CN105776506A - Fe/C composite porous structure material as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fe/C composite porous structure material as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105776506A CN105776506A CN201610326851.4A CN201610326851A CN105776506A CN 105776506 A CN105776506 A CN 105776506A CN 201610326851 A CN201610326851 A CN 201610326851A CN 105776506 A CN105776506 A CN 105776506A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Fe/C composite porous structure material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The Fe/C composite porous structure material is characterized by being prepared from low-grade sedimentary iron ore and biomass as raw materials in manners of crushing, mixing, extrusion molding and pyrolysis and reduction reaction in the presence of hydrogen atmosphere at 650-900 DEG C, wherein the main phase composition comprises biomass carbon and zero-valent iron. The Fe/C composite porous structure material disclosed by the invention is high in opening porosity, magnetic susceptibility, adsorbability and biological chemical activity, can be used for treating eutrophicated river water, living sewage and landscape water bodies, or can be used for mediation of underground water pollution and polluted soil.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to iron ore of low ore grade and biomass recycling use, belong to mineral processing, biomass economy and Environmental Engineering Material field.
Two, background technology
China's iron ore deposit enriches, but distinct issues are lean ores, and many rich ores are few.Cause steel industry ore heavy dependence import on the one hand, cause that flood tide low-grade iron ore resource cannot utilize on the other hand.This kind of iron ore of low ore grade includes oolitic hematite sections Ore, siderite sections Ore, limonite type iron ore, the tens billion of ton of China's prospective reserves.Although different types of iron ore of low ore grade composition has very big difference, but common feature is: gangue mineral content is high, kind is many, composition is complicated, granule is tiny, mainly includes illite, illite/smectite mixed layer mineral, quartz, collophane, calcite, dolomite, calcedony, chamosite etc.;Iron-bearing mineral granule is tiny, nonmagnetic;Iron-bearing mineral is tight with the embedding life of gangue mineral, and the most of particle size of mineral grain therein all at micron even nanoscale, causes ore dressing processing difficulties, and such iron mine does not obtain Appropriate application so far.How making good use of such mineral resources is the problem in the urgent need to researching and solving.
China produces about 1,000,000,000 tons of various straw every year, agriculture and forestry product and also produce the residual processing thing that number is in hundred million tons with the industrial undertaking that biomass are raw material.Along with rural economic development and living standard improve, cause that straw is excessive in China.Every harvest season, crop straw burning causes serious atmospheric pollution, there is also serious disaster hidden-trouble and aviation flight safety problem simultaneously.The agricultural product castoffs such as straw are carried out recycling and has become as the task of top priority of governmental environmental comprehensive control in all parts of the country.Biomass energyization utilizes following several approach;Pyrolytic gasification, pyrolysis liquefaction, directly burning, molding burning, molding carbonization etc..Pyrolytic gasification currently encounters a difficult problem for the coal-tar middle oil purification of pyrolysis gas;The liquid fuel calorific value that pyrolysis liquefaction existence prepares is low, the problem of complicated component;Directly burn the problem that there is boiler carbon distribution.Current molding burning and molding carbonization receive significant attention.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding the weak point existing for above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of Fe/C compound porous structure material and its preparation method and application, it is intended to simultaneously solve the recycling problem of low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore Ore and biomass.
This invention address that technical problem, adopt the following technical scheme that
The preparation method that first present invention discloses Fe/C compound porous structure material, it comprises the steps:
(1) by the grade of ferrum 30~55% low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore ore reduction, screening, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is not more than the Sedimentary Iron Ore powder body of 0.1mm;Biomass are broken into the biomass powder that particle diameter is not more than 5mm;
(2) by Sedimentary Iron Ore powder body and biomass powder according to mass ratio 1:2~15 mix homogeneously, it is thus achieved that compound;
(3) with forming machine, described compound is shaped to the rod-shpaed particle thing of diameter 4~12mm;
(4) by described rod-shpaed particle thing in a hydrogen atmosphere in 650~900 DEG C of pyrolysis and reduction roasting 15~60min, then naturally cool to room temperature under oxygen-free atmosphere, namely obtain the Fe/C compound porous structure material being dominant phase with biomass carbon and Zero-valent Iron.
