CN105727824B - A kind of stimulating responsive surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of stimulating responsive surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of stimulating responsive surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism, belong to Colloid and interface chemistry field.This stimulating responsive surfactant granules are made up of non-modified nanometer silicon dioxide particle and carboxybetaine class both sexes Amphi-pathic compound, wherein the primary particle diameter of particle is 10 200nm, concentration is mass fraction 0.1%~2.0% (on the basis of aqueous phase), and the concentration of carboxybetaine class both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is 0.01 to 1.0 times (on the basis of aqueous phases) of its critical micelle concentration.Both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is changed into cation in acidic aqueous media, negatively charged particle surface is adsorbed onto by electrostatic interaction, make particle surface original position hydrophobization and there is surface-active, and in weak alkaline medium, both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is in electroneutral, electrostatic interaction is released, and both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is desorbed from particle surface, and particle loses surface-active.Therefore by changing the pH value of aqueous phase particle can be made to have surface-active and without being circulated between surface-active.
Description
Technical field
A kind of stimulation-response surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism, belong to Colloid and interface chemistry field.
Background technology
Emulsification and demulsification are all extremely important in daily life field and industry and technical field.For example, some products are as eaten
The inherently emulsion such as product, cosmetics, pesticidal preparations, it is desirable to keep stable, and on the other hand, some emulsion such as crude oil
Emulsion is then not intended to its stabilization, and requires fast emulsion breaking.Also some occasions, it is desirable to which emulsion keeps temporary stabilization, that is, exists
Keep stable in certain period of time, then require demulsification.Such as in emulsion polymerization, require that emulsion is kept in polymerization stage
It is stable, but after completion of the polymerization reaction, then require that emulsion is demulsified rapidly, smoothly to collect product；Conveyed in emulsified crude oil
During, crude oil emulsion will keep stable, but require demulsification after arriving at, and this has just expedited the emergence of a kind of new emulsion：
Switch property emulsion or stimulation-response emulsion.Here switch property emulsion and stimulation-response emulsion difference be,
The former reversibly returns to original state after open and close circulation, and the latter returns to original state with being then unable to completely reversibility,
Such as need constantly to add other materials into system in cyclic process.
The formation of switch property or stimulation-response emulsion depends on the research and development of switch property or stimulation-response emulsifying agent.
Usual emulsion surfactant or polymer stabilizing, therefore in order to obtain switch property or stimulation-response emulsion,
People are directed to the research and development of switch property or stimulation-response surfactant.Occur a variety of switches successively in recent years
Or stimulation-response surfactant, trigger mechanism include pH, temperature, oxidationreduction, light, magnetic, and CO2/N2Deng with pH
Also had been reported that for the polymer of trigger mechanism.But thermodynamics shakiness is belonged to by the emulsion of surfactant or polymer stabilizing
It is of a relatively high to determine the concentration of system, less stable, and surfactant, is typically greater than its critical micelle concentration
(cmc)。
In recent years, surfactant granules are attract attention, and they can be adsorbed in oil/water interface or air/water
Interface, formed and arrange close membrana granulosa, prevent the coalescence of liquid pearl or bubble.This emulsion stable by surfactant granules
It is referred to as Pickering emulsion and Pickering foams with foam, typically with superstability, can maintains a long-term stability.
Certainly, on the other hand their demulsification or defoaming are also relatively difficult.Therefore, prepare with switch property or stimulation-response
Pickering emulsion and Pickering foams just have important theory significance and application value.Obviously this depends on exploitation
Surfactant granules with switch property or stimulation-response.
Recent study personnel have developed a series of colloidal solids with switch property or stimulation-response, and it is touched
Hair mechanism includes pH, temperature, oxidationreduction, light, magnetic, CO2/N2Deng.But this kind of colloidal solid is mostly functional polymer
Grain, it synthesizes or prepared complex.
