CN105771990B - A kind of ferric oxide catalyst and its preparation and application - Google Patents
A kind of ferric oxide catalyst and its preparation and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105771990B CN105771990B CN201510953721.9A CN201510953721A CN105771990B CN 105771990 B CN105771990 B CN 105771990B CN 201510953721 A CN201510953721 A CN 201510953721A CN 105771990 B CN105771990 B CN 105771990B
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Abstract
The application in propionic acid technique is prepared the invention discloses a kind of ferric oxide catalyst and preparation method thereof and in lactic acid deoxidation.With resolvability+trivalent molysite such as ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate etc. for source of iron, ammonium hydroxide or organic amine are precipitating reagent, synthesize iron hydroxide, obtain ferric oxide catalysts through 100 DEG C~120 DEG C dryings, 500 DEG C~650 DEG C calcined dehydrations after.Using lactic acid obtained by biomass ferment as raw material, reaction temperature is 320~420 DEG C, synthesis under normal pressure condition, and carrier gas carrying raw material is propionic acid synthesized through high-temperature gas-solid catalytic way, and used catalyst is iron oxide.Ferric oxide catalyst preparation is simple, environmentally protective, low in cost, catalytic activity is high, and stability is good, and the high conversion rate of propionic acid selectivity and lactic acid, and catalyst activity is i.e. renewable by the calcining of simple high temperature air atmosphere after reducing, and has very high commercial development to be worth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of energy and chemical technologys, and in particular to a kind of ferric oxide catalyst and its preparation and application.
Background technique
Propionic acid, the colorless and transparent liquid with penetrating odor, is dissolved in water.Propionic acid is the important intermediate of Chemical Manufacture, and
It is widely used in the production of pesticide, food, plastics etc..Propionic acid, which can react, generates salt, ester, acyl chlorides, amide, acid anhydrides etc.,
Chlorination reaction, aldolisation and carboxyl reduction reaction can also occur.
The preparation method of propionic acid mainly has following three kinds of methods:
(1) the hydrocarboxylation reaction of ethylene
(2) oxidation reaction of propionic aldehyde
(3) deoxygenation (Green Chemistry, the U.S., 2013,15,982) of lactic acid
Three kinds of front propionic acid preparation process compares it is found that the first 2 kinds petroleum base routes for being, the third is typical biology base
Route.Develop chemical industry by raw material of biomass, is a sustainable development process route.In biomass material, cream
Acid is particularly important.Its reason is in molecule containing 2 active functional groups: hydroxyl and carboxyl；Different chemistry can be converted into
Product.Therefore, in academia and industry usually lactic acid as a biological plateform molecules.For example, lactic acid can be made by dehydration
Standby acrylic acid, condensation reaction preparation 2,3- pentanedione, decarbonylation prepare acetaldehyde, hydrogenation deoxidation reaction can prepare propionic acid, polymerization reaction
Prepare polylactic acid (bio-medical material) etc..So far, seldom with the propionic acid synthesized report of lactic acid, often appeared in as by-product
In the document delivered.Nearest Green Chemistry (Green Chemistry, the U.S., 2013,15,982) reports the catalysis of an example catalyst with base of molybdenum
Lactic acid deoxygenation prepares propionic acid, but stability is poor at high temperature for the heteropolyacid salt containing molybdenum.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes improvement in view of the above problems, i.e., the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ferric oxide catalysts
And its preparation and application, this method for preparing catalyst is simple, and it is environmentally protective, there is good propionic acid selectivity to urge with superpower
Change stability, prepares catalytic activity with higher in propionic acid technique in catalysis lactic acid deoxidation.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention proposes such a ferric oxide catalyst preparation methods, including with
Lower step: firstly, weighing a certain amount of soluble ferric iron salt, being completely dissolved in 100ml deionized water, and alkaline precipitating agent is added,
Adjusting pH value is 8-9, continues to stir 1h, subsequent precipitation 2h at room temperature；Then it filters, deionized water is washed 3-5 times, and air blast is placed in
100 DEG C~120 DEG C of drying box drying；Then under air atmosphere, temperature programming to 500 DEG C~650 DEG C calcining 6h, gained iron oxide
Tabletting granulation is carried out, takes 20-40 mesh as catalyst.
