CN105757765A - Heating characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluation method for electric heating equipment - Google Patents
Heating characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluation method for electric heating equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105757765A CN105757765A CN201610150353.9A CN201610150353A CN105757765A CN 105757765 A CN105757765 A CN 105757765A CN 201610150353 A CN201610150353 A CN 201610150353A CN 105757765 A CN105757765 A CN 105757765A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heating characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluation method for electric heating equipment. The heating characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluation method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a heating characteristic model of the electric heating equipment; (2) establishing heating and heat preservation process models of the electric heating equipment; (3) performing energy efficiency evaluation on the electric heating equipment; (4) obtaining expressions of the heating model and the heat preservation process model. According to the heating characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluation method disclosed by the invention, thermodynamic modeling is performed on a space for electric heating equipment assembly, and the space is equivalent to a first-order circuit model by adopting an analogy method, so that the solving difficulty of each model is simplified; specific parameters in the models, namely thermal capacitance and thermal resistance, are obtained by an easier solution by utilizing experimental data, in combination with the established models and based on a principle of least squares. The modeling and solving processes are simple and effective, the space temperature is quantitatively described, and on this basis, the energy efficiency classification is performed on the eclectic heating equipment by applying a concept and an evaluation method of electrical utility, so that an important basis and a reference are provided for energy conservation control of the electric heating equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of firing equipment model and electric appliance energy-saving assessment, be specifically related to heat characteristic modeling and the energy efficiency evaluating method of a kind of electric heating equipment.
Background technology
Along with economic development, people's level of comfort to living requires more and more higher, and on the south the Changjiang river, the cry of many areas winter heating is also more and more higher.The centralized heating construction cost widely used in the north is big, energy resource consumption big, and southern area needs one heating system more flexibly.Electric heating is a kind of heating system directly converting electrical energy into heat energy, for instance carbon crystalline substance warmer, and heating up-front investment is relatively low, and comfort level is high, it is simple to the selectivity assembling of user flexibility ground, is the preferred manner of southern area heating.
Electric heating equipment power is generally large, and power consumption is more, under the premise ensureing the comfortable experience of user, should can reduce to the greatest extent energy consumption.Existing electric heating operational mode is usually local independent control, and control strategy is single coarse, and electric heating equipment heat characteristic is not carried out quantitative description, controlling thus being difficult to electric heater multi-agent synergy, such as stabilizing the load fluctuation etc. of electric heater group.Additionally, the energy efficiency evaluation of electric heating equipment is mainly for the electric conversion efficiency of equipment itself and power consumption assessment, it is not associated with Consumer's Experience, there is one-sidedness.Therefore, setting up on electric heating heat characteristic model basis, the energy efficiency evaluation carrying out becoming more meticulous in conjunction with electrical equipment effectiveness and efficiency grade all has important effect to electric heating collective control and raising electric heating efficiency etc. are many-sided.
Summary of the invention
For problem above, the invention provides the modeling of the heat characteristic of a kind of electric heating equipment and energy efficiency evaluating method, set up the mathematical model of the heat characteristic of electric heating equipment, heating process and insulating process are quantitatively described.On this basis, in conjunction with household electricity device Concept of Utility and appraisal procedure, space heater heating process is carried out energy efficiency evaluation, provide model basis and evaluation criterion for optimal control for energy saving, effectively to solve the problem in background technology.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: the heat characteristic modeling of a kind of electric heating equipment and energy efficiency evaluating method, comprises the steps:
(1) the heat characteristic model of electric heating equipment is set up:
Owing to heating interval is less, it is believed that heating and in insulating process every thermodynamic parameter invariable, heating and in insulating process, house state is constant, is absent from interference factor；
(2) electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation process model is set up:
The thermodynamic process of the floor space of configuration electric heating equipment is described；Adopt equivalence analogy method to solve the electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model provided, after master mould is equivalent to firstorder circuit model, uses electrotechnics knowledge, solve this model, and then solve former thermodynamical model；
(3) electric heating equipment energy efficiency evaluation:
In conjunction with the actually used experience of user and electrical equipment self character, with reference to concept and the appraisal procedure of household electricity device effectiveness, electric heating equipment belongs to a kind of cold-storage and thermal storage type equipment, and the described function of its effectiveness is:
Wherein, TlAnd ThIt is lower threshold and the upper limit threshold of desired temperature respectively, TtFor the actual effect temperature of moment t, if TtAt [Tl,Th] scope in, then temperature effectiveness is 1, works as Tt<TlOr Tt>ThTime, the decline of temperature value of utility, decrease speed is determined by parameter ε, ε ∈ (0,1].