It was found that common inorganic nano particle can be acted on by hydrophobization in situ to become table in previous research
Face active particle, so as to which for stablizing Pickering emulsion (ZL200710025992.3), its principle is inorganic nano
Grain is typically powered in aqueous medium, such as silica dioxide granule surface in aqueous medium is negatively charged, it is thus possible to passes through
(wherein alkyl chain length is C to the ionic Amphi-pathic compound of electrostatic interaction absorption oppositely charged12~C18Amphi-pathic compound practise
Be referred to as surfactant on used), Amphi-pathic compound with powered head base towards particle surface, alkyl chain towards water, in particle
Surface forms monolayer, so as to significantly improve the hydrophobicity of particle surface, that is, causes originally strong hydrophilic (no surface-active)
Inorganic nanoparticles become that part is hydrophilic, amphiphilic particle of part oleophylic, so as to have surface-active, can be adsorbed onto
Oil/water interface or water/Air Interface.On this basis, it has been found that if allowing a kind of switch of nanometer silicon dioxide particle absorption
Property cationic surfactant, such as a kind of there is CO2/N2The acid amidine bicarbonate surfactant of trigger mechanism, then surface
The switch of activating agent can be transferred on particle, silica dioxide granule is become the surfactant granules with switch property,
So as to for preparing switch property Pickering emulsion (ZL 201310260158.8) and foam, and switch property surface-active
The concentration of agent only needs (0.01~1.0) cmc.
But CO2/N2The preparation of switch property surfactant is still complex, and this CO2/N2Live on switch property surface
The trigger condition of property particle is more harsh.
The present invention attempts to substitute CO with common Amphi-pathic compound2/N2Switch property surfactant with obtain have stimulate-
The surfactant granules of response.They are both sexes Amphi-pathic compounds, such as carboxybetaine and carboxylic acid type amino acid.It is this kind of double
Both contain cation group (quaternary ammonium group or amino) in close compound molecule, contain anionic group (carboxyl) again, institute's band
Electric charge is relevant with the pH value of medium (being usually water).In isoelectric point or isoelectric zone, cation group and anionic group band respectively
Positive charge and negative electrical charge, molecule are in electroneutral, but when pH is less than isoelectric point or isoelectric zone, cation group is positively charged and cloudy
Ionic group is not charged, and molecule is in cation, and when pH is more than isoelectric point or isoelectric zone, anionic group is negatively charged, sun
Ionic group positively charged (glycine betaine) or not charged (amino acid), molecule are in anion or electroneutral.Then when molecule is in sun
During ionic condition, they can make the negatively charged inorganic nanoparticles in surface such as silica dioxide granule original position hydrophobization, be changed into table
Face active particle, and when molecule is in electroneutral or anionic state, hydrophobization effect contact in situ can then be pierced
Swash-response surfactant granules, quick response can be realized by being less than in pH in the range of 5.0 and pH is more than 8.5, so that phase
Pass technology has more practicality.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of thorn based on inorganic nano silica dioxide granule and both sexes Amphi-pathic compound
Swash-response surfactant granules, its surface-active has pH stimulations-response, available for preparation stimulation-response
Pickering emulsion.
Technical scheme
A kind of stimulation-response surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism, belong to Colloid and interface chemistry field.This
Kind stimulation-response surfactant granules are made up of nanometer silicon dioxide particle and both sexes Amphi-pathic compound.Wherein nanometer two
Silicon oxide particle is the general goods nanometer silicon dioxide particle without any modification, and primary particle diameter is 10-200nm, and use is dense
Spend for mass fraction 0.1%~2.0% (on the basis of aqueous phase), wherein being optimal with 0.5~1.0%.Both sexes Amphi-pathic compound
It is double including single-long-chain alkyl dimethyl carboxybetaine, double long-chain alkyl methyl carboxybetaine, single-long-chain alkyl alanine
The carbon number of chain alkyl alanine, wherein chain alkyl is 8~18.The concentration of both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is faced for it
0.01~1.0 times (on the basis of aqueous phase) of boundary's micellar concentration (cmc), is optimal using (0.1~1.0) cmc.It is first that both sexes are double
