CN105739279B - Iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information - Google Patents
Iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information Download PDFInfo
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- CN105739279B CN105739279B CN201410766182.3A CN201410766182A CN105739279B CN 105739279 B CN105739279 B CN 105739279B CN 201410766182 A CN201410766182 A CN 201410766182A CN 105739279 B CN105739279 B CN 105739279B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information, and steps are as follows：1) sample surface is divided into unknown message region and Given information region, then sample to be imaged is placed on sample surface；2) coherent light is radiated on sample surface, so that irradiation light and sample the scattering light without sample is interfered in imager chip, forms hologram image；3) it is recorded hologram image strength information as primary iteration strength information by imager chip；4) it is iterated calculating：First the hologram image information of imager chip is propagated backward on sample surface, obtains sample surface sample message；Sample surface Given information is replaced again, obtains new sample information；New sample information is traveled on imager chip again, obtains new imager chip information；Imager chip Given information is replaced again, obtains new imager chip epigraph information；Iteration is repeated several times, finally obtains the sample image of imager chip.Inventive algorithm determines, applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to holographic imaging technical fields, more particularly to a kind of iterative reconstruction based on hologram intensity information
Imaging method.
Background technology
Optical microscopy imaging technology is widely used in the fields such as biomedicine, material, therefore light microscope is modern
The indispensable tool of science.Ordinary optical microscope generally comprises microcobjective, in addition eyepiece or imaging len put sample
Big imaging is on human eye or imager chip.For many years, microscopical basic structure does not change, and newest microtechnic
It is typically also the structure based on conventional microscope.Microcobjective is the core technology of conventional microscope, it must have larger
Numerical aperture needs to eliminate various aberrations to obtain the resolution ratio of micron and submicron order, and aberration etc. is good to obtain
Image quality.In order to reach these purposes, a good microcobjective is typically all well-designed compound lens group, cost compared with
It is high.Such as a high-end microcobjective price can reach thousands of dollars.
In recent years, for the needs for reducing micro-imaging cost and making portable system, lensless micro-imaging technique
Have become one of the hot spot of research.In no lens imaging technology, holographic imaging is a kind of important, with unique advantage side
Method.Holographic imaging technology has the history in many years, and current holographic imaging technology is usually to record holography using imager chip
Then image reconstructs image, the i.e. digital hologram imaging technique of sample by numerical computations.Holographic imaging can be divided into off-axis complete
Breath imaging and in-line holographic imaging.In off-axis gaussian beam imaging, there are one larger angles between reference light and sample light so that
Sample image and its twin image separate naturally in space when holographic reconstruction, so as to easily obtain the picture of sample.But due to
It needs to be separated reference light and sample light with light-splitting devices such as beam splitting chips, off-axis gaussian beam system is typically more complicated.In contrast,
In in-line holographic imaging, does not need to deliberately detach reference light and sample light, but be divided into naturally after light beam irradiating sample
The scattering light of sample and the reference light not interfered by sample.Therefore in-line holographic system is generally relatively simple.But in in-line holographic
In imaging, reference light and sample light direction are almost the same, and the sample image that can not be distinguished by space-wise when reconstructing is twin with its
Picture.When direct holographic reconstruction is imaged, sample image and its twin image will be superimposed and can not separate, to make sample image
Image quality is interfered by twin image.Especially when being imaged to scattering stronger sample, directly carried out using strength information
Holographic reconstruction will be unable to obtain satisfactory image quality.The solution of this problem is usually to obtain simultaneously in an experiment
The intensity and phase information of hologram, then reconstruct sample image by scalar diffraction theory, can fundamentally disappear in this way
Except the influence of twin image.