Based on utility function, in conjunction with the use state of electric heating equipment, just to carry out the classified estimation of efficiency grade.
(4) heating model and insulating process model expression are obtained:
If indoor initial temperature is Tin0, outdoor temperature is Tout, P is the rated power of electric heating equipment,For efficiency, utilizing total regression threefactor method and circuit superposition theorem, 1. analogy obtains heating model such as formula, and insulating process model such as formula is 2.；
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described classified estimation is on the electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model basis having built up, and namely judges the temperature value that given time electric heating equipment makes house heat, and then determines its effectiveness and efficiency grade.
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, formula 1. with formula 2. in, thermal capacitance C and thermal resistance R is undetermined parameter, and namely method by experiment is determined
As a kind of preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the method of its test is: configure electric heating equipment and digital thermometer that power is P in a certain house, open electric heating equipment, and start temperature data in recording room, a selected suitable interval, such as 1min, record temperature test data, after indoor temperature rising is a certain amount of, close electric heating equipment, continue record temperature data, before dropping to unlatching electric heating equipment until temperature, after obtaining experimental data by experiment, the principle based on least square determines undetermined parameter, first, 2. formula is deformed into
Both sides take natural logrithm simultaneously, it may be assumed that
Then with basic functionAs Interpolation-Radix-Function, based on the principle of least square, obtain
1. formula is done following deformation again, and will obtainSubstitute into, it may be assumed that
Obtain under test data corresponding thermal resistance R, then average and namely think actual thermal resistance R；So far, the parameter of thermal capacitance and thermal resistance just measures by experiment, and namely heating and insulating process are quantitatively described with this model.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The space of assembling electric heating equipment is carried out Thermodynamics modeling by the present invention, and adopts analogy method to be equivalent to a firstorder circuit model, and what simplify model solves difficulty.For the undetermined parameter thermal capacitance in model and thermal resistance, utilize experimental data, in conjunction with the model set up, draw easier to solve based on the principle of least square.Modeling and the process solved are simply effective, with quantitative description space temperature, on this basis, use concept and the appraisal procedure of electrical equipment effectiveness, electric heating equipment is carried out efficiency classification, and the Energy Saving Control for electric heating equipment provides important foundation and reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is electric heating equipment heating and the insulation illustraton of model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is electric heating equipment heating and the equivalent model figure of insulating process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the intensification of electric heating equipment of the present invention and the insulation curve of model and actual experiment datagram.
Fig. 4 is heating and thermal insulation model room temperature situation of change schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, set up the heat characteristic model of electric heating equipment, first do hypothesis below:
(1) owing to heating interval is less, it is believed that heating and in insulating process every thermodynamic parameter invariable；
(2) in heating and insulating process, house state is constant, is absent from windowing, the interference factor such as enabling.
2, electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model is set up:
(1) the floor space Fig. 1 configuring electric heating equipment describes its thermodynamic process, wherein, to extraradial thermal power when P is electric heating equipment heating, features the heating efficiency of electric heating equipment；C is the thermal capacitance in heated house, and it describes whole house and absorbs rising and the memory property of temperature after certain heat；R is house equivalence entire thermal resistance, describes the loss of heat in heating and insulating process, is mainly derived from door and window and body of wall to outdoor with the external dispersed heat of thermal-radiating form；TinAnd ToutRefer to the temperature of indoor and outdoors respectively.When the switch s is closed, electric heating equipment starts heating indoor, and room temperature raises, and after certain time, disconnects switch, and electric heating equipment is no longer to heating indoor, and due to the existence of thermal resistance, room temperature is gradually lowered.
(2) for solving Fig. 1 electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation process model provided, equivalence analogy method is adopted, as shown in Figure 2.The capacitor equivalent in the thermal capacitance electricity consumption engineering of space in master mould, the electric capacity ability of reflection storage electric charge is similar with the ability of space storing heat；The equivalent resistance in thermal resistance electrotechnics in master mould；By the temperature in voltage equivalence master mould.So, the principle consistent by unit, electric heating equipment heating source one the constant current source-representation of application in master mould；And outdoor temperature is thought constant, therefore outdoor environment one the constant voltage source-representation of application in master mould.Whole model is then equivalent to the firstorder circuit model shown in Fig. 2.
