CN105755399B - A kind of high chrome and preparation method - Google Patents

A kind of high chrome and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105755399B
CN105755399B CN201610206879.4A CN201610206879A CN105755399B CN 105755399 B CN105755399 B CN 105755399B CN 201610206879 A CN201610206879 A CN 201610206879A CN 105755399 B CN105755399 B CN 105755399B
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high chrome
chrome
tempering
temperature
preparation
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CN105755399A (en
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郑开宏
王海艳
王秀连
王娟
董晓蓉
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangdong Institute of Materials and Processing
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of high chrome is made up of following component and weight/mass percentage composition：C：0.15 ~ 0.24%, Cr：10.5 ~ 12.0%, Si：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Mn：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Ni：1.0 ~ 2.0%, Ti：0.5 ~ 1.0%, W：1.0 ~ 2.0%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.01 ~ 0.04% and Ce：0.2 ~ 0.3%, surplus Fe.The preparation method of the high chrome is that steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting, adds ferrotungsten and ferrotianium, vacuumizes, and keeps 80 ~ 100Pa, 1620 ~ 1670 DEG C of smelting temperature, and cerium adds ladle bottom；When ladle molten steel temperature is 1580 ~ 1600 DEG C, pours into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；Heat treatment method：Pretreatment：1050 ~ 1100 DEG C of 4 ~ 6h of insulation, oil cooling, 650 ~ 670 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1020 ~ 1050 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：200 ~ 220 DEG C, it is incubated 6 ~ 8h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.The high chrome of the present invention obtains chromium content height, has high-wearing feature, high-strength tenacity and high corrosion resistance.

