal theory application in research engineering rock mass, the problem of many complexity is resolved, and substantial amounts of engineering experiment also indicates that crack rock has certain self-similarity.Fractal dimension can reflect rock cranny evolution grade, but for how determining crack fractal dimension index (evaluating the index of rock-mass quality), and the quality evaluating mining overburden quality of science never final conclusion.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that and be in that overcoming traditional rock mass quality classification does not consider the deficiency in crack in rock mass, cause Evaluation of Rock Mass Quality inaccurate, affect the problems such as safe working, a kind of method utilizing fractal dimension to evaluate rock-mass quality is provided, and the quality of mining overburden quality is evaluated with this index, thus instructing the support work of ore bed, it is ensured that the exploitation safety of mine.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index, comprises the following steps:
S1, structure crack fractal dimension index:
S11, carry out geological prospecting borehole coring according to position, goaf, and the core obtained is carried out dividing elements；
S12, acquisition core wall image, carry out image procossing and obtain each elementary rockmass Fracture Networks scattergram；
S13, obtain the fractal dimension D of each unit and the quality index RQD of each unit rock and store；
S14, according to step S13 obtain fractal dimension D and rock quality designation RQD, with RQD for abscissa, fractal dimension D is vertical coordinate, set up the quantitative relationship figure of rock quality designation RQD and fractal dimension D, and fitting a straight line equation: D=A-B × RQD, wherein, A is the size of correspondence fractal dimension D when RQD is zero, and B is the slope of straight line；
S15, according to above-mentioned fitting a straight line equation and in conjunction with rock quality designation RQD grade scale build crack fractal dimension index；
S2, according to above-mentioned crack fractal dimension metrics evaluation mining overburden quality:
Further, described step S2 evaluates mining overburden quality to comprise the following steps:
S21, determine the ore bed needing to carry out mining overburden quality evaluation, arrange measured hole；
S22, obtain the hole wall video information of each measured hole；
S23, above-mentioned video information is processed in real time, it is thus achieved that the hole wall of each measured hole launches binary image；
S24, analyze all of Fracture Networks fractal dimension D according to above-mentioned binary image ' and store；
S25, foundation crack fractal dimension index obtain mining overburden credit rating.
Further, described step S13 obtains fractal dimension D to comprise the following steps:
S131, the n kind different radii changed from large to small with radius circle cover described binary image, the radius of i-th kind of circle is designated as ri, the number of the circle comprising at least one crack on binary image after covering with i-th kind of circle is designated as Ni, wherein, ri=kri-1, 0<k<1, n is the species number of circle, and n>=9；
S132, to above-mentioned riAnd NiTake the logarithm respectively, with lgr be abscissa, lgN build coordinate system for vertical coordinate, it is thus achieved that lgr-lgN fitting a straight line；
S133, seek the absolute value of above-mentioned lgr-lgN fitting a straight line slope, be fractal dimension D.
Further, in described step S13, rock quality designation RQD passes through RQD (%)=∑ li/ L × 100% obtains, wherein, and liDo not destroy the length of sillar for unit core, L is by being taken unit core overall length.
Further, in step S21 when arranging measured hole, with open-off cut for starting point, arrange a measured hole along horizon mining direction every 20m～30m, evaluate rock quality more accurately.
Further, step S21 is provided with the scale that length is consistent with hole depth in each measured hole, and borehole imaging instrument is installed in each measured hole.
Further, in step S22, in seam mining process, borehole imaging instrument is used often to advance 2m-4m to carry out the hole wall video information of each measured hole of frequency collection of an image acquisition according to work surface.
Further, described measured hole is positioned in the middle part of goaf and is perpendicular to top board, and described top board refers to composes the contiguous rock stratum existed on ore bed, and all of measured hole is positioned at same perpendicular.