In recent years, some in-line holographic imaging techniques have successfully been developed and for being imaged.One kind as shown in Figure 1 is same
Axis holographic imaging technology, the laser that laser 1 generates in figure are radiated at by barn door 2 on sample 3, and image reconstructing method is
Directly diffraction propagation being carried out using the strength information of hologram and obtaining sample image on inductor 4, this method can not area
Divide sample image and its twin image, therefore there can be the ambient noise of its twin image diffraction in reconstructing the image come；This is to one
The sample (i.e. sample 3) of a little weak scatterings is applicable, because the twin image diffraction of weak scattering sample is weaker, is influenced on picture quality
Less；But to strong scattering sample, twin image diffraction is stronger, can seriously damage the quality of image.Therefore simply believed using intensity
The method of breath reconstruct can not be suitable for all situations.Another in-line holographic imaging technique as shown in Figure 2 is to utilize phase
The method that (phase shifter 5) is moved in displacement experimentally obtains the phase information of hologram, and imaging is reconstructed according to this；This success
The cost for eliminating the influence of twin image, but paying be more complicated realization phase shift as shown in Figure 2 experiment dress
It sets.
In view of the above circumstances, currently, some scientific research personnel transfer to how be used only hologram strength information and effectively
Algorithm obtain phase information, to avoid the complexity in imaging arrangement, these methods are generally based on iterative algorithm, utilize phase
Some Given informations except position go to correct iterative process, to make iteration convergence obtain phase information.One kind as shown in Figure 3
Using the in-line holographic imaging system of iterative reconstruction, the laser that laser 1 generates is collimated by collimator 6 and convex lens 7
To partially coherent light, light beam is incident on sample 3, and segment beam is scattered by sample 3, dry with the light beam without sample
It relates to, hologram is obtained to which luminous intensity information records on the image sensor.It rebuilds hologram and utilizes iterative algorithm：(1) it ties
Hologram intensity signal is closed to propagate backward to sample strip using scalar diffraction formula and obtain the information of sample；(2) it will obtain
Sample message is replaced with known portions sample message, obtains new sample message；(3) scalar diffraction formula is utilized, core is traveled to
It is unilateral, obtain information of the sample on sensor interface；(4) by light intensity generation known to the amplitude components hologram of sensor information
It replaces, obtains new sample in sensor position information；It constantly repeats the above steps, sample message is constantly restrained, you can weaken twin
The influence of raw picture, obtains satisfied reconstruct sample image.This method in iterative estimate the problem is that need to assume sample
Product have limited support (finite support), to obtain the Given information of sample, and need manually to set up one in the algorithm
A standard judges the location of this limited support, is usually to determine immovable location, therefore this method is only applicable to
With isolated sample message, such as autoblast sample, and continuous sample is not suitable for it, such as the boundary to connect together is not
Apparent sample.Additionally need it is artificial set up standard and judge that limited support also indicates that this algorithm is a kind of method of estimation, without
Being to determine property method, result are depended on and are manually entered and sample concrete condition.
In conclusion main problem existing for existing number in-line holographic reconstructing method is：(1) acquisition based on experiment
The method device of phase information is complex, is not suitable for compact imaging system；(2) iterative reconstruction algorithms based on limited support are
Estimation property method, dependent on artificial setting and sample concrete condition.The problem present on is constrained based on digital in-line holographic
The further development of the imaging method of reconstruct.
Invention content
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of scope of application
Extensively and make that imaging arrangement is simple, the high iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information of image quality, it is existing to overcome
There is the drawbacks described above of technology.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of iterative reconstruction imaging sides based on hologram intensity information
Method includes the following steps：
1) sample surface (9) is divided into the unknown message region (9b) for capableing of light transmission and the Given information region for being unable to light transmission
(9a), then sample to be imaged (9c) is placed on sample surface (9)；
2) coherent light is radiated on sample surface, makes the light of irradiation light and sample scattering without sample on imager chip
Interference forms hologram image；
3) it is recorded the strength information of hologram image as primary iteration strength information by imager chip, and imaging
The phase information of chip primary iteration is set as 0；
4) it is iterated calculating：
A, using scalar diffraction formula, by imager chip hologram image strength information and phase information propagate backward to
On the sample surface, the strength information on sample surface and phase information are obtained；
B, the collected Given information in Given information region on sample surface is replaced into the sample message obtained in a steps, obtained
To new sample surface strength information and phase information；
C, it by new sample surface strength information and phase information, is traveled on imager chip using scalar diffraction formula,
Obtain the strength information on new imager chip and phase information；
D, the Given information in the Given information region measured on imager chip is replaced to the sample obtained in step c believe
Breath, obtains the strength information on new imager chip and phase information；
Step a to step d is repeated several times, so that obtained light field is gradually restrained, finally obtains the sample on imager chip
Image.
