CN105742713A - All-solid-state polymer lithium battery - Google Patents
All-solid-state polymer lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105742713A CN105742713A CN201410778069.7A CN201410778069A CN105742713A CN 105742713 A CN105742713 A CN 105742713A CN 201410778069 A CN201410778069 A CN 201410778069A CN 105742713 A CN105742713 A CN 105742713A
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-solid-state polymer lithium battery, which comprises a negative plate, a positive plate and an all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane is spaced between the negative plate and the positive plate; the negative plate takes a lithium alloy which is formed by lithium and one or more of metals in K, Ru, Cs, Fr, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba as a negative material; the mass content ratio of the lithium metal in the lithium alloy is 70%-99.9%; and the sum of the content ratios of other metals is 0.1%-30%. Compared with the prior art, the used lithium alloy negative material and the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte have good compatibility and interface stability, so that, compared with an existing all-solid-state polymer lithium battery, the manufactured all-solid-state polymer lithium battery is significantly improved in cycle performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to full solid state polymer field of lithium, it is more particularly related to the full solid state polymer lithium battery that a kind of cycle life is longer.
Background technology
At present, business-like lithium ion battery anode active material is mainly graphite, but, the specific discharge capacity of graphite is limited, and the space that volume and capacity ratio improves is also very little, seriously limits the gravimetric energy density of lithium battery and the further lifting of volume energy density.Along with the development of consumption electronic product and electric vehicle engineering, exploitation has the battery system of higher energy density has become the task of top priority.
Lithium metal has significantly high quality (3860Ah/KG) and volume (2050Ah/L) energy density, can serve as the negative material of lithium battery, such as, adopting lithium metal as negative pole, adopt organic system and water system two-electrolyte system as electrolyte, the novel battery system assembled just has high energy density.But, this new battery system needs to use height to lead, and ionic membrane separation is organic and water system two-electrolyte system, manufactures complicated and costly, is unfavorable for large-scale application.Additionally, due to this battery system contains high chemism lithium an-ode and aqueous electrolyte simultaneously, it is easy to producing violent chemical reaction owing to battery structure destroys, itself also has hidden danger greatly.
In order to solve the security risk using lithium an-ode to bring, a thinking is to use nonflammable all solid state electrolyte to substitute liquid electrolyte.Such as, it has been proposed that use Pluronic F-127 class or polysiloxane type polymers as the solid electrolyte of lithium battery, high thermal stability (higher than 300 DEG C) due to these polymer dielectrics, even if using lithium metal as negative material, the battery of assembling still has good security performance.But, due to the side reaction between lithium an-ode and full solid state polymer electrolyte interface, this type of circulating battery process exists and compares seriously capacity fade problem.Although there being research worker to attempt by using physically or chemically deposition process plating last layer cushion to protect lithium an-ode in lithium metal surface; to promote the cycle performance of lithium metal battery; but this kind of method complicated operation; with high costs, it is unfavorable for production in enormous quantities and the large-scale application of lithium an-ode.On the other hand, the method at lithium metal surface coating can increase considerably the internal resistance of cell, so that badly influencing battery capacity and high rate performance.
In view of this, a kind of scheme that can solve the problem that the problems referred to above of necessary offer, to be effectively improved the cycle life of full solid state polymer lithium battery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: provide a kind of full solid state polymer lithium battery, it has good cycle performance, and the raising of cycle performance is without influence on other performances of battery.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of full solid state polymer lithium battery, it includes negative plate, positive plate and the full solid state polymer electrolyte film being interval between negative plate and positive plate, negative plate is using the lithium alloy that formed by one or more metals in lithium and K, Ru, Cs, Fr, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba as negative material, in lithium alloy, the mass content ratio of lithium metal is 70%～99.9%, and the mass content ratio sum of other metals is 0.1%～30%.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, in described lithium alloy, the mass content ratio of lithium metal is preferably 90%～99%, and the mass content ratio sum of other metals is 1%～10%.
Lithium content ratio in alloy of the present invention carries out restriction and is because: the too low energy density that can reduce negative pole of lithium content, lithium content is too high, can reduce the interface stability between itself and full solid state polymer electrolyte film.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, described lithium alloy is preferably Li-Cs alloy.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, the sheet metal that described full solid state polymer lithium battery is made using described lithium alloy is as negative plate, and lithium alloy uses simultaneously as negative active core-shell material and collector.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, described full solid state polymer electrolyte film includes possessing the polymer leading lithium ion ability and lithium salts；Wherein, polymer includes but not limited to polyether-based polymers (such as PEO, PPO etc.), polyamine base polymer (such as polyethyene diamine etc.), polysulfide ether polymer (such as dithioglycol etc.)；Lithium salts includes but not limited to LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiCl、LiAlCl4、LiSbF6、LiSCN、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiTFSI、LiN(C4F9SO2)2、Li2B12F12、LiBOB。
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, described positive plate includes plus plate current-collecting body and the positive electrode material layer being coated on plus plate current-collecting body.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, described plus plate current-collecting body is selected from rustless steel, nickel, copper, titanium, carbon, electroconductive resin and the copper sheet or the stainless steel substrates that are coated with nickel or titanium.