Description

A kind of high chrome and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to steel alloy and preparation method, more particularly to high chrome and preparation method, belongs to high-abrasive material field.
Background technology
Bargh is more using large-sized grinder, autogenous tumbling mill, semi-autogenous mill crushing grinding copper at present to improve grinding efficiency The materials such as ore deposit, iron ore, vanadium iron ore deposit, liner plate（Maximum nearly 1.5 tons of substance）As main consumable accessory, the mill that diameter reaches 180mm is born Up to 500mm ore impact, corrosion and abrasion, operating mode is severe, the reciprocation of corrosion and abrasion be present, accelerates material for ball or diameter Material consumption.Should consider wearability when material selects, consider corrosion resistance again, at the same be hit also to consider obdurability will Ask, existing mine is frequently with potassium steel and steel alloy.Potassium steel hardness is low, and wear resistance and corrosion resistance is poor, short life；Steel alloy is due to choosing Material and the improper toughness of preparation method are low, and liner plate easily occurs fracture and initial failure or not wear-resistant occurs.Therefore suitable material is selected Material and preparation method are the effective ways for improving liner plate life-span and security to improve liner plate wearability, corrosion resistance and obdurability.
CN1025603761A discloses a kind of high-chrome multicomponent alloy steel lining plate for mine：C：0.5 ~ 1.8%, Si：0.5~ 1.2%, Mn：0.8 ~ 1.5%, Cr：11 ~ 14%, Mo：0.2 ~ 0.5%, Ni：0.5 ~ 0.8%, B：0.1 ~ 0.2%, Ti：0.1 ~ 0.2%, potassium Sodium alterant 0.2 ~ 0.4%, surplus Fe.Carbon content of the present invention is high, compound is easily formed with chromium and is in net distribution, and toughness is low, There is preferable wearability for the small-sized grinding machine for impacting small.Using potassium sodium alterant, because potassium, sodium density are small, fusing point is low, easily Volatilization, it is poor as alterant element stability.
CN101363104A discloses a kind of wet-type and weak acidic medium abrasion resistant materials, C：0.17 ~ 0.26%, Cr：12.5 ~ 14.5%, Mn：0.5 ~ 1.2%, Ni：0.01 ~ 0.18%, Mo：0.2 ~ 0.6%, Cu：0.5 ~ 1.2%, Si：0.5 ~ 0.9%, surplus is Fe.With wear-resistant corrosion material, its anti-corrosion and wear resistance is Mn1 to the wet-type and weak acidic medium of the present invention3Cr2More than 2 times.
CN100436633C discloses low carbon high alloy steel for ball mill lining and preparation method thereof：C：0.15 ~ 0.3%, Si：0 ~ 1.6%, Mn：0.5 ~ 1.7%, Cr：5.0 ~ 10.0%, Mo：0 ~ 1.5%, Ni：0 ~ 1.5%, B：0.1 ~ 0.2%, Ti：0 ~ 1.0%, RE：0~ 0.8%, P：0.01 ~ 0.045%, S：0.01 ~ 0.045%, other metal and nonmetalloid total amounts are no more than 3%, surplus Fe.This Invention has under wet-grinding machine liner plate working environment to have good wearability, and its life-span is 2 times of high manganese steel lining plate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned prior art shortcoming, there is provided a kind of wearability for having material concurrently, corrosion resistance With the high chrome of obdurability.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of the high chrome.
High chrome of the present invention is made up of following component and weight/mass percentage composition：C：0.15 ~ 0.24%, Cr：10.5~ 12.0%, Si：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Mn：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Ni：1.0 ~ 2.0%, Ti：0.5 ~ 1.0%, W：1.0 ~ 2.0%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.01 ~ 0.04% and Ce：0.2 ~ 0.3%, surplus Fe.
Preferable high chrome is made up of following component and weight/mass percentage composition：C：0.22%, Cr：11.0%, Si：0.6%, Mn： 0.6%, Ni：1.5%, Ti：0.75%, W：1.5%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.025% and Ce：0.25%, surplus Fe.
The high chrome preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps of：
1. steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting, ferrotungsten and ferrotianium are added, is vacuumized, holding 80 ~ 100Pa, 1620 ~ 1670 DEG C of smelting temperature, cerium add ladle bottom；
2. when ladle molten steel temperature is 1580 ~ 1600 DEG C, pours into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；
3. heat treatment method：Pretreatment：1050 ~ 1100 DEG C of 4 ~ 6h of insulation, oil cooling, 650 ~ 670 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1020~ 1050 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：200 ~ 220 DEG C, it is incubated 6 ~ 8h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
C：Carbon is the basic element for ensureing high chrome intensity and wearability, and the too low high chrome toughness of carbon is high, but intensity and resistance to Mill property is low, and carbon is too high to produce acicular martensitic structure in heat treatment process, and toughness is low；Carbon range of choice 0.15 of the present invention ~ 0.24%。
Cr：Chromium improves high chrome quenching degree and intensity, also improves material corrosion resistance；It is too high to reduce toughness of material, too It is low to be unfavorable for material corrosion resistance；Chromium range of choice 10.5 ~ 12.0% of the present invention, matrix is set to obtain lath horse with carbon synergy Family name's body tissue.
Ni：Nickel improves quenching degree, is to expand Ovshinsky element of volume, avoids the occurrence of ferrite, is advantageous to intensity, toughness carries It is high.Consider that nickel range of choice is 1.0 ~ 2.0% from cost performance.
Ti、W：The present invention adds titanium and TiC carbide is preferentially formed in high chrome process of setting as high chrome material knot The nucleus heart and crystal grain thinning.The carbide crystal core that TiC is alternatively arranged as W forms (Ti, W) C, eliminates W carbide cerioid Form, TiC, (Ti, W) C improve wearability as in Hard Inclusion Dispersed precipitate high chrome matrix.To obtain (Ti, W) C tissues, Ti, W are proportionally added into, and consider that titanium range of choice is 0.5 ~ 1.0% from cost performance, tungsten range of choice is 1.0 ~ 2.0%.
Si、Mn、Al：It is the essential basic element of high chrome.
The present invention is prepared with casting method and uses vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting, is to improve high chrome metallurgical quality, is entered One step improves its wearability, corrosion resistance and obdurability；The recovery rate of titanium elements is improved simultaneously.