Further, when core is carried out dividing elements by step S11, core is divided a unit number consecutively every 2m from top to bottom.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention and having the active effect that
1. present invention firstly provides a kind of crack fractal dimension that builds and refer to calibration method, by to above goaf rock body drilled coring, core wall occurrence information is converted into Fracture Networks fractal dimension, and analyze quality index RQD (%) value of corresponding rock mass, both fitting a straight line equations, grade scale and relevant research with reference to rock quality designation RQD (%) draw the crack fractal dimension index utilizing fractal dimension evaluation rock-mass quality.The method comprehensively can reflect rock mass fracture growth feature comprehensively, not only contain the information such as the occurrence of rock cranny, form, scale, spacing, but also indirectly reflect the mechanical property of rock mass, the occurrence condition of rock mass and the multiple factor information affecting rock-mass quality.
2. the present invention is based on above-mentioned crack fractal dimension metrics evaluation mining overburden quality, utilize borehole imaging instrument that each measured hole hole wall video information of mining overburden is carried out Real-time Collection, and it is converted into the values of fractal dimension of each measured hole, by the contrast with above-mentioned crack fractal dimension index, obtain diverse location not in the same time under mining overburden quality, achieve the purpose of monitoring overlying strata state, and then instruct the support work of the diverse location in coal seam, it is ensured that the safety of mining engineering.The method achieve the expression rock cranny regularity of distribution utilizing fractal dimension qualitative and quantitative, and achieve the dynamic evaluation to mining overburden quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main body steps flow chart structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is measured hole plane of arrangement figure within the scope of crack evolution measurement in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is A-A' sectional view in Fig. 2.
Detailed description of the invention
On the basis that mining overburden crack dynamic evolution is measured based on scene by the present invention, utilize the crack fractal dimension metrics evaluation mining overburden quality that one's respective area builds, be further ensured that the safety of pit mining.Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, the present embodiment is described exploiting colliery.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index that the present embodiment proposes, comprise the following steps:
Step S1, structure crack fractal dimension index；
Step S2, according to above-mentioned crack fractal dimension metrics evaluation mining overburden quality.
Crack fractal dimension index is built for step S1, specifically includes following steps:
Step S11, geological prospecting borehole coring is carried out according to position, goaf, and the core obtained is carried out dividing elements: during enforcement, according to concrete stope position, geological exploration is carried out above stope, determine the exploration point on earth's surface, choose required certain technical specification and (include boring and coring diameter, the coring degree of depth, power etc.) core-drilling machine, hole vertically downward coring at the point position of surveying demarcated, drilling depth is until excavating layer, the original shape of rock mass should be kept during coring, core is divided a unit every 2m from top to bottom, and number consecutively, as shown in table 1:
The RQD value of table 1 core section and the statistical table of D value
| Sequence number | Hole depth/m | RQD/ (%) | D |
| 1 | 0～2 | ||
| 2 | 2～4 | ||
| 3 | 4～6 | ||
| 4 | 6～8 | ||
| …… | …… | ||
Step S12, acquisition core wall image, carry out image procossing and obtain each elementary rockmass Fracture Networks scattergram: adopt 3 Dimension Image Technique that with the form of picture, every unit core wall occurrence information is imported computer, and expand into plane graph, process through computer and obtain fracture network binary image；
Step S13, obtain the fractal dimension D of each unit and the quality index RQD of each unit rock and store: for the binary image of each unit, obtaining Fracture Networks fractal dimension D, record and be saved in table 1；Then observe the form of core, utilize RQD (%)=Σ li/ L × 100%, wherein, liDo not destroy the length of sillar for unit core, L, by being taken unit core overall length (the present embodiment preferably divides unit, i.e. a L=2m every 2m), obtains the quality index RQD of each unit rock, records and be saved in table 1；
Step S14, with each unit R QD (%) for abscissa, fractal dimension D is vertical coordinate, excel form is set up the quantitative relationship figure of rock quality designation RQD and fractal dimension D, matching generates linear equation: D=A-B × RQD, wherein, A is the size of correspondence fractal dimension D when RQD is zero, and B is the slope of straight line；
Step S15, according to above-mentioned fitting a straight line equation the grade scale in conjunction with rock quality designation RQD, referring to table 2, build crack fractal dimension index:
Table 2RQD quality grading index
| Rock mass state | Quality evaluation | RQD (%) |
| Without crack | Special good | 90～100 |