(3) after master mould is equivalent to firstorder circuit model, use electrotechnics knowledge, namely solve this model, and then solve former thermodynamical model.If indoor initial temperature is Tin0, outdoor temperature is Tout, P is the rated power of electric heating equipment,For efficiency, utilizing total regression threefactor method and circuit superposition theorem, 1. analogy obtains heating model such as formula, and insulating process model such as formula is 2..
(4) formula 1. with formula 2. in, thermal capacitance C and thermal resistance R is undetermined parameter, and namely method by experiment is determined: configuring power in a certain house is electric heating equipment and the digital thermometer of P.Open electric heating equipment, and start temperature data in recording room.A selected suitable interval, such as 1min, record temperature test data.After indoor temperature rising is a certain amount of, close electric heating equipment, continue record temperature data, drop to until temperature before opening electric heating equipment.After obtaining experimental data by experiment, the principle based on least square determines undetermined parameter, and first, 2. formula is deformed into:
Both sides take natural logrithm simultaneously, it may be assumed that
Then using basic function as Interpolation-Radix-Function, based on the principle of least square, obtain
1. formula is done following deformation the substitution that will have obtained again, it may be assumed that
Obtain under test data corresponding thermal resistance R, then average and namely think actual thermal resistance R.So far, the parameter of thermal capacitance and thermal resistance just measures by experiment, and namely heating and insulating process are quantitatively described with this model.
3, electric heating equipment energy efficiency evaluation
(1) for the electric heating equipment that power is bigger, its efficiency is reasonably assessed, it should in conjunction with the actually used experience of user and electrical equipment self character.With reference to concept and the appraisal procedure of household electricity device effectiveness, electric heating equipment belongs to a kind of cold-storage and thermal storage type equipment, and the described function of its effectiveness is:
Wherein, TlAnd ThIt is lower threshold and the upper limit threshold of desired temperature respectively, TtFor the actual effect temperature of moment t, if TtAt [Tl,Th] scope in, then temperature effectiveness is 1, works as Tt<TlOr Tt>ThTime, the decline of temperature value of utility, decrease speed is determined by parameter ε, ε ∈ (0,1].
(2) based on utility function, in conjunction with the use state of electric heating equipment, just to carry out the classified estimation of efficiency grade.Define as follows: on the electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model basis having built up, namely judge the temperature value that given time electric heating equipment makes house heat, and then determine its effectiveness and efficiency grade.The Energy Saving Control being evaluated as electric heating equipment of efficiency grade plays an important role.
Embodiment 2:
Select a kind of typical electric heating equipment, be arranged in room common one by one, and configure a temperature sensor, for record temperature data in experiment.Data by experiment, the principle based on least square determines the thermal capacitance thermal resistance undetermined parameter in model.Carry out experiment in students' dormitory, Shanghai City colleges and universities 2 human world, configuring one piece of rated power is 1500W, and operational efficiency is the electric heating equipment of 0.87.At a time opening electric heating equipment, every 1min records an indoor temperature, closes when temperature reaches 18 degrees Celsius, continues to follow the tracks of the indoor temperature of temperature decline process.On the basis of this experimental data, solve the parameter in model:
Thus namely determine in such circumstances, the intensification of electric heating equipment and insulation model.Fig. 3 is model curve and actual experiment datagram.
On this basis, carry out electric heating equipment efficiency level evaluation.In above-mentioned environment, preset human body desirable temperature interval and be 16.5 to 18 degrees Celsius, it is assumed that two kinds of operating schemes:
(1) open electric heating equipment, run 110 minutes；
(2) open electric heating equipment, close electric heating equipment when detecting after room temperature is increased beyond 18 degrees Celsius.
Utilize the heating and thermal insulation model having built up, go out the room temperature situation of change of two kinds of different schemes with quantitative Analysis, as shown in Figure 4.In conjunction with electric heating equipment energy efficiency evaluating method, to respectively obtain the efficiency grade of two kinds of operating schemes.
Scheme (one) is after 44min opened by warmer, and due to the room temperature exceeded threshold upper limit, value of utility is less than 1, therefore is constantly in inefficient state.In whole process, efficient state proportion is less than 50%；
Scheme (two), after 44min opened by warmer, likewise enters inefficient state, but by control measure, when 52 minutes, heat collector was closed, so as to reenter efficient state, in whole process, efficient state proportion is more than 90%.