Further, the soluble ferric iron salt is one of ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate or iron chloride.
Preferably, a certain amount of soluble ferric iron salt is 8.08g Fe(NO3)39H2O.
Further, the alkaline precipitating agent is one of ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine, triethylamine or butylamine.
Preferably, the alkaline precipitating agent is the ammonium hydroxide of mass fraction 25-28%.
The present invention also provides a kind of ferric oxide catalyst, which is made by the above method.
The present invention also provides the ferric oxide catalysts to prepare the application in propionic acid technique in lactic acid deoxidation: by 0.4~
0.5g, the ferric oxide catalyst of 20~40 mesh are added in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, and catalyst both ends are blocked with silica wool, with
Carrier gas carries lactic acid aqueous solution by the silica wool of catalyst upper end and in silica wool surface vaporization, and subsequent phase feed passes through institute
Catalyst surface is stated, reaction temperature is 320~420 DEG C, and lactic acid concn is 10~40wt%, and charging rate is 1~15mL/h, is carried
The flow velocity of gas is 1~10mL/min.
Using the ferric oxide catalyst that Fe(NO3)39H2O is prepared as source of iron, under the conditions of 390 DEG C, the conversion ratio of lactic acid
96.7%, the selectivity of propionic acid is greater than 46.7%.Catalyst continuous operation 100h (10ml/h charging rate), the selection of catalyst
Property it is almost unchanged, the conversion ratio of lactic acid only has reduction by a small margin.In addition, this iron oxide have to the variation of reaction environment it is very strong
Adaptability, when being able to bear the acute variation flow rate of carrier gas, lactic acid concn, charging rate of reaction condition and changing, lactic acid
Slight fluctuation only occurs for the selectivity of conversion ratio and propionic acid.
Further, the carrier gas is nitrogen or hydrogen.
Further, the reactor is quartz reactor.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The method of the invention prepares ferric oxide catalyst, and preparation method is simple, environmentally protective, low in cost, has good
Good propionic acid selectivity and superpower catalytic stability (10mL/h sample introduction stability reaches 100 hours), in catalysis lactic acid deoxidation
Catalytic activity with higher in propionic acid technique, and the high conversion rate of propionic acid selectivity and lactic acid are prepared, there is very high quotient
Industry Development volue.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention prepares catalyst pore structure figure by source of iron of ferric nitrate；
Fig. 2 is the influence diagram that reaction temperature of the present invention is catalyzed lactic acid deoxygenation to ferric oxide catalyst；
Fig. 3 is that ferric oxide catalyst of the present invention is catalyzed lactic acid deoxidation stability data curve graph；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention reactivates ferric oxide catalyst catalysis lactic acid deoxidation stability data curve graph.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For ferric oxide catalyst using soluble molysite as source of iron, ammonium hydroxide or organic amine are precipitating reagent, are obtained by the precipitation method
Precipitating, then that precipitating is dry, roasting are dehydrated and are made.The ferric oxide catalyst prepared is used for lactic acid deoxidation and prepares propionic aldehyde
During, evaluate influence of the preparation method to catalyst performance of catalyst.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is that the present invention prepares catalyst pore structure figure by source of iron of ferric nitrate, and specific experiment step is to weigh first
8.08g Fe(NO3)39H2O is completely dissolved in 100ml deionized water.Using mass fraction 25-28% ammonium hydroxide as precipitating reagent,
Adjusting pH value is about 8-9, continues to stir 1h at room temperature, stops stirring precipitation 2h, filters, and deionized water is washed 3-5 times, and drum is placed in
120 DEG C of wind drying box drying.Under air atmosphere, temperature programming to 500 DEG C of calcining 6h.Gained iron oxide carries out tabletting granulation, takes 20-
40 mesh are spare as catalyst.A root long 400mm is selected, internal diameter is the quartz ampoule of 3mm, and the above-mentioned preparing catalyst of 0.44g is filled
It fills in quartz ampoule, catalyst length in pipe is 30mm, and the both ends of catalyst are blocked with silica wool, and the length of the silica wool is
30mm.Carry lactic acid aqueous solution by the above-mentioned quartz ampoule for installing catalyst with nitrogen, 5 DEG C/min temperature programming to 390 DEG C,
Lactic acid concn is 20wt%, and it is 1ml/h into lactic acid aqueous solution speed that the flow velocity of nitrogen, which is 1mL/min,.The conversion ratio of lactic acid is
96.7%, the selectivity of propionic acid is 46.7%.