| Densification, microfissure | Good | 75～90 |
| Bulk, cranny development | Generally | 50～75 |
| Loose, pole, crack is grown | Bad | 25～50 |
| Powder, fine sand shape | Extreme difference | 0～25 |
Grade scale with reference to rock quality designation RQD, by corresponding for RQD value in table 2 boundary value, substitute into respectively in D RQD linear equation such as 90,75,50,25 etc., obtain the D value K1 of correspondence, K2, K3, K4, these 4 numerical value be recorded in table 3, just obtaining crack fractal dimension index, the rock-mass quality that in form, each index is corresponding is 5 grades fine, good, general, poor, very poor respectively:
Table 3 crack fractal dimension index
| Rock-mass quality | I is fine | II is good | III is general | IV is poor | V is very poor |
| Crack fractal dimension index D | 1.00～K1 | K1～K2 | K2～K3 | K3～K4 | K4～2.00 |
After obtaining crack fractal dimension index, it is possible to by measuring fractal dimension, its quality of mining overburden quality being evaluated, in the present embodiment, concrete evaluation procedure is as follows, with reference to Fig. 1:
Step S21, determine the coal seam needing to carry out mining overburden quality evaluation, arrange measured hole:
Position according to stope and geological conditions, determine the coal seam needing to carry out overlying strata quality evaluation, crack evolution measurement scope is with open-off cut 2 for starting point, with reference to Fig. 2, (described open-off cut is along one tunnel of driving, coal seam between transportation roadway and return airway so that it is form a set of independent air return system, air return system could arrange, after being formed, the face of adopting), extending along horizon mining direction 4, distance is coal seam buried depth height, and this scope is crack evolution measurement scope；A measured hole 1 is arranged every 20m～30m, until covering the measurement scope of delineation along horizon mining direction 4；The present embodiment preferably arranges a measured hole 1 every 20m, and as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, measured hole 1 aperture is positioned in the middle part of roof 3 and is perpendicular to top board 3, and all measured holes 1 are positioned at same perpendicular.And a length scale consistent with hole depth is set in each measured hole 1, and a bench drill borescopic imaging instrument is installed in each measured hole 1, the aperture of measured hole 1 is chosen according to the diameter of borehole imaging instrument, the hole depth of measured hole 1 is chosen according to coal seam buried depth, it is about the half of coal seam buried depth, as in figure 2 it is shown, the aperture of measured hole 1 and hole depth foundation are actually needed and are designed.
Step S22, obtain the hole wall video information of each measured hole:
In seam mining process, use described borehole imaging instrument often to advance the hole wall video information of 2m～4m each measured hole of the frequency collection once gathered, the preferred 2m of the present embodiment according to work surface, the video information collected is real-time transmitted to computer etc. pending.
Step S23, above-mentioned video information is processed in real time, the hole wall obtaining each each measured hole launches binary image, the same with the binaryzation of image described in step S12, it is exactly that the gray value of the pixel on image is set to 0 or 255, namely whole image is presented significantly only black and white visual effect, namely the pixel in crack is completely converted into black, and the pixel at non-crack place is completely converted into white, it is simple to effect analysis；
Step S24, analyze all of Fracture Networks fractal dimension D according to above-mentioned binary image ' and store: identical with the Method And Principle obtaining fractal dimension D in step S13 in this step:
The circle of the n kind different radii first binary image radius changed from large to small covers, (n value does not have concrete scope in described n >=9, can be infinitely great, but can not be too small, here we be given a minima 9), using the one end in crack as starting point, then the circle that a radius is r is done with this for the center of circle, the point that this circle is intersected at first with crack regards starting point again as, is repeatedly performed same operation later, until fracture network is covered by all of circle；
Then binary image comprises after the circle covering of statistics different radii the total quantity of the various circles at least one crack.The radius of the first circle is designated as r1, the number of the circle comprising at least one crack on binary image after covering with the first circle is designated as N1, the radius of the second circle is designated as r2, r2=kr1, 0 < k < 1, the number of the circle comprising at least one crack on binary image after covering with the second circle is designated as N2, by that analogy, the radius of i-th kind of circle is designated as ri, ri=kri-1, the number of the circle comprising at least one crack on binary image after covering with i-th kind of circle is designated as Ni；
Last with lgr be abscissa, lgN set up plane right-angle coordinate for vertical coordinate, and to riAnd NiTaking the logarithm respectively, described point carry out linear fit according to retouched each point and obtain a straight line in lgr-lgN rectangular coordinate system, the absolute value of this straight slope is the fractal dimension D of described Fracture Networks.