Wherein: described biomass are: agricultural crop straw, timber processing waste sawdust, wood shavings, the deadwood leaves of garden and greening finishing, or the solid residue that processing of farm products produces.Described low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore is at least one in oolitic hematite, limonite and siderite.
The present invention further discloses the application of above-mentioned preparation method gained Fe/C compound porous structure material, including: for processing the river of eutrophication, or it is used for processing sanitary sewage, or for processing the landscape water body of eutrophication, or for underground water pollution reparation, or the reparation for contaminated soil.
Wherein:
The method that 1, Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for processing the river of eutrophication is:
Being filled into by Fe/C compound porous structure material before the drop dam in stream in deep water pool, composite is flow through in river infiltration, removes the nitrogen of river, phosphorus, COD under biological and chemical effect;
Or Fe/C compound porous structure mixture in permeable net cage, net cage stacking constitutes infiltration dam, and river flows through infiltration dam, removes the nitrogen of river, phosphorus, COD under the biological and chemical effect of load.
The method that 2, Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for processing sanitary sewage is:
Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in filter tank, by the sanitary sewage osmotic flow filtering ponds after secondary biochemical treatment, under institute's loading microorganisms and chemical action, removes the nitrogen in water, phosphorus, COD;
Or: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in BAF, sanitary sewage is removed float through precipitation, then with in transport pump to BAF, bottom aeration, gas-water ratio 1:1~2, remove the COD in water, nitrogen, phosphorus under institute's loading microorganisms effect.
Or: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in biofilter;Sanitary sewage through precipitation, filter and remove suspended substances, then with in transport pump to biofilter;Adopting sequencing batch operation, continuum micromeehanics 0.5-2h, emptied of water, ventilation 0.5-2h regenerates, and removes the COD in water, nitrogen, phosphorus under institute's loading microorganisms effect;After Fe/C compound porous structure material dephosphorization was lost efficacy, take out from filter tank and change new material;Garbage richness Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing and organic matter can be used for Flower nutrient soil or improvement soil.
The method that 3, Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for processing the landscape water body of eutrophication is: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in filter tank, make water penetration flow through filter tank the water transport pump of landscape water body, under institute's loading microorganisms and chemical action, remove the nitrogen in water, phosphorus, COD.
The method that 4, Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for underground water pollution reparation is: excavate groove in the contaminated water-bearing layer of vertical direction of groundwater flow, and Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in the groove of excavation and forms infiltration wall, water flows through infiltration wall, the adsorbed also biodegradation of Organic substance in water converts, nitrate, ite are by micro-reduction denitrogenation, and heavy metal ion is adsorbed fixing.
5, the method for the reparation that Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for contaminated soil is: Fe/C compound porous structure material is directly applied to soil, or it is applied to soil after pulverizing, under the synergism of charcoal and Zero-valent Iron, accelerate the conversion of persistent organic pollutants, the fixing heavy metal ion of absorption, reduces the content of noxious pollutant in crop products.
The Fe/C compound porous structure material that the present invention is prepared with low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore Ore and biomass, its prominent effect is embodied in the following aspects:
1, low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore Ore and biomass powder mixture extrusion molding, just under oxygen-free atmosphere, 650~900 DEG C of calcinings the composite with certain granules intensity can be obtained without adding binding agent, biomass have cementation in the stock of extrusion molding, make molding stock have higher granule strength;In a hydrogen atmosphere in 650~900 DEG C of pyrolysis and reduction reaction process, in Sedimentary Iron Ore stone, the clay mineral etc. as impurity composition reacts with the potassium Sodium chemistry in biomass, has the effect strengthening sintering, improving granule strength.