As a kind of improvement of full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention, described positive electrode material layer includes positive active material, conductive material and full solid state polymer electrolyte；Wherein, full solid state polymer electrolyte is identical with the composition of full solid state polymer electrolyte film；Positive active material selected from metal-oxide containing lithium, includes but not limited to that layered lithium metal oxides (such as cobalt acid lithium LCO, nickle cobalt lithium manganate NMC etc.), metal-oxide without lithium are (such as V2O5、MnO2Deng), spinel structure lithium metal oxide is (such as LiMn2O4 LiMn2O4Deng), lithium metal phosphates (such as LiFePO4 LFP etc.), lithium metal pentafluoride sulfate is (such as fluoride cobaltous sulfate lithium LiCoFSO4Deng), lithium metal vanadate is (such as vanadic acid nickel lithium LiNiVO4Deng)；Conductive material includes but not limited to graphite (such as native graphite, Delanium etc.), acetylene black (such as Ketjen black etc.), conductive fiber (such as carbon fiber and metallic fiber etc.), metal dust (such as copper powder and nikel powder), organic conductive polymer (such as polypheny lene derivatives etc.).
Compared with prior art, full solid state polymer lithium battery of the present invention uses the lithium alloy containing otheralkali metal or alkali earth metal as negative material, can ensure on the basis of lithium metal battery high-energy-density, improve the interface stability between full solid state polymer electrolyte and negative pole, reduce the generation of side reaction, thus improving the cycle life of full solid state polymer lithium metal battery, therefore all there is in the field such as electric automobile and energy-accumulating power station significantly high practical value and good application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the goal of the invention of the present invention, technical scheme and technique effect become apparent from, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the embodiment described in this specification is merely to explain the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Prepare positive plate:
Pluronic F-127 PEO and lithium salts LiTFSI is dissolved in NMP, it is added used as the LiFePO4 LFP of positive electrode active materials and is used as the acetylene black of conductive agent, and be sufficiently mixed and prepare slurry, wherein the amount of PEO is every 100 weight portion LFP is 20 weight portions, the amount of LiTFSI is every 100 weight portion LFP is 10 weight portions, and the amount of acetylene black is every 100 weight portion LFP is 8 weight portions；Described slurry is applied to Copper Foil both sides 12 microns thick, forced air drying 20h at 85 DEG C, roll to prepare positive plate.
Prepare full solid state polymer electrolyte film:
Pluronic F-127 PEO and lithium salts LiTFSI is dissolved in acetonitrile with the mass ratio of 2:1 and prepares electrolyte slurry, described electrolyte slurry is applied to poly tetrafluoroethylene, rolls after dry 5 hours at 70 DEG C.
Prepare full solid state polymer lithium battery:
Use the pole piece of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, Cs content be the lithium cesium alloy sheet of 3% as negative pole, positive plate, the dielectric film that tears poly tetrafluoroethylene off are combined with each other with lithium cesium alloy negative plate, after rolling, obtain full solid state polymer lithium metal battery A.
Embodiment 2
As embodiment 1 prepares battery B, except that negative material to be Cs content be 8% lithium cesium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 3
As embodiment 1 prepares battery C, except that negative material to be Cs content be 15% lithium cesium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 4
As embodiment 1 prepares battery D, except that negative material to be Cs content be 30% lithium cesium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 5
As embodiment 1 prepares battery E, except that negative material to be Cs content be 1% lithium cesium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 6
As embodiment 1 prepares battery F, except that negative material to be Cs content be 0.1% lithium cesium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 7
As embodiment 1 prepares battery G, except that negative material to be Sr content be 3% lithium strontium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 8
As embodiment 1 prepares battery H, except that negative material to be Ba content be 3% lithium barium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 9
As embodiment 1 prepares battery I, except that negative material to be Ca content be 3% lithium calcium alloy sheet.
Embodiment 10
Prepare positive plate:
Polyethyene diamine and lithium salts LiFSI are dissolved in NMP, are added used as the V of positive electrode active materials2O5With the acetylene black as conductive agent, and be sufficiently mixed and prepare slurry, wherein the amount of polyethyene diamine is every 100 weight portion V2O5Being 20 weight portions, the amount of LiFSI is every 100 weight portion V2O5Being 10 weight portions, the amount of acetylene black is every 100 weight portion V2O5It is 8 weight portions；Described slurry is applied to Copper Foil both sides 12 microns thick, forced air drying 20h at 85 DEG C, roll to prepare positive plate.
