CN105720465B - A kind of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers - Google Patents
A kind of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers Download PDFInfo
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- CN105720465B CN105720465B CN201610245418.8A CN201610245418A CN105720465B CN 105720465 B CN105720465 B CN 105720465B CN 201610245418 A CN201610245418 A CN 201610245418A CN 105720465 B CN105720465 B CN 105720465B
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- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005371 ZBLAN Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 graphite Alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
- H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers, belong to field of lasers.4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, including the light source being linked in sequence, gain fibre one and gain fibre two, the gain fibre one is equipped with the first resonator and the second resonator, the gain fibre two is equipped with multistage Stokes optical cavity, first resonator partly overlaps with the second resonator, with being equipped with pulse switch at the first resonator non-overlapping in second resonator.There is 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention high efficiency under room temperature to realize infrared Q impulse in 4 μm, and 4 μm or more Raman adjusting Q pulse lasers, laser threshold can be substantially reduced, improve delivery efficiency, it is smaller to reduce cost loss, it is easily integrated, conducive to practical application, realizes in non-cooled the characteristics of 3.9 μm of laser efficiently export under room temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser, particularly a kind of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers.
Background technology
The laser of middle infrared band widely should due to having in fields such as atmospheric communication, industry, national defence, medical treatment, chemistry
Favored with and by numerous researchers.Compared with conventional solid and gas laser, optical fiber laser has low threshold
Value, good beam quality, high conversion efficiency;Meanwhile the optical fiber as gain media has the characteristics that flexibility is good, is easily integrated,
Its high surface area-to-volume ratio is conducive to heat dissipation.In and infrared Q-switched pulse laser industrial processes, laser micro-hurt operation, it is non-thread
Property wavelength convert, laser countermeasure (s) etc. there is irreplaceable important application, therefore infrared pulse optical fiber laser in developing
With important scientific meaning and application value.
In recent years, the middle infrared pulse optical fiber laser of 2 μm and 3 mu m wavebands achieves more progress, longer wave band
It can be realized by Ramam effect.Raman fiber lasers utilize the non-linear stimulated raman scattering in optical fiber to generate this
Lentor light, the laser output of long wavelength can be realized by Higher-order Raman effect.In recent years, in middle infrared band, in it is red
Outer Raman fiber lasers study the more active research group for surely belonging to Canadian Université Laval, report in recent years
In, longest wavelength that they are obtained(3.77 μm)It is to mix Er fluoride ZBLAN optical fiber as pumping source using 3 mu m wavebands, adopts
By the use of passive chalcogenide fiber as nonlinear dielectric, although obtaining the output of continuous Raman laser, output power and slope
Efficiency is relatively low.Domestic research in this regard relatively lags behind, and is also only limitted to simulation stage.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is:In view of the above problems, high efficiency under a kind of room temperature is provided to realize in 4 μm
Infrared Q impulse and 4 μm or more Raman adjusting Q pulse lasers can substantially reduce laser threshold, improve delivery efficiency, reduce
Cost loss is smaller, is easily integrated, and conducive to practical application, realizes 4 efficiently exported in non-cooled 3.9 μm of laser under room temperature
~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the invention, including the light source being linked in sequence, gain fibre one and increasing
Beneficial optical fiber two, the gain fibre one are equipped with the first resonator and the second resonator, and the gain fibre two is equipped with multistage
Stokes resonator, first resonator partly overlap with the second resonator, in second resonator with the first resonance
Pulse switch is equipped at chamber non-overlapping.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, light is sent out from light source, by gain fibre one, shake repeatedly in the first resonator
Gain is swung, forms 1.2 μm of laser;It is first in the second resonator due to the presence of saturable absorber in the second resonator
First in a low reactance-resistance ratio state, particle energy transition is simultaneously accumulated in5I5Energy level, when the energy of laser reaches pulse switch threshold value
When, pulse switch is opened, and the Q value moments in the second resonator improve, and are accumulated in5I5Particle on energy level is just with snowslide