Embodiment two
8.00g ferric sulfate (no crystal water) is weighed first, is completely dissolved in 100ml deionized water.With mass fraction 25-
For 28% ammonium hydroxide as precipitating reagent, adjusting pH value is about 8-9, continues to stir 1h at room temperature, stops stirring precipitation 2h, filters, go from
Sub- water washing 3-5 times is placed in 120 DEG C of air dry oven drying.Under air atmosphere, temperature programming to 500 DEG C of calcining 6h.Gained oxidation
Iron carries out tabletting granulation, takes 20-40 mesh spare as catalyst.A root long 400mm is selected, internal diameter is the quartz ampoule of 3mm, will
The above-mentioned preparing catalyst of 0.44g is loaded in quartz ampoule, and catalyst length in pipe is 30mm, and silica wool is used at the both ends of catalyst
Sealing end, the length of the silica wool are 30mm.It carries lactic acid aqueous solution with nitrogen to pass through in the above-mentioned quartz ampoule for installing catalyst, 5
DEG C/min temperature programming to 390 DEG C, lactic acid concn 20wt%, the flow velocity of nitrogen is 1mL/min, is into lactic acid aqueous solution speed
1mL/h.The conversion ratio of lactic acid is 97.2%, and the selectivity of propionic acid is 42.5%.
Embodiment one and embodiment two illustrate that the iron oxide that different sources of iron are prepared has similar catalytic effect.
Embodiment three
8.00g ferric sulfate (no crystal water) is weighed first, is completely dissolved in 100ml deionized water.Using ethylenediamine as
Precipitating reagent, adjusting pH value is about 8-9, continues to stir 1h at room temperature, stops stirring precipitation 2h, filters, deionized water washs 3-5
It is secondary, it is placed in 120 DEG C of air dry oven drying.Under air atmosphere, iron oxide obtained by temperature programming to 500 DEG C of calcining 6h. carries out tabletting
It is granulated, takes 20-40 mesh spare as catalyst.A root long 400mm is selected, internal diameter is the quartz ampoule of 3mm, and 0.13g is above-mentioned standby
With Catalyst packing in quartz ampoule, catalyst length in pipe is 30mm, and the both ends of catalyst are blocked with silica wool, the quartz
The length of cotton is 30mm.It carries lactic acid aqueous solution with nitrogen to pass through in the above-mentioned quartz ampoule for installing catalyst, 5 DEG C/min program liter
For temperature to 390 DEG C, lactic acid concn 20wt%, the flow velocity of nitrogen is 1mL/min, is 1mL/h into lactic acid aqueous solution speed.Lactic acid
Conversion ratio is 97.5%, and the selectivity of propionic acid is 43.0%.
Three comparative illustration precipitating reagent either ammonium hydroxide or ethylenediamine of embodiment two and embodiment etc. can be effectively settled out
Iron hydroxide, obtains ferric oxide catalyst through calcining after, and catalytic performance ethylenediamine is higher than ammonium hydroxide.
Example IV
0.44g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 360 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 1ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 90.7%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 28.1%.
Embodiment five
0.44g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 370 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 1ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 90.8%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 33.0%.
Embodiment six
0.44g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 380 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 1ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 92.2%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 43.8%.
Embodiment seven
0.44g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 5mL/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 1ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 95.7%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 44.7%.
Embodiment eight
0.44g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 400 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 1ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 98.4%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 19.5%.
Example IV~embodiment eight and Fig. 2 illustrate that reaction is very sensitive to temperature.
Embodiment nine
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 0.5ml/h is passed through 20%
Lactic acid aqueous solution collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 98.4%, the choosing of propionic acid
Selecting property is 23.4%.
