CN105749862A - Method for reducing content of heavy metal in river water by using activated carbon modified through nitric acid oxidation - Google Patents
Method for reducing content of heavy metal in river water by using activated carbon modified through nitric acid oxidation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105749862A CN105749862A CN201610167686.2A CN201610167686A CN105749862A CN 105749862 A CN105749862 A CN 105749862A CN 201610167686 A CN201610167686 A CN 201610167686A CN 105749862 A CN105749862 A CN 105749862A
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- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- nitric acid
- river
- content
- acid oxidation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the content of heavy metal in river water by using activated carbon modified through nitric acid oxidation, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps: (1) the activated carbon is subjected to nitric acid oxidation modification treatment indoors firstly, shell activated carbon is fed into a nitric acid solution to be soaked and stirred, and the soaked activated carbon is cleaned with distilled water and dried; (2) the pH of a sedimentation tank is regulated, and sewage flows into the sedimentation tank; (3) the activated carbon activated by nitric acid is fed into river sewage for adsorption, so that the content of the heavy metal in the river water can be reduced. The content of the heavy metal in the river water can be reduced effectively through the modified activated carbon, and the scheme is low in cost and pollution-free and further has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The modified activated carbon of disclosure nitric acid oxidation, to reduce the method for content of beary metal in river, belongs to the technical field of waste water control.
Background technology
Individual processing or the preprocess method of current river poisonous and harmful sewage are more, and wherein adsorption method is the process that a kind of material is attached on another kind of material surface, and it can occur between gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid two-phase.Process in water processes, is generally adopted porous solid matter as adsorbent, for instance activated carbon, activated coal, coke, cinder, adsorbent resin or wood flour etc..Wherein activated carbon is most commonly used, and simultaneously the surface texture featur of activated carbon and surface chemical property are the key factors affecting activated carbon adsorption performance.By activated carbon before and after nitric acid Surface Oxidation Modification, metal biosorption mechanism is remained in the desk research stage before, activated carbon is carried out Surface Oxidation Modification, there is significantly change in surface texture featur and the surface chemical property that can cause activated carbon, is mainly reflected in specific surface area and pore volume has reduction in various degree；Activated carbon surface generates substantial amounts of oxygen-containing functional group；In-house laboratory investigation showed that the activated carbon after utilizing nitric acid oxidation was to the Cr in water in the past3+And Cu2+、Pb2+Absorption property be greatly increased.Fan Yanzhen et al. have studied Nitric Acid Modified can dramatically increase activated carbon to lead ion Pb2+Adsorbance.Aggarwal, Goyal etc. once used Nitric Acid Modified activated carbon to adsorb Cr respectively3+、Cu2+, adsorption efficiency improves 370% and 300%.The heavy metal pollution of river, mining area is not Single Pollution thing, and water environment is complicated, there is impact and the control of pH, Eh change, microorganism, vegetation, Mud Sediment adsorption-desorption, artificial disturbance etc. factor, dredging waterway, time needs to go sewage is dammed process, and the present invention is exactly by the activated carbon application after nitrated to mining area river improvement polluted river water processing links, reduce the river impact on downstream river.
To Mining Development inevitably causes river heavy metal pollution, and the mine tailings being piled up in river course not only to be cleaned out by dredging waterway, and the waste water simultaneously polluted is also required to carry out purified treatment, downstream river could will not cause serious impact.So, adopt the river that the activated carbon heavy metal after activation is polluted to carry out adsorbing to reduce content of beary metal and be significant to reach sewage drainage standard.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mainly by after activated carbon heavy metal contaminants in the river sewage of mining area is adsorbed, be used for reducing content of beary metal in river.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, it is realized particular by techniques below scheme:
(1) first activated carbon is carried out nitric acid oxidation modification: active fruit shell carbon is thrown into mass fraction be more than or equal to the salpeter solution of 80% soaking and stirring, then cleaned with distilled water by the activated carbon after immersion, be finally placed in air dry oven and dry.
Specifically, it it is 4 hours in the above-mentioned time being fed in nitric acid to soak active fruit shell carbon.
Specifically, the mass fraction of above-mentioned salpeter solution is 80%.
Specifically, the temperature of above-mentioned immersion is set to 120 DEG C.
Specifically, the temperature that above-mentioned activated carbon is dried is 120 DEG C.
Specifically, the time of above-mentioned drying is 6 hours.
(2) regulate the pH value of sedimentation tank, and sewage is imported in sedimentation tank.
Specifically, the pH regulator of above-mentioned sedimentation tank adopts NaOH or the hydrochloric acid adjustment of 2%.
(3) activated carbon after nitric acid treatment is fed in sedimentation tank, stirs and precipitate half an hour.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps, activated carbon and river wastewater input ratio 1kg activated carbon are fed into 20L river wastewater.
Content of beary metal in river can be effectively reduced so that polluted river becomes clarification, with back to nature by such scheme.Such scheme cost is low, little to realize environmental pollution simultaneously, and then has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The flow chart of content of beary metal in the activated carbon reduction river that Fig. 1 nitric acid oxidation is modified.
Detailed description of the invention
For certain goldfield, table 1 is original river test result, and Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd are the main heavy metal element polluted, after the adjustment of pH, content of beary metal different in river changes, it is possible to from float, release is likely to and is deposited at the bottom of pond (see table 2)；But under different pH regulator, adsorb content of beary metal and adsorption rate such as table 3 and table 4 in river by the activated carbon that nitric acid oxidation is modified.Under different pH environment, heavy metal composite degradation degree is different, pH is when 6-8, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd palliating degradation degree is comparatively obvious, and especially when pH=7, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd element degradation rate respectively reaches 81.82%, 42.86%, 24.91%, 20.92%, 20.00%.But at about pH=9.5, part heavy metal such as Cu element is likely to occur counter releases phenomenon, and other heavy metal element degradation effect has obvious reduction.