Form transits to lower energy level, exports a giant-pulse, and energy release afterpulse switch is closed, and intracavitary Q values die-off, and so on produce
Raw efficient 3.9 μm are adjusted the output of Q giant-pulses.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, first resonator are located in the second resonator,
The pulse switch is set to distance light source in the second resonator.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the first resonator is placed in the second resonator, it is defeated by 1.2 μm of laser cascade connections
3.9 μm of laser delivery efficiencies can be effectively improved by going out 3.9 μm of laser, while substantially reduce the heat of system generation, rational in infrastructure, contracting
Small laser volume, application is integrated convenient for laser.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, it is high anti-that first resonator includes second laser
Grating and the high reflective grid of third laser, second resonator include the high reflective grid of first laser and the 4th laser semi reflective grid.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention are disposed with first on the gain fibre one
The high reflective grid of laser, the high reflective grid of second laser, the high reflective grid of third laser, pulse switch and the 4th laser semi reflective grid, institute
State the dipped beam source that the high reflective grid of first laser are set to gain fibre one.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the high reflective grid of the first laser are to 3.9 μm of laser
Reflectivity>95%, the high reflective grid of the second laser are to the reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser>95%, the high reflective grid of the third laser
To the reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser>90%, the 4th laser semi reflective grid are 40% ~ 60% to the reflectivity of 3.9 μm of laser.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, 1.2 μm of fiber gratings form the first resonator, 3.9 μm of fiber gratings in pairs
The second resonator is formed in pairs.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the pulse switch is graphene Q-switch, described
Graphene Q-switch is automatically opened or closed according to laser energy.
Graphene Q-switch can be that optical fiber side is coated in the form of evanescent wave or is deposited using optical fiber tail-end
And it is inserted into resonator by the way of tail end docking.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the multistage Stokes resonator include sequence
Several first high anti-fiber gratings of connection, a semi reflective fibre grating and several second high anti-fiber gratings.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the described first high anti-fiber grating correspond to 1 ~ n ranks
Raman laser, the reflectivity of the described first high anti-fiber grating>95%;The semi reflective fibre grating corresponds to n-th order raman laser,
The reflectivity of the semi reflective fibre grating is 40% ~ 60%;Described second high anti-fiber grating correspondence the 1st ~(n-1)Rank Raman swashs
Light, the reflectivity of the described second high anti-fiber grating>95%, n are natural number.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, 3.9 μm of Q impulses are transmitted to gain fibre two, inscribe in gain fibre two
On grating FBGo1~FBGonWith FBGi1 ~FBGinIn n for natural number, and n takes 1,2,3 ... n-1, n.FBGonWith FBGin
Reflection wavelength both correspond to the centre wavelength of n-th order stokes light, and there is higher reflection for the light of centre wavelength
Rate(>95%), have only when n is maximized(The top step number of stokes light)When, for FBGonReflection wavelength correspond to n-th
The centre wavelength of rank stokes light, reflectivity are 40% ~ 60%, the output terminal as n-th order stokes light.For example, when n=4
When, each rank stokes light is in the forming process of intracavitary:3.9 μm of pulse lasers transmit in chalcogenide fiber, generate spontaneous
Raman scattering, when 3.9 μm of pulse lasers of injection reach single order Raman threshold power, with regard to the single order that generation wavelength is 4.5 μm
Stokes light, and by FBGi1With FBGo1As generation 5.3 μm of stokes of second order after oscillation enhancing in the resonator of composition
The pump light of this light and reabsorbed by Raman fiber, excitation two level stokes light in second level fiber bragg grating pair
Oscillation enhancing in the resonator of composition.So on, if the Stokes luminous power of preceding single order can reach the lower single order of generation this
The Raman threshold power of lentor light, then this cascade oscillation can be sustained, and the stokes light per rank
Vibrated in corresponding fiber bragg grating is to the resonator of composition.Three ranks, quadravalence stokes light wavelength be respectively
6.5 μm、8.3 μm.The output terminal FBG of n-th order stokes lightonTo it with partial reflectance(40%~60%), such n-th
Contrast Q stokes lights are just exported from this output terminal, realize the tune Q raman lasers output of 4 ~ 8 μm and longer middle infrared wavelength.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the gain fibre one is mixes Ho fluorides ABLAN
Optical fiber, the gain fibre two are passive chalcogenide fiber.