Embodiment ten
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 3ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 91.6%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 40.5%.
Embodiment 11
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 5ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 92.4%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 38.6%.
Embodiment 12
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 8ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 95.2%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 43.5%.
Embodiment 13
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 10ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 90.5%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 44.0%.
Embodiment 14
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 15ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, and the conversion ratio of lactic acid is 89.4%, the selection of propionic acid
Property is 37.3%.
Nine~embodiment of embodiment 14 illustrates that the charging rate of material acid influences less, which has liquid air speed
There is very wide in range adaptability.
Embodiment 15
0.43g partial size is weighed in the iron oxide of 20~40 mesh, is placed in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, is fixed with silica wool
Catalyst iron oxide, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst are placed in heating furnace, are opened nitrogen and are passed through with 1ml/min, are beaten
Heating device is opened, so that temperature is reached 390 DEG C in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming, steady temperature, 10ml/h is passed through 20% cream
Aqueous acid collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, analyzes product, the conversion ratio of lactic acid is by initial 96.7% to 100h
It is afterwards about 74.6%, the selectivity of propionic acid is by after initial 46.7% to 100h about 33.3%.
Embodiment 15 and Fig. 3 show that catalyst is run in high liquid air speed through a long time, conversion ratio is higher, selectivity compared with
Good, catalyst is with good stability.
Embodiment 16
It weighs reaction 100h in 0.34g example 15 and reactivates rear partial size in the ferric oxide catalyst of 20~40 mesh, set
In the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, with silica wool fixed catalyst aluminum phosphate, the quartz ampoule that then will be filled with catalyst, which is placed in, to be added
In hot stove, opens nitrogen and be passed through with 6ml/min, open heating device, reach temperature in a manner of 5 DEG C/min temperature programming
390 DEG C, steady temperature, 10ml/h is passed through 20% lactic acid aqueous solution, collects product, is colourless transparent liquid, and analysis generates
Object, the conversion ratio of lactic acid still can be restored to 90% or more, the selective recovery of propionic acid to 36% or more.
After embodiment 16 and Fig. 4 show that catalyst activity reduces, simply calcined, catalyst activity has obtained very well
Restore.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. ferric oxide catalyst prepares the application in propionic acid technique in lactic acid deoxidation, which is characterized in that by 0.4~0.5g, 20~
The ferric oxide catalyst of 40 mesh is added in the quartz ampoule that internal diameter is 4mm, and catalyst both ends are blocked with silica wool, carries cream with carrier gas
For aqueous acid by the silica wool of catalyst upper end and in silica wool surface vaporization, subsequent phase feed passes through the catalyst table
Face, reaction temperature are 320~420 DEG C, and lactic acid concn is 10~40wt%, and charging rate is 1~15mL/h, and the flow velocity of carrier gas is
1~10mL/min；
The preparation method of the iron oxide is completely dissolved in the following steps are included: firstly, weigh a certain amount of soluble ferric iron salt
In 100ml deionized water, alkaline precipitating agent is added, adjusting pH value is 8-9, continues to stir 1h, subsequent precipitation 2h at room temperature；Then
It filters, deionized water is washed 3-5 times, and 100 DEG C~120 DEG C of air dry oven drying are placed in；Then under air atmosphere, temperature programming
To 500 DEG C~650 DEG C calcining 6h, gained iron oxide carries out tabletting granulation, takes 20-40 mesh as catalyst.
2. application according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the carrier gas is nitrogen or hydrogen.
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| CN106431890B (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of preparation method of carboxylic acid |
| CN107311130B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-12-31 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Comprehensive recycling method of ferric salt containing nitrogen and sulfur |
| CN107400787B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-12-31 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | Ammonia leaching recycling method of ferric salt containing nitrogen and sulfur |
| CN108993479B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 重庆理工大学 | Molybdenum-based catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110229058B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-08-03 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for preparing propionic acid by catalytic conversion of lactic acid |
| CN112479262B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-09-26 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for preparing ferric oxide and preparing pyruvic acid by catalyzing lactic acid |
| CN116060008A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-05-05 | 郑州大学 | Hierarchical pore iron-based catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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