Step S25, obtain mining overburden credit rating according to crack fractal dimension index: the Fracture Networks values of fractal dimension D ' every time obtained by each measured hole compares with crack fractal dimension index (table 3) respectively, obtains each measured hole in not mining overburden quality in the same time.
Mining overburden quality is determined more intuitively by values of fractal dimension, qualitative and the quantitative expression rock cranny regularity of distribution, and achieve the dynamic evaluation to mining overburden quality, achieve the purpose of monitoring overlying strata state, and then instruct the support work of the diverse location in coal seam, it is ensured that the safety of mining engineering.
The above; it it is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention; execution sequence is not limited; also it is not the restriction that the present invention is made other form; the Equivalent embodiments that any those skilled in the art were changed or be modified as equivalent variations possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above is applied to other field; but it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content; according to any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling that above example is made by the technical spirit of the present invention, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1, structure crack fractal dimension index:
S11, carry out geological prospecting borehole coring according to position, goaf, and the core obtained is carried out dividing elements；
S12, obtain core wall image, and carry out image procossing and obtain the binary image of unit rock mass；
S13, based on above-mentioned binary image, obtain the fractal dimension D of unit and unit rock quality designation RQD and store；
S14, according to step S13 obtain fractal dimension D and rock quality designation RQD, with RQD for abscissa, fractal dimension D is vertical coordinate, sets up the quantitative relationship figure of rock quality designation RQD and fractal dimension D fitting a straight line equation；
S15, in conjunction with above-mentioned fitting a straight line equation build crack fractal dimension index；
S2, according to above-mentioned crack fractal dimension metrics evaluation mining overburden quality.
2. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 1, it is characterised in that evaluate mining overburden quality in described step S2 and comprise the following steps:
S21, determine the ore bed needing to carry out mining overburden quality evaluation, arrange measured hole；
S22, obtain the hole wall video information of each measured hole；
S23, above-mentioned video information is processed, it is thus achieved that the hole wall of each measured hole launches binary image；
S24, analyze Fracture Networks fractal dimension D according to above-mentioned binary image ' and store；
S25, foundation crack fractal dimension index obtain mining overburden credit rating.
3. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 1, it is characterised in that obtain fractal dimension D in described step S13 and comprise the following steps:
S131, the n kind different radii changed from large to small with radius circle cover described binary image, the radius of i-th kind of circle is designated as ri, the number of the circle comprising at least one crack on binary image after covering with i-th kind of circle is designated as Ni, wherein, ri=kri-1, 0<k<1, n is the species number of circle, and n>=9；
S132, to above-mentioned riAnd NiTake the logarithm respectively, with lgr be abscissa, lgN build coordinate system for vertical coordinate, it is thus achieved that lgr-lgN fitting a straight line；
S133, seek the absolute value of above-mentioned lgr-lgN fitting a straight line slope, be fractal dimension D.
4. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in described step S13, rock quality designation RQD passes through RQD (%)=Σ li/ L × 100% obtains, wherein, and liDo not destroy the length of sillar for unit core, L is by being taken unit core overall length.
5. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step S21 when arranging measured hole, with open-off cut for starting point, arranges a measured hole along horizon mining direction every 20m～30m.
6. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 5, it is characterised in that be provided with the scale that length is consistent with hole depth in step S21 in each measured hole, and be provided with borehole imaging instrument in each measured hole.
7. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in step S22, when obtaining each measured hole video information, the 2m-4m frequency carrying out an image acquisition is often advanced to be acquired according to work surface by borehole imaging instrument.
8. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described measured hole is positioned in the middle part of bed top and is perpendicular to top board, described top board refers to composes the contiguous rock stratum existed on ore bed, and all of measured hole is positioned at same perpendicular.
9. a kind of mining overburden quality evaluating method based on crack fractal dimension index according to claim 4, it is characterised in that when core being carried out dividing elements in step S11, divides a unit number consecutively storage every 2m from top to bottom by core.
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