4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind of the present invention, the light source are laser diode-pumped for 885nm
Source.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, it takes and the matched passive vulcanization of fluoride fiber size selected by pumping source
Multistage fiber grating pair is inscribed on object light fibre, the method for taking fiber end face welding, and the matched not same fiber of size is chosen,
Greatly reduce loss, the more conducively system integration.
Ho fluoride fibers are as gain fibre, and the dual wavelength of write-in cascade wherein(1.2 μm, 3.9 μm)Optical fiber Bradley
Lattice grating pair passes through Ho ion energy level transition5I6→5I8The 1.2 μm of laser generated export to empty5I6Particle collection on energy level
It is poly-, it effectively improves5I5With5I6The number of ions reversion of two energy levels, substantially reduces 3.9 μm of laser thresholds, improves delivery efficiency, significantly
Reduce the heat that multi-phonon relaxation generates.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, can under non-brake method room temperature efficiently, stablize, continuously obtain 3.9 μm of laser, realize 4 ~ 8 μm of tune Q raman lasers
Output, shorter to solve currently available technology mid-infrared laser device wavelength, practicability is not strong, and efficiency is low, and power is low etc., and problems carry
Effective solution is supplied.
2nd, the infrared all optical fibre structure in, reasonable design is simple in structure, is easily integrated and practical application, abandons existing
To the high request of coupled lens, dichroic mirror etc. in technology, loss and cost are greatly reduced.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structure diagram of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers.
It is marked in figure:1 is light source, and 2 be fusion point one, and 3 be the high reflective grid of first laser, and 4 be the high reflective grid of second laser,
5 be gain fibre one, and 6 be the high reflective grid of third laser, and 7 be pulse switch, and 8 be the 4th laser semi reflective grid, and 9 be fusion point
Two, 10 be the first high anti-fiber grating, and 11 be gain fibre two, and 12 be semi reflective fibre grating, and 13 be the second high anti-fiber grating.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of 4 ~ 8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers, including the light source 1 being linked in sequence, gain fibre
One 5 and gain fibre 2 11, gain fibre 1 is equipped with the first resonator and the second resonator, and gain fibre 25 is equipped with more
Rank Stokes resonator, the first resonator partly overlap with the second resonator, in second resonator with the first resonator
Pulse switch 7 is equipped at non-overlapping.First resonator is located in the second resonator, and pulse switch 7 is set to the second resonator
Interior distance light source.First resonator includes the high reflective grid 4 of second laser and the high reflective grid 6 of third laser, and the second resonator includes
High reflective 3 and the 4th laser semi reflective grid 8 of grid of first laser.The high reflective grid of first laser are disposed on gain fibre 1
3, the high reflective grid 4 of second laser, the high reflective grid 6 of third laser, 7 and the 4th laser semi reflective grid 8 of pulse switch, first laser height
Reflective grid 3 are set to the dipped beam source of gain fibre 1.The high reflective grid 3 of first laser are to the reflectivity of 3.9 μm of laser>95%,
The high reflective grid 4 of second laser are to the reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser>95%, the high reflective grid 6 of third laser are to the reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser
>90%, the 4th laser semi reflective grid are 40% ~ 60% to the reflectivity of 3.9 μm of laser.Pulse switch 7 be graphene Q-switch, graphite
Alkene Q-switch is automatically opened or closed according to laser energy.It is high that multistage Stokes resonator includes be linked in sequence several first
Anti- fiber grating 10, a semi reflective fibre grating 12 and several second high anti-fiber gratings 13.First high anti-fiber grating 10 is right
Answer the 1st ~ 4 rank raman laser, the reflectivity of the first high anti-fiber grating 10>95%;Semi reflective fibre grating 12 corresponds to the 4th rank Raman