Heat treatment method purpose of the present invention is：Because high chrome alloying component content total amount is high, in solidification process In be also easy to produce composition cluster, therefore, pretreatment when, soak makes high chrome as-cast structure, composition uniform, high tempering mesh Be so as to thinning microstructure to high chrome recovery and recrystallization.It is to dissolve chromium carbide using high temperature quenching, chromium is dissolved completely In matrix and homogenize, be advantageous to high chrome corrosion resistance.The lath martensite group of fine uniform is obtained using oil quenching high chrome Knit.Lonneal is to eliminate quenched residual stress, to improve Fracture of Material and wearability.
Composition of the present invention and preparation method thereof, high chrome is set to obtain the high lath martensite tissue of chromium content and wherein divide (the Ti, W) C and TiC of the high rigidity of cloth, so as to have high-wearing feature, high-strength tenacity and high corrosion resistance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
High chrome composition and mass percent are：C：0.22%, Cr：11%, Si：0.6%, Mn：0.6%, Ni：1.5%, Ti： 0.75%, W：1.5%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.025% and Ce：0.25%, surplus Fe.
Preparation method step is as follows：Steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into melting in vacuum medium frequency induction furnace, add ferrotungsten and ferrotianium, Vacuumize, keep 90Pa, 1630 DEG C of smelting temperature, cerium adds steel ladle bottom, molten steel is poured into casting ladle；When casting ladle molten steel temperature Spend for 1590 DEG C when, pour into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；Heat treatment method：Pretreatment：1040 DEG C of insulation 5h, oil cooling, 660 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1040 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：210 DEG C, it is incubated 7h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
The high chrome hardness 53HRC, tensile strength 1250MPa, impact flexibility 100J/cm of the present embodiment2, the wet-milling of pH4 ~ 10 Operating mode Dynamic Corrosion rate of depreciation 53g/m2.h.Using the method for testing of dynamic wet type impact abrasive wear, the present embodiment it is resistance to Mill property be composition of the same race not tungstenic, more than 3 times of titanium potassium steel.
Embodiment 2
High chrome composition and mass percent are：C：0.2%, Cr：11.5%, Si：0.6%, Mn：0.6%, Ni：1.3%, Ti： 0.6%, W：1.2%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.025% and Ce：0.25%, surplus Fe.
Preparation method step is as follows：Steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into melting in vacuum medium frequency induction furnace, add ferrotungsten and ferrotianium, Vacuumize, keep 85Pa, 1650 DEG C of smelting temperature, cerium adds steel ladle bottom, molten steel is poured into casting ladle；When casting ladle molten steel temperature Spend for 1595 DEG C when, pour into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；Heat treatment method, pretreatment：1080 DEG C of insulation 5h, oil cooling, 660 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1030 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：210 DEG C, it is incubated 7h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
The high chrome hardness 51HRC, tensile strength 1230MPa, impact flexibility 110J/cm of the present embodiment2, the wet-milling of pH4 ~ 10 Operating mode Dynamic Corrosion rate of depreciation 54g/m2.h.Using the method for testing of dynamic wet type impact abrasive wear, the present embodiment it is resistance to Mill property be composition of the same race not tungstenic, more than 2.8 times of titanium potassium steel.
Embodiment 3
High chrome composition and mass percent are：C：0.18%, Cr：10.8%, Si：0.6%, Mn：0.6%, Ni：1.8%, Ti： 0.8%, W：1.6%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.025% and Ce：0.25%, surplus Fe.
Preparation method step is as follows：Steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into melting in vacuum medium frequency induction furnace, add ferrotungsten and ferrotianium, Vacuumize and keep 83Pa, 1660 DEG C of smelting temperature, cerium adds steel ladle bottom, in the casting ladle that molten steel is poured into DEG C；When pouring Baogang When coolant-temperature gage is 1595 DEG C, pours into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；Heat treatment method, pretreatment：1070 DEG C of insulation 5h, Oil cooling, 660 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1040 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：210 DEG C, it is incubated 7h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
The high chrome hardness 50HRC, tensile strength 1220MPa, impact flexibility 120J/cm of the present embodiment2, the wet-milling of pH4 ~ 10 Operating mode Dynamic Corrosion rate of depreciation 56g/m2.h.Using the method for testing of dynamic wet type impact abrasive wear, the present embodiment it is resistance to Mill property be composition of the same race not tungstenic, more than 2.5 times of titanium potassium steel.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. high chrome, it is characterized in that being made up of following component and weight/mass percentage composition：C：0.15 ~ 0.24%, Cr：10.5~ 12.0%, Si：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Mn：0.4 ~ 0.8%, Ni：1.0 ~ 2.0%, Ti：0.5 ~ 1.0%, W：1.0 ~ 2.0%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.01 ~ 0.04% and Ce：0.2 ~ 0.3%, surplus Fe.
  2. 2. high chrome according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being made up of following component and weight/mass percentage composition：C：0.22%, Cr：11.0%, Si：0.6%, Mn：0.6%, Ni：1.5%, Ti：0.75%, W：1.5%, P, S≤0.04%, Al：0.025% and Ce： 0.25%, surplus Fe.
  3. 3. the preparation method of the high chrome described in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps of：
    1. steel scrap, ferrochrome are put into vacuum medium frequency induction furnace melting, ferrotungsten and ferrotianium are added, is vacuumized, keep 80 ~ 100Pa, melted 1620 ~ 1670 DEG C of temperature is refined, cerium adds ladle bottom；
    2. when ladle molten steel temperature is 1580 ~ 1600 DEG C, pours into casting mold, that is, obtain high chrome casting；
    3. heat treatment method：Pretreatment：1050 ~ 1100 DEG C of 4 ~ 6h of insulation, oil cooling, 650 ~ 670 DEG C of tempering；Quenching：1020~1050 DEG C, oil cooling, oil temperature is no more than 120 DEG C；Tempering：200 ~ 220 DEG C, it is incubated 6 ~ 8h, air cooling of coming out of the stove.
CN201610206879.4A 2016-04-06 2016-04-06 A kind of high chrome and preparation method Active CN105755399B (en)

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Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1025506C (en) * 1991-06-24 1994-07-20 河北工学院 High-toughness antiwear lining plate of big ball mill and making technology thereof
CN100436633C (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-11-26 合肥工业大学 Low carbon high alloy steel for ball mill lining and its making process

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