Prepare full solid state polymer electrolyte film:
Polyethyene diamine and lithium salts LiFSI are dissolved in acetonitrile with the mass ratio of 2:1 and prepare electrolyte slurry, described electrolyte slurry is applied to poly tetrafluoroethylene, rolls after dry 5 hours at 70 DEG C.
Prepare full solid state polymer lithium battery:
Use the pole piece of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, Mg content be the lithium magnesium alloy plate of 1% as negative pole, positive plate, the dielectric film that tears poly tetrafluoroethylene off are combined with each other with lithium magnesium alloy negative plate, after rolling, obtain full solid state polymer lithium metal battery J.
Embodiment 11
Prepare positive plate:
Polycyclic oxypropylene PPO and Lithium Salt LiBOB are dissolved in NMP, it is added used as the cobalt acid lithium LCO of positive electrode active materials and is used as the acetylene black of conductive agent, and be sufficiently mixed and prepare slurry, wherein the amount of polycyclic oxypropylene PPO is every 100 weight portion LCO is 20 weight portions, the amount of LiBOB is every 100 weight portion LCO is 15 weight portions, and the amount of acetylene black is every 100 weight portion LCO is 8 weight portions；Described slurry is applied to Copper Foil both sides 12 microns thick, forced air drying 20h at 85 DEG C, roll to prepare positive plate.
Prepare full solid state polymer electrolyte film:
Propylene oxide PPO and Lithium Salt LiBOB are dissolved in acetonitrile with the mass ratio of 3:2 and prepare electrolyte slurry, described electrolyte slurry is applied to poly tetrafluoroethylene, rolls after dry 5 hours at 70 DEG C.
Prepare full solid state polymer lithium battery:
Use the pole piece of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, potassium content be the lithium potassium-sodium alloy sheet of 2% as negative pole, positive plate, the dielectric film that tears poly tetrafluoroethylene off are combined with each other with lithium potassium-sodium alloy negative plate, after rolling, obtain full solid state polymer lithium metal battery K.
Embodiment 12
Prepare positive plate:
By poly-dithioglycol and lithium salts LiN (C4F9SO2)2Being dissolved in NMP, be added used as the Li-Ni-Mn-O ternary material NMC of positive electrode active materials and be used as the acetylene black of conductive agent, and being sufficiently mixed and prepare slurry, wherein the amount of poly-dithioglycol is every 100 weight portion NMC is 25 weight portions, LiN (C4F9SO2)2Amount be every 100 weight portion NMC be 25 weight portions, the amount of acetylene black is every 100 weight portion LCO is 8 weight portions；Described slurry is applied to Copper Foil both sides 12 microns thick, forced air drying 20h at 85 DEG C, roll to prepare positive plate.
Prepare full solid state polymer electrolyte film:
By poly-dithioglycol and lithium salts LiN (C4F9SO2)2It is dissolved in acetonitrile with the mass ratio of 1:1 and prepares electrolyte slurry, described electrolyte slurry is applied to poly tetrafluoroethylene, rolls after dry 5 hours at 70 DEG C.
Prepare full solid state polymer lithium battery:
Use the pole piece of above-mentioned preparation as positive pole, Sr content is 5%, Cs content is that the lithium strontium cesium alloy sheet of 5% is as negative pole, positive plate, the dielectric film tearing poly tetrafluoroethylene off and lithium strontium cesium alloy negative plate are combined with each other, after rolling, obtain full solid state polymer lithium metal battery L.
Comparative example 1
As embodiment 1 prepares battery M, except that negative material be pour lithium slice.
Comparative example 2
As embodiment 10 prepares battery N, except that negative material be pour lithium slice.
Comparative example 3
As embodiment 11 prepares battery O, except that negative material be pour lithium slice.
Comparative example 4
As embodiment 12 prepares battery P, except that negative material be pour lithium slice.
Performance test:
Following procedure is adopted to test above-mentioned 16 groups of lithium ion batteries: every Battery pack all takes 4, with 0.1C constant-current charge to 4.3V at 70 DEG C, constant voltage is to charge cutoff voltage, again with 0.1C constant-current discharge to discharge cut-off voltage after standing half an hour, stand half an hour again, circulate 500 times with this program；Wherein battery A-F and J discharge and recharge blanking voltage are 2.5-3.75V, and battery G and K discharge and recharge blanking voltage are 2.0-4.2V, and battery H and L discharge and recharge blanking voltage are 3.0-4.3V, and battery I and M discharge and recharge blanking voltage are 3.0-4.4V；To the battery before and after circulation at 70 DEG C under 5mv voltage, carry out EIS test in 0.03Hz-500KHz frequency range, analyze and obtain its interface resistance.