Thus seeing, the foundation of electric heating equipment heating and insulating process model reflects actual state effectively, carries out electric heating equipment energy efficiency evaluation simple on this basis, controls to provide important foundation for electric appliance energy-saving.
Based on above-mentioned, it is an advantage of the current invention that the space of assembling electric heating equipment is carried out Thermodynamics modeling by the present invention, and adopt analogy method to be equivalent to a firstorder circuit model, what simplify model solves difficulty.For the undetermined parameter thermal capacitance in model and thermal resistance, utilize experimental data, in conjunction with the model set up, draw easier to solve based on the principle of least square.Modeling and the process solved are simply effective, with quantitative description space temperature, on this basis, use concept and the appraisal procedure of electrical equipment effectiveness, electric heating equipment is carried out efficiency classification, and the Energy Saving Control for electric heating equipment provides important foundation and reference.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the heat characteristic of an electric heating equipment models and energy efficiency evaluating method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) the heat characteristic model of electric heating equipment is set up:
Owing to heating interval is less, it is believed that heating and in insulating process every thermodynamic parameter invariable, heating and in insulating process, house state is constant, is absent from interference factor；
(2) electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation process model is set up:
The thermodynamic process of the floor space of configuration electric heating equipment is described；Adopt equivalence analogy method to solve the electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model provided, after master mould is equivalent to firstorder circuit model, uses electrotechnics knowledge, solve this model, and then solve former thermodynamical model；
(3) electric heating equipment energy efficiency evaluation:
In conjunction with the actually used experience of user and electrical equipment self character, with reference to concept and the appraisal procedure of household electricity device effectiveness, electric heating equipment belongs to a kind of cold-storage and thermal storage type equipment, and the described function of its effectiveness is:
Wherein, TlAnd ThIt is lower threshold and the upper limit threshold of desired temperature respectively, TtFor the actual effect temperature of moment t, if TtAt [Tl,Th] scope in, then temperature effectiveness is 1, works as Tt<TlOr Tt>ThTime, the decline of temperature value of utility, decrease speed is determined by parameter ε, ε ∈ (0,1]；
Based on utility function, in conjunction with the use state of electric heating equipment, just to carry out the classified estimation of efficiency grade；
(4) heating model and insulating process model expression are obtained:
If indoor initial temperature is Tin0, outdoor temperature is Tout, P is the rated power of electric heating equipment,For efficiency, utilizing total regression threefactor method and circuit superposition theorem, 1. analogy obtains heating model such as formula, and insulating process model such as formula is 2.；
。
2. the heat characteristic of a kind of electric heating equipment according to claim 1 models and energy efficiency evaluating method, it is characterized in that: described classified estimation is on the electric heating equipment heating and thermal insulation model basis having built up, namely judge the temperature value that given time electric heating equipment makes house heat, and then determine its effectiveness and efficiency grade.
3. a kind of electric heating equipment according to claim 1 heat characteristic modeling and energy efficiency evaluating method, it is characterised in that: formula 1. with formula 2. in, thermal capacitance C and thermal resistance R is undetermined parameter, and method by experiment is determined.
4. the heat characteristic of a kind of electric heating equipment according to claim 3 models and energy efficiency evaluating method, it is characterized in that, the method of its test is: configure electric heating equipment and digital thermometer that power is P in a certain house, open electric heating equipment, and start temperature data in recording room, a selected suitable interval, such as 1min, record temperature test data, after indoor temperature rising is a certain amount of, close electric heating equipment, continue record temperature data, before dropping to unlatching electric heating equipment until temperature, after obtaining experimental data by experiment, principle based on least square determines undetermined parameter, first, 2. formula is deformed into
Both sides take natural logrithm simultaneously, it may be assumed that
Then with basic functionAs Interpolation-Radix-Function, based on the principle of least square, obtain
1. formula is done following deformation again, and will obtainSubstitute into, it may be assumed that
Obtain under test data corresponding thermal resistance R, then average and namely think actual thermal resistance R；So far, the parameter of thermal capacitance and thermal resistance just measures by experiment, and namely heating and insulating process are quantitatively described with this model.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109340904A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 华北电力大学 | Electric heating cooperates with optimizing operation method |
| CN109583696A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-05 | 东北电力大学 | Single electric heating equipment regulating power appraisal procedure based on RBF neural |
| CN109740932A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-05-10 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Appraisal procedure, device, system, storage medium and the processor of heating equipment |
| CN111222237A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-06-02 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Modeling processing method and device for direct-heating electric heating equipment |
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