CN105724451A - 一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法 Download PDF

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CN105724451A
CN105724451A CN201610067070.8A CN201610067070A CN105724451A CN 105724451 A CN105724451 A CN 105724451A CN 201610067070 A CN201610067070 A CN 201610067070A CN 105724451 A CN105724451 A CN 105724451A
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radix
herbal medicine
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曲明静
路兴涛
于洪波
李晓
鞠倩
姜晓静
孙秀山
杨珍
陈剑洪
矫岩林
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash

Abstract

一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法，属于花生田杂草防治和病害防治技术领域。本发明在花生播种覆土后，一次性喷施由三氟草嗪、恶草酮、多菌灵、适乐时、百泰组成的混合药剂和由甘草、白药、黄芪、白头翁、艾蒿、黄柏、板蓝根组成的中草药水溶性浓缩液，然后覆膜。利用本方法可以一次性完成花生田杂草和病害的防治，操作简单，节省劳动力，易于推广，具有重要的社会意义和经济效益。

Description

一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法
技术领域
本发明涉及花生田杂草和病害防治，具体涉及一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法，属于花生田杂草防治和病害防治技术领域。
背景技术
花生是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物，种植面积较大，全国种植面积达到500多万公顷，约占世界花生年产量的60％以上，有效的保障了食用植物油的供给。
我国花生田危害性杂草有60多种，分属约24科，其中发生量较大、危害严重的主要杂草有马唐、狗尾草、稗草、牛筋草、狗牙根、画眉草、白茅、龙爪茅、虎尾草、青葙、反枝苋、凹头苋、灰绿藜、马齿苋、蒺藜、苍耳、刺儿菜、香附子、碎米莎草、龙葵、问荆和苘麻等。杂草与花生争夺养分、水分和控件，造成花生生长不良，植株矮小，严重影响花生的产量和品质；花生田因杂草一般减产5-10％，严重田块可达15-20％，甚至更多。
由于花生连年种植，花生病害非常普遍，特别是重茬地块，病害逐年加重，烂种死苗、叶面病害、地下害虫等因素严重影响了花生的产量和品质。人工除草费时费力，化学药剂除草用量过大容易损伤花生根系和茎叶且杂草防治不彻底；传统的农药除病害导致残留多，效果不佳。如何实现杂草与病害的综合防治，实现低毒处理，高产栽培，是当前花生科研工作者和农技推广部分的重要任务之一。
国家大力提倡化肥农药减量施用，降低农药使用量，达到提高作物安全、保护生态环境的目的。目前，花生上常用除草剂品种较少，且用量偏大，多年连续过量使用导致杂草抗药性及花生药害问题时有出现。三氟草嗪是一种新型的除草剂，对多种杂草都有显著的防治效果，田间用量少，对环境和作物很安全，之前的技术没有涉及三氟草嗪及其混剂报道。许多中药或野生植物均具有良好杀菌性能，这些植物容易获得且价格低廉，对作物的安全性高，与农药混配安全，且施用于土壤后，除能防病外还可起到增加肥效的作用。若能推广与农药合理混配，可以有效减少化学农药与化肥用量，达到化肥农药减施的目的。现有技术中，没有将除草剂、杀菌剂与中草药混用的研究与报道。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于通过对花生田杂草和病害防治技术进行创新，提供一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法，从而解决现有条件下杂草防治难、病害防治效果差的问题，实现花生的优质高产。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种防治花生田杂草的栽培方法，其特征在于：花生播种覆土后，一次性喷施由三氟草嗪、恶草酮、多菌灵、适乐时、百泰组成的混合药剂和由甘草、白药、黄芪、白头翁、艾蒿、黄柏、板蓝根组成的中草药水溶性浓缩液，然后覆膜。
优选地，每亩地施用的混合药剂由三氟草嗪3-4g，噁草酮60-80g，50％的多菌灵20-30g,2.5％的适乐时20-30g和60％的百泰15-20g组成。
优选地，每亩地施用的中草药水溶性浓缩液由甘草用量30-45g，白药用量30-45g，黄芪用量30-45g，白头翁用量30-45g，艾蒿用量30-45g，黄柏用量30-45g，板蓝根用量30-45g组成，将7味中草药加入5-6倍质量的水中慢火熬制5-6个小时后，过滤去掉药渣得到中草药水溶性浓缩液。
优选地，将所得混合药剂和中草药水溶性浓缩液混合，兑水75-100公斤，一次性喷施后覆膜。
本发明具有如下优点：
利用本发明提供的一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法，操作简单，一次性喷施后可以实现杂草和病害的综合防治，防治效果明显，具有低毒无残留的特点，可实现花生每亩增产10％-20％，具有很好的推广价值。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步作描述，但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例。凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
花生播种覆土后，按照每亩三氟草嗪4g，噁草酮63g，50％的多菌灵30g,2.5％的适乐时20g和60％的百泰16g组成的量称取，混合均匀后得到混合药剂。按照每亩甘草用量30g，白药用量35g，黄芪用量36g，白头翁用量32g，艾蒿用量36g，黄柏用量38g，板蓝根用量38g，的比例称取该7味中草药，加入6倍质量的水中慢火熬制5个小时后，过滤去掉药渣得到中草药水溶性浓缩液。将混合药剂与中草药水溶性浓缩液混合，兑水75公斤，均匀喷洒后覆膜。以施肥方法相同，人工除草除虫的地块作为对照，收获时比对照地块每亩地增产20％。
实施例2
花生播种覆土后，按照每亩三氟草嗪3g，噁草酮70g，50％的多菌灵25g,2.5％的适乐时20g和60％的百泰15g的量称取，混合均匀后得到混合药剂。按照每亩甘草用量35g，白药用量30g，黄芪用量32g，白头翁用量35g，艾蒿用量35g，黄柏用量40g，板蓝根用量38g的比例称取该7味中草药，加入6倍质量的水中慢火熬制5个小时后，过滤去掉药渣得到中草药水溶性浓缩液。将混合药剂与中草药水溶性浓缩液混合，兑水75公斤，均匀喷洒后覆膜。以施肥方法相同，人工除草除虫的地块作为对照，收获时比对照地块每亩地增产15％。

Claims (4)

1.一种一次性防治花生田杂草和病害的栽培方法，其特征在于花生播种覆土后，一次性喷施由三氟草嗪、噁草酮、多菌灵、适乐时、百泰组成的混合药剂和由甘草、白药、黄芪、白头翁、艾蒿、黄柏、板蓝根组成的中草药水溶性浓缩液，然后覆膜。
2.如权利要求1所述，混合药剂是指每亩地施用三氟草嗪3-4g，噁草酮60-80g，50％的多菌灵20-30g，2.5％的适乐时20-30g和60％的百泰15-20g组成的混合药剂。
3.如权利要求1所述，中草药水溶性浓缩液是指每亩地甘草用量30-45g，白药用量30-45g，黄芪用量30-45g，白头翁用量30-45g，艾蒿用量30-45g，黄柏用量30-45g，板蓝根用量30-45g，将7味中草药加入5-6倍质量的水中慢火熬制5-6个小时后，过滤去掉药渣得到中草药水溶性浓缩液。
4.将权利要求2的混合药剂和权利要求3的中草药水溶性浓缩液兑水75-100公斤，一次性喷施，然后覆膜。
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CN107094803A (zh) * 2017-03-09 2017-08-29 海门市利美农副产品有限公司 一种安全除草剂
WO2020116430A1 (ja) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 住友化学株式会社 除草剤組成物および雑草防除方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107094803A (zh) * 2017-03-09 2017-08-29 海门市利美农副产品有限公司 一种安全除草剂
WO2020116430A1 (ja) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 住友化学株式会社 除草剤組成物および雑草防除方法

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