Preferably, scalar diffraction formula step a, in step c is：
Wherein：X, y is two coordinates in imager chip face, and z is light direction of propagation coordinate, and x, y, z constitutes a three-dimensional
Spatial coordinate space；
I is imaginary unit, fx、fyThe coordinate of domain space is fourier transformed into for (x, y, z), U (x, y, z) is that time domain is empty
Between optical field distribution,For the optical field distribution of domain space.
Optionally, the shape in the unknown message region is circle.
Optionally, the shape in the unknown message region is grating shape.
Preferably, the imager chip is CMOS or CCD two-dimensional imaging chips.
Preferably, in step 4), the number of repetition of step a to step d is 100 times.
As described above, the iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information of the present invention, has below beneficial to effect
Fruit：
Algorithm determines, applied widely, can be used for various types of samples, including strong scattering and weak scattering sample, discrete
Sample and continuous sample can utilize the part Given information of sample surface to reconstruct entire sample image from its hologram, carry
The high validity of reconstruct imaging method；And make that imaging arrangement is simple, image quality is high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is shown as the in-line holographic imaging system schematic diagram of the prior art directly reconstructed based on strength information.
Fig. 2 is shown as the in-line holographic imaging system schematic diagram based on phase shift of the prior art.
Fig. 3 is shown as the in-line holographic imaging system schematic diagram based on iterative reconstruction of the prior art.
Fig. 4 is shown as the imaging system of the iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information applied to the present invention
Schematic diagram.
It is circular sample surface schematic diagram that Fig. 5, which is shown as unknown message region,.
Fig. 6 is shown as the sample surface schematic diagram that unknown message region is grating shape.
Component label instructions
1 laser, 2 barn door
3 sample, 4 inductor
5 phase shifter, 6 collimator
7 convex lens, 8 imager chip
The sample surface 9a Given informations region of 9 samples to be imaged
10 light source of 9b unknown messages region
Specific implementation mode
Illustrate that embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be by this explanations by particular specific embodiment below
Content disclosed by book understands other advantages and effect of the present invention easily.
It please refers to Fig.1 to Fig. 6.It should be clear that structure, ratio, size etc. depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings, only to
Coordinate the revealed content of specification, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, being not limited to the present invention can be real
The qualifications applied, therefore do not have technical essential meaning, the tune of the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or size
It is whole, in the case where not influencing the effect of present invention can be generated and the purpose that can reach, should all still fall in disclosed skill
Art content obtains in the range of capable of covering.Meanwhile in this specification it is cited as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and
The term of " one " etc. is merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness
It is altered or modified, in the case where changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
Or the in-line holographic imaging technique in view of the prior art is poor to the image quality of strong scattering sample, it is only used for weak
Scatter sample；Imaging arrangement is complicated；Keep imaging arrangement simple using iterative algorithm and makes regardless of strong scattering sample also
Be weak scattering sample image quality it is all good, but be only used for the imaging of discrete isolated sample, be not suitable for continuous sample.
The present inventor designs a kind of iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information, keeps imaging arrangement simple,
And it is applied widely, it is not only applicable to weak scattering sample, applies also for strong scattering sample, is not only applicable to discrete samples, it is also suitable
For continuous sample.
Below by by specific embodiment come to the present invention the iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information
It is described in detail.
A kind of iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information, includes the following steps：
1) as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, sample surface 9 is divided into the unknown message region 9b for capableing of light transmission and be unable to light transmission
Know information area 9a, then sample 9c to be imaged is placed on sample surface 9；
2) as shown in figure 4, by coherent light (such as through expand rear laser or through small holes improve coherence other
The light of light source such as LED) it is radiated on sample surface 9, make the light of irradiation light and sample scattering without sample on imager chip 8
Interference forms hologram image；
3) recorded the strength information of hologram image as primary iteration strength information by imager chip 8, and at
As the phase information of chip primary iteration is set as 0；
4) it is iterated calculating using G-S algorithms：
A, using scalar diffraction formula, by imager chip 8 hologram image strength information and phase information backpropagation
Onto the sample surface 9, the strength information on sample surface 9 and phase information are obtained, the strength information on the sample surface 9 includes
The strength information of the strength information and the unknown message region parts 9b of the Given information region parts 9a, the phase on the sample surface 9
Position information includes the phase information of the phase information and the unknown message region parts 9b of the Given information region parts 9a；
B, by the (strength information 0, because of Given information region of the collected Given information in Given information region on sample surface 9
It is unable to light transmission) strength information of replacing the Given information region parts 9a on obtained sample surface 9 in a steps, obtain new sample
The strength information and phase information of unknown message region 9b on face 9；
C, it by new sample surface strength information and phase information, is traveled on imager chip 8 using scalar diffraction formula,
The strength information on new imager chip 8 and phase information are obtained, the strength information on the imager chip 8 includes Given information
The strength information of the strength information and the unknown message region parts 9b of the region parts 9a, the phase information on the imager chip 8
The phase information of phase information and the unknown message region parts 9b including the Given information region parts 9a；
D, by the Given information in the Given information region measured on imager chip 8 (strength information 0, because of known letter
Breath region is unable to light transmission) strength information of replacing the Given information region parts 9a on obtained imager chip 8 in step c, it obtains
The strength information and phase information of unknown message region 9b on new imager chip 8；
Step a to step d is repeated several times, so that obtained light field is gradually restrained, finally obtains the sample on imager chip 8
Image.
The technical staff in the field knows that there are many kinds of scalar diffraction formula, the scalar in step a of the present invention, step c
Diffraction formula is taken as：
In the above scalar diffraction formula：X, y be imager chip face two coordinates, z be light direction of propagation coordinate, x,
Y, z constitutes a 3 D stereo coordinate space；
I is imaginary unit, fx、fyThe coordinate of domain space is fourier transformed into for (x, y, z), U (x, y, z) is that time domain is empty
Between optical field distribution,For the optical field distribution of domain space.
As shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, the shape of the unknown message region 9b can be set as round, can also be set as grating shape,
It is of course also possible to be other shapes.
When the shape in unknown message region is set as circle, it is suitable for discrete isolated sample and is imaged；When unknown message area
When the shape in domain is set as grating shape, it is not only applicable to discrete isolated sample imaging, applies also for the imaging of continuity sample, continuously
Property sample imaging method be：Sample is placed on sample surface first, unknown message is realized using the imaging method of the present invention
The imaging of sample in region, then mobile example make sample not yet imaging moiety in unknown message region and imaging moiety
It is moved to Given information region, recycles the imaging method of the present invention that the unimaged part of the sample in unknown message region is made to be implemented as
The imaging of all sites is superimposed, that is, is formed continuous by picture, multiple mobile example, the imaging of the final all sites for realizing sample
Property sample imaging.
CMOS two-dimensional imagings chip or CCD two-dimensional imaging chips may be used in the imager chip 8.
The number of repetition that the present invention iterates to calculate is preferably set to 100 times, to ensure image quality height, naturally it is also possible to be set as
100 times or more, then it is imaged more accurate, image quality meeting higher；If be set as 100 times hereinafter, usually reach 30 times,
Preferable iteration convergence effect can be reached, clearly imaging effect is compared in acquirement.
As shown in figure 4, the imaging process of the present invention does not need lens, used imaging system (for example is swashed by light source 10
Light device, or using through small holes improve coherence LED etc.), place sample surface 9 (can be the glass slide of simple microscope)
Specimen holder, imager chip 8 (can be CMOS or CCD two-dimensional imagings chip) and peripheral circuit constitute, peripheral circuit carries
For Image Acquisition, processing, display and store function, structure is very simple.The present invention is by the intensity pattern of in-line holographic to sample
Product image is reconstructed, and sample is generally these strong scatterings such as biomedical samples, such as blood, saliva, cell, continuity sample
Product.
In conclusion the iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information of the present invention, first by Given information
Region and unknown message region are decided, and iterative algorithm is made to determine, are avoided each iterative calculation in the prior art and are required for
The problem of dyscalculia caused by manually setting up standard is to be only applicable to discrete isolated sample imaging, it is thus also avoided that imaging misses
Difference makes image quality height.The present invention both can be adapted for the imaging of weak scattering sample, be readily applicable to the imaging of strong scattering sample,
Both it can be adapted for discrete isolated sample imaging, and the imaging of continuity sample be readily applicable to, to applied widely.This hair
The bright iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information, also makes that imaging system is simple in structure, deployment cost is low, to
It can be suitable for compact imaging system.So the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming in the prior art and has high industrial
Utility value.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology can all carry out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of iterative reconstruction imaging method based on hologram intensity information, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) sample surface (9) is divided into the unknown message region (9b) for capableing of light transmission and the Given information region for being unable to light transmission
(9a), then sample to be imaged (9c) is placed on sample surface (9)；
2) coherent light is radiated on sample surface (9), makes the light of irradiation light and sample scattering without sample in imager chip (8)
Upper interference forms hologram image；
3) it is recorded the strength information of hologram image as primary iteration strength information by imager chip (8), and imaging
The phase information of chip primary iteration is set as 0；
4) it is iterated calculating：
A, using scalar diffraction formula, by imager chip (8) hologram image strength information and phase information propagate backward to
On the sample surface (9), the strength information on sample surface (9) and phase information are obtained；
B, the collected Given information in Given information region on sample surface (9) is replaced into the sample message obtained in a steps, obtained
New sample surface strength information and phase information；
C, it by new sample surface strength information and phase information, is traveled on imager chip (8), is obtained using scalar diffraction formula
Strength information on to new imager chip and phase information；
D, the Given information in the Given information region measured on imager chip is replaced to the sample message obtained in step c,
Obtain the strength information on new imager chip and phase information；
Step a to step d is repeated several times, so that obtained light field is gradually restrained, finally obtains the sample drawing on imager chip (8)
Picture；
Step a, the scalar diffraction formula in step c is：
Here,
Wherein：X, y is two coordinates in imager chip face, and z is light direction of propagation coordinate, and x, y, z constitutes a 3 D stereo
Coordinate space；
I is imaginary unit, fx、fyThe coordinate of domain space is fourier transformed into for (x, y, z), U (x, y, z) is time domain space
Optical field distribution,For the optical field distribution of domain space.
2. the iterative reconstruction imaging method according to claim 1 based on hologram intensity information, it is characterised in that：It is described
The shape in unknown message region (9b) is circle.
3. the iterative reconstruction imaging method according to claim 1 based on hologram intensity information, it is characterised in that：It is described
The shape in unknown message region (9b) is grating shape.
4. the iterative reconstruction imaging method according to claim 1 based on hologram intensity information, it is characterised in that：It is described
Imager chip (8) is CMOS or CCD two-dimensional imaging chips.
5. the iterative reconstruction imaging method according to claim 1 based on hologram intensity information, it is characterised in that：Step
4) in, the number of repetition of step a to step d is 100 times.
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| CN106442412B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-01-29 | 上海交通大学 | Utilize the imaging method of the in-line holographic imaging system of super-resolution algorithms |
| CN108364266B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2021-11-30 | 重庆大学 | Flow path structure removing method for cell holographic reconstruction observation by using microfluidic chip |
| CN108508588B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-11-15 | 南京大学 | A kind of multiple constraint information without lens holographic microphotography phase recovery method and its device |
| CN111189828B (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-12-22 | 北京大学 | Rotary lens-free pixel super-resolution imaging system and imaging method thereof |
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