Close compound is dissolved in water, and then inorganic nanoparticles are scattered in the aqueous solution.Hydrochloric acid is added into system at room temperature
(HCl) solution, the pH value for reducing aqueous phase are extremely less than the isoelectric point Huo Dengdian areas of both sexes Amphi-pathic compound, generally pH=3~5,
Both sexes Amphi-pathic compound is changed into cationic Amphi-pathic compound, inorganic nanoparticles surface be adsorbed onto by hydrogen bond action,
Make particle in-situ hydrophobization, become surfactant granules, can act as Pickering emulsifying agents, prepare overstable O/W types
Pickering emulsion.Alkali (NaOH) solution is added into system again, the pH value of system is elevated above isoelectric point or is waited electricity
Area, generally pH=9~10 (betaines) and pH>5.8 (amino acidses), then both sexes Amphi-pathic compound be changed into anionic
Or amphoteric, its electrostatic interaction between particle surface negative electrical charge weaken or disappeared, Amphi-pathic compound is desorbed from particle surface,
Particle surface recovers strongly hydrophilic and loses surface-active, causes Pickering emulsion breakdowns.But system ought be reduced again
During pH value, electrostatic interaction recovers, and particle recovers surface-active, the Pickering that system and can after emulsifying is stablized
Emulsion.This Pickering emulsus using pH as stimulation-response surfactant granules of trigger mechanism and by its stabilization
Liquid, can repeatedly it be circulated between " having surface-active " and " no surface-active " and " stabilization " and " unstable ".Wherein use
The concentration of acid-base solution be (0.01~0.1mol/L), unlikely notable shadow seldom with the amount of solution added when ensureing and adjusting pH
Ring the volume of solution.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The present invention has obtained a kind of surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism, available for prepare overstable stimulation-
Response Pickering emulsion.This surfactant granules sensitive to pH and the Pickering emulsion by its stabilization
Open and close can be realized in the range of pH≤5 and pH >=9.And this table stimulation-responsive particles sensitive to pH are by common business
Product inorganic nanoparticles and general goods both sexes Amphi-pathic compound are formed, and avoid the complicated switch surfactant of synthesis
It is more with practical value with switch sexual function polymeric particles.
Brief description of the drawings
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs (a) of Fig. 1 nanometer silicon dioxide particles (HL-200) and zeta current potentials with pH value variation diagram
(b)。
Nanometer silicon dioxide particle (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and dodecyl under Fig. 2 difference aqueous pH values
Dimethyl carboxybetaine (C12B)(6×10-5Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing n-decane/water (O/W) emulsion
Outward appearance photo, 1 day (A), 7 days (B), three months (C) are shot afterwards after preparation.Aqueous pH values are from 1 to 9：5.71,5.43,5.20,
4.88,4.56,4.30,3.96,3.60,3.41。
Nanometer silicon dioxide particle (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and dodecyl under Fig. 3 difference aqueous pH values
Dimethyl carboxybetaine (6 × 10-5Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing n-decane/water (O/W) emulsion it is micro-
Photo (corresponds to Fig. 2), prepares 1 day (A-3 to A-9) and three months (C-3 to C-9) and shoots afterwards.Aqueous pH values (3,6,9)：
5.20,4.30,3.41。
Fig. 4 nanometer silicon dioxide particles (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl beet
Alkali (6 × 10-5Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing n-decane/water (O/W) emulsion experience aqueous pH values change (add
HCl the and NaOH aqueous solution) induction emulsification-demulsification repeatedly circulation after outward appearance and microphoto, emulsification 1 day after shoot, be demulsified
Shot after 30min.
Fig. 5 nanometer silicon dioxide particles (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl beet
Alkali (2 × 10-4Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing n-decane/water (O/W) emulsion experience aqueous pH values change (add
HCl the and NaOH aqueous solution) induction emulsification-demulsification repeatedly circulation after outward appearance and microphoto, emulsification 1 day after shoot, be demulsified
Shot after 30min.
Fig. 6 nanometer silicon dioxide particles (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl beet
Alkali (6 × 10-5Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing toluene/water (O/W) emulsion experience aqueous pH values change (add
HCl the and NaOH aqueous solution) induction emulsification-demulsification circulation outward appearance photo, emulsification shoots after 1 day, shot after the 30min that is demulsified.
Fig. 7 nanometer silicon dioxide particles (mass fraction 0.5%, relative to aqueous phase) and sodium dodecyl aminopropionitrile (6 ×
10-5Mol/L, relative to aqueous phase) jointly stabilizing decane/water (O/W) emulsion experience aqueous pH values change (add HCl and
The NaOH aqueous solution) induction emulsification-demulsification circulation outward appearance and microphoto, emulsification shoots after 1 day, shot after the 30min that is demulsified.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：The surface-active of nanometer silicon dioxide particle is examined.Weigh 0.035g commodity nanometer silicon dioxide particles
(HL-220, primary particle diameter about 20nm (see Fig. 1), BET specific surface area 200m2/ g, no Sillim's ancient cooking vessel Longhua Chemical Co., Ltd. life
Production), it is put into 25mL bottle, adds 7mL pure water, particle is scattered in water with ultrasonic dispersers (JYD-650, Shanghai)
In (50W, 1min).The concentration of particle is mass fraction 0.5% (relative to aqueous phase).Added into bottle 7mL decane (99%,
Traditional Chinese medicines reagent), with high-shear emulsion machine (IKA, rotary head diameter 1cm) in the emulsified 2min of 11,000rpm rotating speeds, it is impossible to obtain steady
Fixed emulsion, show that commodity nanometer silicon dioxide particle used does not have surface-active.Experiment is at room temperature (20~25 DEG C)
Lower progress, similarly hereinafter).
Embodiment 2：The individually emulsification to decane/aqueous systems of amphoteric surfactant dodecyl dimethyl carboxybetaine
Effect.The aqueous solutions of betaine of various concentrations is prepared, takes 7mL to be put into 25mL bottle, nanometer silicon dioxide particle is disperseed
In in wherein, the concentration of particle is mass fraction 0.5% (relative to aqueous phase), and 7mL decane is added into bottle, with high shear breast
Change machine is in the emulsified 2min of 11,000rpm rotating speeds, as a result when beet alkali concn<3×10-4During mol/L, it is impossible to the breast stablized
Shape liquid.The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the known surfactant is 1.4 × 10-3mol/L。
Embodiment 3：In situ hydrophobization (surface of the beet alkali surface activator to nanometer silicon dioxide particle under acid condition
Activation) effect.The concentration for determining alkali solution of beet is 6 × 10-5Mol/L, 7mL is taken to be put into 25mL bottle respectively.To small
The HCl/water solution that concentration is 0.01~0.1mol/L is added in bottle, the pH value of solution is adjusted, adds 7mL decane, with high shear breast
Change machine emulsifies 2min, it is seen that works as pH>When 5.2, it is impossible to form stable emulsion, and as pH≤5.2, can be formed stable
Emulsion.As shown in Figures 2 and 3.It can be seen that after emulsion is placed three months, its outward appearance and liquid pearl size are unchanged,
Show that emulsion has excellent stability.
Embodiment 4：0.5% silica dioxide granule and 6 × 10-5Mol/L dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt jointly stabilizings
Stimulation-response of decane/water (O/W types) emulsion to pH.The pH value of aqueous phase is adjusted to 4.39, emulsifies the emulsus stablized
Liquid, its outward appearance and microphoto are as shown in Fig. 4 upper lefts.By adding alkali (NaOH, 0.1mol/L) to adjust the pH to 8.84 of solution, then
Emulsion breakdown, as shown in Fig. 4 upper rights.Add acid reduce solution pH, the emulsion that and can is stablized after emulsification, so
Can iterative cycles.The 4th circulation result is as shown in the lower part of Figure 4.
Embodiment 5：0.5% silica dioxide granule and 2 × 10-4Mol/L dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt jointly stabilizings
Stimulation-response of decane/water (O/W types) emulsion to pH.The concentration of dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt is increased to 2 ×
10-4Mol/L, but it is still below its cmc.The pH value of aqueous phase is adjusted to 4.5 or so, the emulsion stablized is emulsified, then adds alkali
The pH to 9.5 or so of solution is adjusted, then emulsion breakdown, so can be repeated multiple times, as shown in Figure 5.Compared with Fig. 4, due to sweet tea
Dish alkali concn is raised, and the pH value required for being demulsified is increased slightly.
Embodiment 6：0.5% silica dioxide granule and 6 × 10-5Mol/L dodecyldimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt jointly stabilizings
Stimulation-response of toluene/water (O/W types) emulsion to pH.Change decane into aromatic hydrocarbon toluene, dodecyl dimethyl beet
The concentration of alkali is still 6 × 10-5Mol/L, the pH value of aqueous phase is adjusted to 4.4 or so, the emulsion stablized is emulsified, then adds alkali
The pH to 9.5 or so of solution is adjusted, then emulsion breakdown, so can be repeated multiple times, as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 7：0.5% silica dioxide granule and 6 × 10-5The last of the ten Heavenly stems of mol/L sodium dodecyl aminopropionitrile jointly stabilizings
Stimulation-response of alkane/water (O/W types) emulsion to pH.Using decane as oil phase, dodecyl alanine is parents' chemical combination
Thing, concentration are 6 × 10-5Mol/L, less than its critical micelle concentration 4.2 × 10-4mol/L.The pH value of aqueous phase is adjusted to 3.6 left
The right side, the emulsion stablized is emulsified, then plus alkali adjusts the pH to 6 or so of solution, then emulsion breakdown, so can be repeatedly more
It is secondary, as shown in Figure 7.It can be seen that when using amino acid pattern Amphi-pathic compound, produce the pH scopes needed for hydrophobization effect in situ and compare sweet tea
Dish alkali is low, and can be demulsified in neutral pH range.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. stimulation-response surfactant granules using pH as trigger mechanism, it is characterized in that the stimulation-response surface is lived Property particle is combined by non-modified commodity nanometer silicon dioxide particle and both sexes Amphi-pathic compound；It is wherein non-modified The primary particle diameter of commodity nanometer silicon dioxide particle is 10-200nm, and the concentration on the basis of aqueous phase is mass fraction 0.1%~2.0%；Both sexes Amphi-pathic compound includes carboxybetaine and the major class of carboxylic acid type amino acid two, and there is following structure to lead to Formula, wherein carboxybetaine include single-long-chain alkyl dimethyl carboxybetaine (a) and double long-chain alkyl methyl carboxybetaine (b), and carboxylic acid type amino acid is chain alkyl alanine (c), wherein chain alkyl R carbon number be 12~18；Parents Concentration of the compound on the basis of aqueous phase is 0.01~1.0 times of its critical micelle concentration (cmc),。
- 2. stimulation-response surfactant granules that pH according to claim 1 is trigger mechanism are applied to stablize water bag Oily (O/W) type Pickering emulsion, applicable oil phase include：Inorganic mineral oil, triglyceride vegetable and animals oils and and water Unmixing polar organic matter, the volume fraction of oil phase is 10%~74% in emulsion.
- 3. stimulation-response surfactant granules according to claim 1 using pH as trigger mechanism, its surface-active tool There is stimulation-response；There is surface-active in the pH scope endoparticles less than both sexes Amphi-pathic compound isoelectric point, and higher than two The pH scope endoparticles of property Amphi-pathic compound isoelectric point lose surface-active；Correspondingly, with this stimulation-response surface-active Particle stabilized O/W type Pickering emulsion has pH stimulations-response, when the pH value of aqueous phase is less than isoelectric point, passes through The O/W type Pickering emulsion that emulsifying can be stablized, and when the pH value of aqueous phase is higher than isoelectric point, emulsion Demulsification；The pH value of aqueous phase is reduced, and stable O/W type Pickering emulsion is formed through emulsifying and can, so can be anti- Multiple circulation；During using carboxybetaine Amphi-pathic compound, the pH scopes of emulsion stabilization and demulsification are respectively pH<4.5 and pH> 8.8, during using carboxylic acid type amino acid Amphi-pathic compound, the pH scopes of emulsion stabilization and demulsification are respectively pH<3.7 and pH> 5.8。
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| CN106582431A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-04-26 | 江南大学 | Room-temperature CO2 switch type compound emulsifier |
| CN106582433B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-12-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | The preparation method of triple stimulation intelligent response type worm micelle volumes |
| CN111109300B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-05-11 | 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 | PH-responsive rosin/nanoparticle Pickering emulsion and preparation method thereof |
| CN111330513B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-05-28 | 江南大学 | Emulsion with pH responsiveness |
| CN111229121B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-05-04 | 江南大学 | pH-responsive amphiphilic-strong-polarity intelligently-switched emulsion and preparation method thereof |
| CN112915916B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-05-24 | 江南大学 | PH stimulation response type bile salt Pickering composite emulsifier |
| CN113461576B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-09-06 | 四川大学 | Dynamic covalent bond-based responsive surfactant and preparation method thereof |
| CN114774135B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-06-13 | 江南大学 | Recyclable surface active system based on dynamic covalent bond |
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| CN101108324A (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2008-01-23 | 江南大学 | Emulsion of hyperstable latex capable of varying phase of circulation |
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| CN103157806A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-19 | 江南大学 | Method using switch surface active agent reverse micelle to prepare nanosized palladium |
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