By above-mentioned specific experiment group result it can be seen that by after the modified activated carbon adsorption of nitric acid oxidation, quality of river water substantially gets a new look, simultaneously and NO3 -Also also within wastewater discharge standard.
The original river test result catalog of table 1
Content of beary metal in river after the different pH regulator of table 2
River test result catalog after activated carbon adsorption under the different pH of table 3
Under the different pH of table 4, activated carbon is to the heavy metal adsorption efficiency in river
The key point of the present invention is in that to utilize the control of concentrated nitric acid oxidation activated carbon process and pH scope, and whether significantly activated carbon adsorption polluted river water heavy metal effect is played decisive role by this.
nullFirst near river wastewater outlet downstream, build 4 sedimentation tanks (1，2，3，No. 4) purpose is for testing activated carbon that under different pH, concentrated nitric acid oxidation the is modified degraded situation to heavy metal species each in sewage，1，2，3，No. 4 sedimentation tank corresponding pH results that regulate in the future respectively are 6、7、8、The sedimentation tank of 9.5，The local condition original for understanding river wastewater river heavy metal，This in-situ test tests river and enters the heavy metal original test data (shown in table 1) of polluted river water before sedimentation tank，1 is imported respectively after being tapped by river，2，3，No. 4 sedimentation tanks，Sewage volume (long × wide × deep=1m × 1m × 0.2m) in sedimentation tank，With laboratory prepare 2% NaOH solution regulate the pH of 4 different sedimentation tanks with HCI that concentration is 11，Treat pH respectively 6，7，8，When 9.5，Take 10ml water sample and be numbered 15C6 respectively、15C7、15C8、15C9 is used for evaluating acid-base value heavy metal and changes situation (shown in table 2)，Again activated carbon is packed，Activated carbon weight 10kg (after removing sack weight) is weighed with spring，Slowly throw in activated carbon simultaneously，And stir with Glass rod，Start timing，Sewage starts bubbling to nothing，After 30 minutes，Again take 10ml water sample and be numbered 15NC6 respectively、15NC7、15NC8、Shown in 15NC9(table 3)，Institute's water sampling send geological and mineral institute experiment test center, Xi'an to complete.
Owing to adding the activated carbon after nitric acid activates in sedimentation tank so that the pH of river is slightly changed.
Table 4 is by gained, computational methods: content of beary metal × 100% before the difference/absorption of the content of beary metal before and after heavy metal adsorption efficiency=absorption after table 3, the process of table 2 data.
In reality, the Acidity of Aikalinity of river, different regions river is different, it is not necessary to regulate pH, the present invention is directed to actual river water environmental to be pH be the river heavy metal pollution of 6-9.5 area and degrade feasible scheme.It is 6-8 pollution of estuary that technical scheme is primarily adapted for use in pH, and wherein based on the heavy-metal composite pollution of lead element pollution, this technology degraded content of beary metal is ideal.
Claims (9)
1. the activated carbon that a nitric acid oxidation is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river: it comprises the following steps:
(1) first activated carbon is carried out nitric acid oxidation modification: active fruit shell carbon is thrown into mass fraction be more than or equal to the salpeter solution of 80% soaking and stirring, then cleaned with distilled water by the activated carbon after immersion, be finally placed in air dry oven and dry；
(2) regulate the pH value of sedimentation tank, and sewage is imported in sedimentation tank；
(3) activated carbon after nitric acid treatment is fed in sedimentation tank, stirs and precipitate half an hour.
2. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), the mass fraction of salpeter solution is 80%.
3. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), the addition of nitric acid is for be completely soaked activated carbon.
4. a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified activated carbon reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), active fruit shell carbon is dipped to the time in nitric acid is 4 hours.
5. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), activated carbon is dipped to the temperature of nitric acid is 120 DEG C.
6. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: the temperature that described step (1) activated carbon is dried is 120 DEG C.
7. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: the drying time of described step (1) is 6 hours.
8. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (2), sedimentation tank pH's regulates the NaOH or the hydrochloric acid adjustment that adopt 2%.
9. the activated carbon that a kind of nitric acid oxidation according to claim 1 is modified reduces the method for content of beary metal in river, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), activated carbon and river wastewater input ratio 1kg activated carbon are fed into 20L river wastewater.
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| CN201610167686.2A CN105749862A (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | Method for reducing content of heavy metal in river water by using activated carbon modified through nitric acid oxidation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107694515A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-02-16 | 中南民族大学 | A kind of porous carbon of Nitric Acid Modified and its application |
| CN109092325A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of catalyst and the preparation method and application thereof for low-temperature denitration of flue gas |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105032353A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method and application of modified activated carbon |
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2016
- 2016-03-23 CN CN201610167686.2A patent/CN105749862A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105032353A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method and application of modified activated carbon |
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| 张淑琴等: "活性炭对重金属离子铅镉铜的吸附研究", 《环境科学与管理》 * |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107694515A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-02-16 | 中南民族大学 | A kind of porous carbon of Nitric Acid Modified and its application |
| CN107694515B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-11-22 | 中南民族大学 | A kind of porous carbon of Nitric Acid Modified and its application |
| CN109092325A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of catalyst and the preparation method and application thereof for low-temperature denitration of flue gas |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |