CN105734607A - High temperature solid oxide electrolytic bath with double-layer composite interlayer - Google Patents
High temperature solid oxide electrolytic bath with double-layer composite interlayer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021526 gadolinium-doped ceria Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910002713 Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002132 La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002131 La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002130 La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002119 nickel–yttria stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910014031 strontium zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种具有双层复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池，其特征是在阳极与电解质之间引入稀土与过渡金属氧化物构成的复合隔层，从而改进了高温固体氧化物电解池阳极/电解质界面的化学兼容性。The invention relates to a high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell with a double-layer composite interlayer, which is characterized in that a composite interlayer composed of rare earth and transition metal oxide is introduced between the anode and the electrolyte, thereby improving the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell Chemical compatibility at the anode/electrolyte interface.
背景技术Background technique
高温固体氧化物电解池是一种运行在中高温(600～800℃)的电解设备，得益于其较高的工作温度，可以高效地将水蒸气电解制得氢气与氧气。目前固体氧化物电解池的设计基本上沿用已有的固体氧化物燃料电池体系，其典型配置采用金属镍与氧化钇稳定的氧化锆的复合金属陶瓷材料(Ni-YSZ)作阴极，氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)作电解质，钙钛矿型氧化物作阳极。其中决定整体电解效率的速控步骤是阳极的析氧反应，因此为了实现高效电解，使用高催化活性的La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ或Ba1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ是必要条件。然而，这类高活性钙钛矿型阳极材料直接与氧化锆电解质相接触时，其中的Sr元素很容易与Zr形成SrZrO3这类高电阻物质，影响电池性能与寿命。传统的解决方法是用钆掺杂的氧化铈(GDC)作中间层隔离含Sr电极与含Zr电解质，该方法能够延缓Sr的扩散，但对GDC中间层的致密性要求很高，需要使用物理气相沉积等技术，导致制备成本攀升。因此，在使用GDC作为被动防护的方式隔离Sr元素以外，还需要在其上引入一些新的元素进行功能改性，使其具备主动与Sr发生反应转化，并再度形成活性物质的作用，从而提高电极/电解质界面的稳定性。The high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell is an electrolytic device operating at a medium-high temperature (600-800°C). Thanks to its high operating temperature, it can efficiently electrolyze water vapor to produce hydrogen and oxygen. At present, the design of solid oxide electrolytic cells basically follows the existing solid oxide fuel cell system, and its typical configuration uses a composite cermet material (Ni-YSZ) of metal nickel and yttria-stabilized zirconia as the cathode, and yttria-stabilized zirconia The zirconia (YSZ) is used as the electrolyte, and the perovskite oxide is used as the anode. The rate-controlling step that determines the overall electrolysis efficiency is the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode, so in order to achieve high-efficiency electrolysis, use La 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3-δ or Ba 1-x Sr x with high catalytic activity Co 1-y Fe y O 3-δ is a necessary condition. However, when this type of highly active perovskite-type anode material is directly in contact with the zirconia electrolyte, the Sr element in it can easily form high-resistance substances such as SrZrO 3 with Zr, which affects the performance and life of the battery. The traditional solution is to use gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC) as an interlayer to separate the Sr-containing electrode from the Zr-containing electrolyte. This method can delay the diffusion of Sr, but it requires a high density of the GDC interlayer and requires the use of physical Technologies such as vapor deposition lead to rising production costs. Therefore, in addition to using GDC as a passive protection method to isolate Sr elements, it is also necessary to introduce some new elements on it for functional modification, so that they can actively react with Sr and form active substances again, thereby improving Stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服现有高温固体氧化物电解池使用含Sr的La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ或Ba1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ高性能阳极易与含Zr的YSZ反应生成高电阻物质SrZrO3的问题，本发明提供了一种具有双层复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池。In order to overcome the existing high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cells using Sr-containing La 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3-δ or Ba 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3-δ high-performance anodes It is very easy to react with Zr-containing YSZ to generate high-resistance substance SrZrO3 . The invention provides a high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell with a double-layer composite interlayer.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的方案是：The scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem adopts is:
一种具有双层复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池，所述电解池由阴极层、电解质层、双层复合隔层、阳极层构成，双层复合隔层位于阳极层与电解质层之间，双层复合隔层中靠近电解质的一层为稀土金属氧化物，靠近阳极的一层为过渡金属氧化物，双层复合隔层能捕捉阳极中易扩散的元素，并与易扩散的元素反应形成新的催化活性物质，从而减少易扩散元素对电解质的侵蚀。A high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell with a double-layer composite interlayer, the electrolytic cell is composed of a cathode layer, an electrolyte layer, a double-layer composite interlayer, and an anode layer, and the double-layer composite interlayer is located between the anode layer and the electrolyte layer , the layer close to the electrolyte in the double-layer composite spacer is a rare earth metal oxide, and the layer close to the anode is a transition metal oxide. The double-layer composite spacer can capture easily diffused elements in the anode and react with the easily diffused elements Form new catalytically active species, thereby reducing the erosion of the electrolyte by easily diffusible elements.
本发明中稀土金属氧化物为Ce、Sm、Gd的氧化物中的一种或二种以上组成；所述的过渡金属氧化物为Ti、Fe、Co、Cu中的一种或二种以上组成。In the present invention, the rare earth metal oxide is composed of one or more than two kinds of oxides of Ce, Sm, and Gd; the transition metal oxide is composed of one or more than two kinds of Ti, Fe, Co, and Cu. .
本发明的双层复合隔层中，过渡金属氧化物所占比重为10％～80％。In the double-layer composite interlayer of the present invention, the proportion of transition metal oxide is 10%-80%.
本发明中双层复合隔层的厚度为1～10微米，优选厚度为1～5微米。The thickness of the double-layer composite interlayer in the present invention is 1-10 microns, preferably 1-5 microns.
本发明中电解质层为氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)；阳极层为La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ或Ba1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ(0<x<1，0<y<1，-0.10≤δ≤0.5)类型的钙钛矿材料。In the present invention, the electrolyte layer is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ); the anode layer is La 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3-δ or Ba 1-x Sr x Co 1-y Fe y O 3 -δ (0<x<1, 0<y<1, -0.10≤δ≤0.5) type perovskite materials.
本发明中双层复合隔层的具体制备方法如下：The concrete preparation method of double-layer composite interlayer among the present invention is as follows:
(1)将复合隔层中所需的稀土金属氧化物与过渡金属氧化物所对应的硝酸盐按比例配制成溶液，以碳酸钠溶液滴定沉淀后，老化、抽滤并干燥；(1) the required rare earth metal oxide in the composite interlayer and the nitrate corresponding to the transition metal oxide are formulated into a solution in proportion, after titration and precipitation with sodium carbonate solution, aging, suction filtration and drying;
(2)将所得沉淀研磨破碎后，于500～800℃热处理2～6小时；(2) After grinding and crushing the obtained precipitate, heat treatment at 500-800° C. for 2-6 hours;
(3)将所得粉末分散于正丁醇与PVA体系中，并以超声震荡混合30～60小时；(3) Disperse the obtained powder in n-butanol and PVA system, and mix with ultrasonic vibration for 30-60 hours;
(4)将硬币状电解池基片安装在旋转涂覆装置上，控制转速为500～3000rpm；(4) Install the coin-shaped electrolytic cell substrate on the rotary coating device, and control the rotating speed at 500-3000rpm;
(5)取分散液，按照所需的复合隔层厚度，相应地滴1～10滴于电解质上；(5) Take the dispersion, and drop 1 to 10 drops on the electrolyte according to the required thickness of the composite interlayer;
(6)将涂覆后的电解池基片于室温干燥后，在500～1200℃下焙烧1～10小时，焙烧后稀土金属氧化物与过渡金属氧化物自动分为上下两层；(6) After the coated electrolytic cell substrate is dried at room temperature, it is roasted at 500-1200°C for 1-10 hours, and the rare earth metal oxide and transition metal oxide are automatically divided into upper and lower layers after roasting;
(7)将阳极浆料涂覆在焙烧后的修饰层上，在500～1500℃下焙烧1～10小时，即获得本发明所述的具有双层复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池。(7) Coating the anode slurry on the baked modified layer and firing at 500-1500° C. for 1-10 hours to obtain the high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell with double-layer composite interlayer of the present invention.
本发明的有益效果是，所述的复合隔层能捕捉阳极中易扩散反应的元素，并与其反应形成新的催化活性物质，从而减少其对电解质的侵蚀。经该方法改进后的阳极/电解质界面具有更小的电阻，电解池呈现出更高的稳定性。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the composite separator can capture the easily diffused and reacted elements in the anode, and react with them to form new catalytically active substances, thereby reducing their erosion on the electrolyte. The anode/electrolyte interface improved by this method has lower resistance, and the electrolytic cell exhibits higher stability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为改变过渡金属氧化物在复合隔层中的比例对电解池工作性能造成的改变。Figure 1 shows the change of the working performance of the electrolytic cell caused by changing the proportion of the transition metal oxide in the composite interlayer.
图2为具有双层复合隔层的电解池的截面结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an electrolytic cell with a double-layer composite partition.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1Example 1
选择Co3O4与GDC复合Selection of Co 3 O 4 to compound with GDC
(1)将Co(NO3)2与Ce(NO3)3、Gd(NO3)3按金属离子摩尔比例10:8:2配制成溶液，以1M碳酸钠溶液滴定沉淀后，老化、抽滤并干燥；(1) Co(NO 3 ) 2 , Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , Gd(NO 3 ) 3 were formulated into a solution according to the metal ion molar ratio of 10:8:2, and after titration and precipitation with 1M sodium carbonate solution, aging, pumping filtered and dried;
(2)将所得沉淀研磨破碎后，于500℃热处理2小时；(2) After grinding and crushing the obtained precipitate, heat treatment at 500° C. for 2 hours;
(3)将所得粉末分散于正丁醇与PVA体系中(按照1:40比例)，并以超声震荡混合30小时；(3) Disperse the obtained powder in n-butanol and PVA system (according to 1:40 ratio), and mix with ultrasonic vibration for 30 hours;
(4)将硬币状电解池基片安装在旋转涂覆装置上，控制转速为3000rpm；(4) The coin-shaped electrolytic cell substrate is installed on the rotary coating device, and the control speed is 3000rpm;
(5)取分散液，按照所需的厚度，相应地滴2滴于电解质上；(5) Take the dispersion, and drop 2 drops on the electrolyte according to the required thickness;
(6)将涂覆后的电解池基片于室温干燥后，在500℃下焙烧2小时；(6) After drying the coated electrolytic cell substrate at room temperature, bake it at 500° C. for 2 hours;
(7)将La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阳极浆料涂覆在焙烧后的修饰层上，在1000℃下焙烧2小时，即获得本发明所述的具有功能性复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池。(7) Coating the La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ anode slurry on the modified layer after firing, and firing at 1000°C for 2 hours to obtain the functional composite interlayer of the present invention High temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell.
实施例2Example 2
电化学性能测试：将上述含有Co3O4的GDC复合功能隔层固体氧化物电解池安装在电化学性能评价设备上进行测试。控制阴极气氛为50％H2-50％H2O，流量200ml/min，阳极气氛为100％O2，流量100ml/min。图1为双层复合隔层含有不同质量比的Co3O4的电解池在上述工况下的极化曲线。含Co3O4较高的电解池性能亦较高，当测试温度为800℃时，0.2V偏压下电流密度可达到550mA/cm2，相当于每制取1立方米氢气消耗约3kWh电能。Electrochemical performance test: The above-mentioned GDC composite functional barrier solid oxide electrolytic cell containing Co 3 O 4 was installed on the electrochemical performance evaluation equipment for testing. The cathode atmosphere is controlled to be 50% H 2 -50% H 2 O, the flow rate is 200ml/min, and the anode atmosphere is 100% O 2 , the flow rate is 100ml/min. Figure 1 shows the polarization curves of an electrolytic cell with a double-layer composite interlayer containing Co 3 O 4 in different mass ratios under the above working conditions. The performance of the electrolytic cell with higher Co 3 O 4 content is also higher. When the test temperature is 800°C, the current density can reach 550mA/cm 2 under the bias voltage of 0.2V, which is equivalent to the consumption of about 3kWh of electric energy per 1 cubic meter of hydrogen produced. .
实施例3Example 3
选择Fe3O4与GDC复合Select Fe3O4 to compound with GDC
(1)将Fe(NO3)3与Ce(NO3)3、Gd(NO3)3按金属离子摩尔比例10:8:2配制成溶液，以1M碳酸钠溶液滴定沉淀后，老化、抽滤并干燥；(1) Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , Gd(NO 3 ) 3 were formulated into a solution according to the metal ion molar ratio of 10:8:2, and after titration and precipitation with 1M sodium carbonate solution, aging, pumping filtered and dried;
(2)将所得沉淀研磨破碎后，于500℃热处理2小时；(2) After grinding and crushing the obtained precipitate, heat treatment at 500° C. for 2 hours;
(3)将所得粉末分散于正丁醇与PVA体系中(按照1:40比例)，并以超声震荡混合30小时；(3) Disperse the obtained powder in n-butanol and PVA system (according to 1:40 ratio), and mix with ultrasonic vibration for 30 hours;
(4)将硬币状电解池基片安装在旋转涂覆装置上，控制转速为3000rpm；(4) The coin-shaped electrolytic cell substrate is installed on the rotary coating device, and the control speed is 3000rpm;
(5)取分散液，按照所需的厚度，相应地滴2滴于电解质上；(5) Take the dispersion, and drop 2 drops on the electrolyte according to the required thickness;
(6)将涂覆后的电解池基片于室温干燥后，在500℃下焙烧2小时；(6) After drying the coated electrolytic cell substrate at room temperature, bake it at 500° C. for 2 hours;
(7)将Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阳极浆料涂覆在焙烧后的修饰层上，在1000℃下焙烧2小时，即获得本发明所述的具有功能性复合隔层的高温固体氧化物电解池。(7) Coating the Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ anode slurry on the modified layer after firing, and firing at 1000°C for 2 hours to obtain the functional composite interlayer of the present invention High temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell.
实施例4Example 4
电化学性能测试：将上述含有Fe3O4的GDC复合功能隔层固体氧化物电解池安装在电化学性能评价设备上进行测试。控制阴极气氛为50％H2-50％H2O，流量200ml/min，阳极气氛为100％O2，流量100ml/min。双层复合隔层中Fe3O4的质量比为50％时，当测试温度为800℃时，0.2V偏压下，电解池的电流密度可达到500mA/cm2。Electrochemical performance test: The above-mentioned GDC composite functional barrier solid oxide electrolytic cell containing Fe 3 O 4 was installed on the electrochemical performance evaluation equipment for testing. The cathode atmosphere is controlled to be 50% H 2 -50% H 2 O, the flow rate is 200ml/min, and the anode atmosphere is 100% O 2 , the flow rate is 100ml/min. When the mass ratio of Fe 3 O 4 in the double-layer composite interlayer is 50%, when the test temperature is 800°C, the current density of the electrolytic cell can reach 500mA/cm 2 under the bias voltage of 0.2V.
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