2, the pyrolytic gasification of biomass in a hydrogen atmosphere, can improve porosity and the specific surface area of material, it is thus achieved that the material of loose structure on the one hand, on the other hand pyrolysis reduction gas H2, CO, volatile organic matter react with ferrum in Sedimentary Iron Ore stone and be changed into Zero-valent Iron.Biomass are the porogen of material, are again the reducing agents of ferrum, or form the presoma of charcoal.
3, select Sedimentary Iron Ore stone, both make use of low-grade iron ore resource, and make use of again the mineralogical characteristic of Sedimentary Iron Ore stone resource.Research finds, the essential mineral bloodstone in oolitic hematite Ore belongs to nano-sheet crystal, and the essential mineral goethitum in limonite belongs to nano whiskers crystal, and the essential mineral siderite thermal decomposition in siderite Ore is changed into the material with nano-pore structure.Compared to non-nano crystal, having higher reduction reaction activity, reduzate Zero-valent Iron also has relatively low degree of crystallinity and higher reactivity.
4, the chemical oxygen in low-grade iron ore not only has the effect strengthening biomass pyrogenation gasification, also has the effect of the catalysis biomass coal-tar middle oil cracking of pyrolytic gasification process, it is possible to eliminate the tar in pyrolysis gas.
5, low-grade iron ore powder body and biomass powder mixture pyrolytic reaction under extrusion molding, oxygen-free atmosphere, the tight compound of charcoal that the Zero-valent Iron that not only iron mineral reduction is formed is formed with biological carbonization, and material has specific particle diameter, open macropore space, pore volume is big, magnetic is strong, specific surface area is high, adsorptivity and chemical reactivity good.
6, Fe/C compound porous structure material had both had efficient absorption dephosphorization function, also had the effect of all kinds of organic pollutions in absorption water.High open porosity can make again all kinds of microorganism in its particle exterior surface and internal attachment, is have bioactive excellent microbial carrier material.Microorganism is in Fe/C compound porous structure outer surface and is internally formed divided redox zone, has the effect of oxidation ammonia nitrogen and denitrification denitrogenation simultaneously.Under the effect of Zero-valent Iron and loading microorganisms, Fe/C compound porous structure material also has absorption and converts the effect of poisonous and harmful organic pollutants, as converted degraded haloarene compounds, nitrobenzene compounds.To all kinds of heavy metal ion, such as U, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As etc., there is good fixation.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the x-ray diffractogram of powder spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the x-ray diffractogram of powder spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material prepared by embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the x-ray diffractogram of powder spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 6 is the Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by embodiment 3.
Five, detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment prepares Fe/C compound porous structure material first as follows:
(1) select the limonite ore sample of Iron grade 48.9%, crushed, cross 0.1mm sieve, it is thus achieved that limonite powder body;Rape stalk is crushed, crosses 1mm sieve, it is thus achieved that fibrous straw powder;
(2) weigh limonite powder body and fibrous straw powder according to mass ratio 1:3 and mix is uniform, it is thus achieved that compound;
(3) above-mentioned compound being added in screw extrusion molding machine hopper, extrusion molding is the rod-shpaed particle thing of diameter 5mm;
(4) by the rod-shpaed particle thing of molding in tube furnace under hydrogen atmosphere in 750 DEG C of roasting 25min, then under oxygen-free atmosphere, naturally cool to room temperature, namely obtain the Fe/C compound porous structure material being dominant phase with biomass carbon and Zero-valent Iron.
Fig. 1 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material powder prepared by the present embodiment, it was shown that the impurity quartz in primary sample remains unchanged, and iron oxides is fe by biomass reduction.In product, fe content is 57%, and the content of charcoal is 16%.Fig. 2 is Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by the present embodiment, it can be seen that the pore property of biomass carbonated formation.