This 16 Battery pack is often organized and all takes 4, with 0.1C constant-current charge to 4.3V at 70 DEG C, constant voltage is to charge cutoff voltage, again with 0.1C constant-current discharge to discharge cut-off voltage after standing half an hour, obtaining 0.1C discharge capacity C1. and stand half an hour again, with 0.1C constant-current charge to 4.3V, constant voltage is to charge cutoff voltage, stand after half an hour again with 2C constant-current discharge to discharge cut-off voltage, obtain 2C discharge capacity C2.
The capability retention of each Battery pack is calculated after loop test, wherein, the discharge capacity * 100% of discharge capacity/the first week in the capability retention=the N week in N week, interface resistance increment rate=(after 500 weeks cell interface resistance-fresh cells interface resistance)/fresh cells interface resistance * 100%, big multiplying power discharging capability retention=C2/C1*100%.Result of calculation is listed in table 1.
Table 1, each Battery pack capability retention after 500 times circulate
As can be seen from Table 1, relative to the battery M-P using common metal lithium to make as negative material, the present invention lithium alloy negative material containing otheralkali metal or alkaline-earth metal can significantly improve the interface stability of full solid state polymer lithium battery, especially with the battery A-F that Li-Cs alloy makes, its interface resistance does not have significant change after circulating battery 500 times, this is likely to more stable with Li-Cs this body structure of alloy, and better relevant with the lithium metal compatibility of surface deposition in battery charging process.
Additionally, relative to the battery M～P using common metal lithium to make, after using the battery A-L that lithium alloy negative material of the present invention makes to circulate at 500 weeks, capability retention significantly increases.This illustrates that Zinc-lithium alloy material of the present invention can pass through the improvement of anticathode and electrolyte interface, greatly optimizes the cycle performance of full solid state polymer lithium battery；And its big multiplying power (2C) discharge capacitance is suitable with the battery M～P using common metal lithium to make, this illustrates that Zinc-lithium alloy material of the present invention can pass through the improvement of anticathode and electrolyte interface, greatly optimizes the cycle performance of full solid state polymer lithium battery and will not battery high rate performance be impacted.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, above-mentioned embodiment can also be carried out suitable change and amendment by those skilled in the art in the invention.Therefore, the invention is not limited in detailed description of the invention disclosed and described above, should also be as some modifications and changes of the present invention falling in the scope of the claims of the present invention.Although additionally, employ some specific terms in this specification, but these terms are intended merely to convenient explanation, and the present invention does not constitute any restriction.
Claims (9)
1. a full solid state polymer lithium battery, including negative plate, positive plate and the full solid state polymer electrolyte film that is interval between negative plate and positive plate, described negative plate contains lithium alloy negative material, it is characterized in that: described lithium alloy negative material is the lithium alloy formed with one or more metals in K, Ru, Cs, Fr, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba by lithium, in lithium alloy, the mass content ratio of lithium metal is 70%～99.9%, and the mass content ratio sum of other metals is 0.1%～30%.
2. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described lithium alloy, the mass content ratio of lithium metal is 90%～99%, and the mass content ratio sum of other metals is 1%～10%.
3. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described lithium alloy is Li-Cs alloy.
4. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sheet metal that described full solid state polymer lithium battery is made using described lithium alloy is as negative plate, and lithium alloy uses simultaneously as negative active core-shell material and collector.
5. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described full solid state polymer electrolyte film includes possessing the polymer leading lithium ion ability and lithium salts；Wherein, one or more in polyether-based polymers, polyamine base polymer, polysulfide ether polymer of polymer；Lithium salts is selected from LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiCl、LiAlCl4、LiSbF6、LiSCN、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiTFSI、LiN(C4F9SO2)2、Li2B12F12, one or more in LiBOB.
6. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described positive plate includes plus plate current-collecting body and the positive electrode material layer being coated on plus plate current-collecting body.
7. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described plus plate current-collecting body is selected from rustless steel, nickel, copper, titanium, carbon, electroconductive resin and the copper sheet or the stainless steel substrates that are coated with nickel or titanium.
8. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described positive electrode material layer includes positive active material, conductive material and full solid state polymer electrolyte；Wherein, full solid state polymer electrolyte is identical with the composition of full solid state polymer electrolyte film；Positive active material is the metal-oxide containing lithium；Conductive material includes one or more in graphite, acetylene black, conductive fiber, metal dust, organic conductive polymer.
9. full solid state polymer lithium battery according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: positive active material includes cobalt acid lithium LCO, nickle cobalt lithium manganate NMC, V2O5、MnO2, LiMn2O4 LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 LFP, fluoride cobaltous sulfate lithium LiCoFSO4, vanadic acid nickel lithium LiNiVO4In one or more.
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