The Fe/C compound porous structure material granule thing of above-mentioned preparation is loaded in the filter post of diameter 100mm, height 1500mm, and filling height 1000mm, as water treatment filter pond;
Using certain river prepare containing phosphorus concentration be 1mg/L simulation water as experimental water, flow through filtrate with hydraulic detention time 1h, process water outlet phosphorus concentration running and be consistently less than 0.1mg/L 6 middle of the month.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment prepares Fe/C compound porous structure material first as follows:
(1) by the siderite ore reduction of Iron grade 40.31%, 0.1mm sieve is crossed, it is thus achieved that siderite powder body;Rape stalk is crushed, crosses 1mm sieve, it is thus achieved that fibrous straw powder;
(2) weigh deposition siderite powder body and fibrous straw powder according to mass ratio 1:5 and mix is uniform, it is thus achieved that compound;
(3) above-mentioned compound being added in screw extrusion molding machine hopper, extrusion molding is the rod-shpaed particle thing of diameter 5mm;
(4) by the rod-shpaed particle thing of molding in tube furnace under hydrogen atmosphere in 750 DEG C of roasting 30min, then under oxygen-free atmosphere, naturally cool to room temperature, namely obtain the Fe/C compound porous structure material being dominant phase with biomass carbon and Zero-valent Iron.
Fig. 3 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material powder prepared by the present embodiment, it was shown that the impurity quartz in primary sample remains unchanged, and siderite is fe by biomass reduction.In product, fe content is 41.2%, and the content of charcoal is 25.4%.Fig. 4 is Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by the present embodiment, it can be seen that siderite is deformed into the shape characteristic of Nanoscale Iron mutually.
The Fe/C compound porous structure material granule thing of above-mentioned preparation is loaded in the filter post of diameter 100mm, height 1500mm, and filling height 1000mm, as water treatment filter pond;
Using certain landscape water body prepare containing phosphorus concentration be 1mg/L simulation water as experimental water, flow through filtrate with hydraulic detention time 1h, process water outlet phosphorus concentration in 8 months be consistently less than 0.1mg/L running.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment prepares Fe/C compound porous structure material first as follows:
(1) by the oolitic hematite ore reduction of Iron grade 52.4%, 0.1mm sieve is crossed, it is thus achieved that oolitic hematite powder body;Rape stalk is crushed, crosses 1mm sieve, it is thus achieved that fibrous straw powder;
(2) weigh oolitic hematite powder body and fibrous straw powder according to mass ratio 1:4 and mix is uniform, it is thus achieved that compound;
(3) above-mentioned compound being added in screw extrusion molding machine hopper, extrusion molding is the rod-shpaed particle thing of diameter 5mm;
(4) by the rod-shpaed particle thing of molding in tube furnace under hydrogen atmosphere in 750 DEG C of roasting 30min, then under oxygen-free atmosphere, naturally cool to room temperature, namely obtain the Fe/C compound porous structure material being dominant phase with biomass carbon and Zero-valent Iron.
Fig. 5 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the Fe/C compound porous structure material powder prepared by the present embodiment, and in display product, dominant is fe mutually, it was shown that in primary sample, iron oxides is fe by biomass reduction.After tested, in product, fe content is 44.3%, and the content of charcoal is 24.7%.Fig. 6 is Fe/C compound porous structure material SEM image prepared by the present embodiment, it can be seen that the pore property of biomass carbonated formation.
The Fe/C compound porous structure material granule thing of above-mentioned preparation is loaded in the filter post of diameter 100mm, height 1500mm, and filling height 1000mm, as water treatment filter pond;Using the preparation of certain sewage treatment plants secondary effluent containing phosphorus concentration be 1mg/L simulation water as experimental water, flow through filtrate with hydraulic detention time 1h, process water outlet phosphorus concentration running and be consistently less than 0.1mg/L 6 middle of the month.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of a Fe/C compound porous structure material, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) by the grade of ferrum 30~55% low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore ore reduction, screening, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is not more than the Sedimentary Iron Ore powder body of 0.1mm;Biomass are broken into the biomass powder that particle diameter is not more than 5mm;
(2) by Sedimentary Iron Ore powder body and biomass powder according to mass ratio 1:2~15 mix homogeneously, it is thus achieved that compound;
(3) with forming machine, described compound is shaped to the rod-shpaed particle thing of diameter 4~12mm;
(4) by described rod-shpaed particle thing under hydrogen atmosphere in 650~900 DEG C of pyrolysis and reduction roasting 15~60min, under oxygen-free atmosphere, naturally cool to room temperature again, namely obtain the Fe/C compound porous structure material being dominant phase with biomass carbon and Zero-valent Iron.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described biomass are: agricultural crop straw, timber processing waste sawdust, wood shavings, the deadwood leaves of garden and greening finishing, or the solid residue that processing of farm products produces.
Described low-grade Sedimentary Iron Ore is at least one in oolitic hematite, limonite and siderite.
3. Fe/C compound porous structure material prepared by preparation method described in a claim 1 or 2.
4. the application of Fe/C compound porous structure material described in a claim 3, it is characterized in that: for processing the river of eutrophication, or be used for processing sanitary sewage, or for processing the landscape water body of eutrophication, or for underground water pollution reparation, or the reparation for contaminated soil.
5. application according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: by the method that Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for processing the river of eutrophication be:
Being filled into by Fe/C compound porous structure material before the drop dam in stream in deep water pool, composite is flow through in river infiltration, removes the nitrogen of river, phosphorus, COD under biological and chemical effect;
Or Fe/C compound porous structure mixture in permeable net cage, net cage stacking constitutes infiltration dam, and river flows through infiltration dam, removes the nitrogen of river, phosphorus, COD under the biological and chemical effect of load.
6. application according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: by the method that Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for processing sanitary sewage be:
Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in filter tank, by the sanitary sewage osmotic flow filtering ponds after secondary biochemical treatment, under institute's loading microorganisms and chemical action, removes the nitrogen in water, phosphorus, COD;
Or: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in BAF, sanitary sewage is removed float through precipitation, then with in transport pump to BAF, bottom aeration, gas-water ratio 1:1~2, remove the COD in water, nitrogen, phosphorus under institute's loading microorganisms effect.
Or: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in biofilter;Sanitary sewage through precipitation, filter and remove suspended substances, then with in transport pump to biofilter;Adopting sequencing batch operation, continuum micromeehanics 0.5-2h, emptied of water, ventilation 0.5-2h regenerates, and removes the COD in water, nitrogen, phosphorus under institute's loading microorganisms effect;After Fe/C compound porous structure material dephosphorization was lost efficacy, take out from filter tank and change new material;Garbage richness Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing and organic matter can be used for Flower nutrient soil or improvement soil.
7. application according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the method for the landscape water body being used for processing eutrophication by Fe/C compound porous structure material is: Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in filter tank, make water penetration flow through filter tank the water transport pump of landscape water body, under institute's loading microorganisms and chemical action, remove the nitrogen in water, phosphorus, COD.
8. application according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: by the method that Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for underground water pollution reparation be: in the contaminated water-bearing layer of vertical direction of groundwater flow, excavate groove, and Fe/C compound porous structure material is filled in the groove of excavation and forms infiltration wall, water flows through infiltration wall, the adsorbed also biodegradation of Organic substance in water converts, nitrate, ite are by micro-reduction denitrogenation, and heavy metal ion is adsorbed fixing.
9. application according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the method for the reparation that Fe/C compound porous structure material is used for contaminated soil is: Fe/C compound porous structure material is directly applied to soil, or it is applied to soil after pulverizing, under the synergism of charcoal and Zero-valent Iron, accelerate the conversion of persistent organic pollutants, the fixing heavy metal ion of absorption, reduces the content of noxious pollutant in crop products.
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CN115138336A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-04 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of red mud-peanut shell-based composite material for acidic phosphorus-containing sewage treatment |
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