Laser, the reflectivity of semi reflective fibre grating 12 is 40% ~ 60%;Second high anti-fiber grating 13 corresponds to the 1st ~ 3 rank raman laser, the
The reflectivity of two high anti-fiber gratings 13>95%, 3.9 μm of pulse lasers transmit in chalcogenide fiber, generate spontaneous Raman and dissipate
It penetrates, when 3.9 μm of pulse lasers of injection reach single order Raman threshold power, with regard to the single order stoke that generation wavelength is 4.5 μm
This light, and by FBGi1With FBGo1As generation 5.3 μm of stokes lights of second order after oscillation enhancing in the resonator of composition
Pump light and reabsorbed by Raman fiber, excitation two level stokes light in second level fiber bragg grating to composition
Oscillation enhancing in resonator.So on, as long as the Stokes luminous power of preceding single order can reach the lower single order Stokes of generation
The Raman threshold power of light, then this cascade oscillation can be sustained, and the stokes light per rank is in phase
The fiber bragg grating answered in the resonator of composition to vibrating.Three ranks, quadravalence stokes light wavelength be respectively 6.5 μm,
8.3 μm.By the value for changing n, you can change the frequency of output light, output light is exported from the tail optical fiber of gain fibre 2 11, increased
The tail optical fiber of beneficial optical fiber 2 11 is fusible to be connected to light source output device.Gain fibre 1 mixes Ho fluoride ABLAN optical fiber for double clad, increases
Beneficial optical fiber 2 11 is passive chalcogenide fiber, and light source is 885nm pumping sources, for 855nm laser diodes, the tail of laser diode
Fine output terminal is linked together with mixing Ho fluorides ABLAN optical fiber front end by way of the welding of end face, forms welding tie point
One 2, fiber grating 3,4,6,8,10,12,13 is inscribed by way of inscription on optical fiber, and fluoride fiber size is with making
Passive chalcogenide fiber size for Raman gain optical fiber can maximally reduce splice loss, splice attenuation, gain light to matching
1 and gain light 2 11 be welded together to form fusion point 29,.
Although the present embodiment only using n values as 4 when carried out detailed explanation to the technical program, this field it is general
Logical technical staff should be aware that the variation of the value range of n will be apparent to the person skilled in the art simultaneously
As long as and have chosen suitable material(Have each rank stokes light compared with low-loss)The optical maser wavelength that can be obtained as needed
Value is carried out to n, so as to fulfill the selection to exporting pulse wavelength.Therefore the protection domain of the present patent application should not be by this reality
Apply the limitation of n=4.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. 4~8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind, it is characterised in that:Including the light source (1) being linked in sequence, gain light
Fine one (5) and gain fibre two (11), the gain fibre one (5) are equipped with the first resonator and the second resonator, the increasing
Beneficial optical fiber two (5) is equipped with multistage Stokes resonator, and first resonator partly overlaps with the second resonator, and described the
With being equipped with pulse switch (7) at the first resonator non-overlapping in two resonators, gain fibre one (5) is mixes Ho fluorides
ABLAN optical fiber, gain fibre two (11) are passive chalcogenide fiber, and the tail optical fiber welding of gain fibre two (11) has light source output
Device, light source (1) are 855nm laser diodes, and the tail optical fiber output terminal of laser diode leads to mixing Ho fluoride ABLAN optical fiber front end
The mode for crossing end face welding links together;
Wherein, first resonator includes the high reflective grid (4) of second laser and the reflective grid (6) of third laser height, and described second
Resonator includes the high reflective grid (3) of first laser and the 4th laser semi reflective grid (8);
The high reflective grid (3) of first laser, the high reflective grid (4) of second laser, third are disposed on the gain fibre one (5)
The high reflective grid (6) of laser, pulse switch (7) and the 4th laser semi reflective grid (8), high reflective grid (3) setting of the first laser
In the dipped beam source of gain fibre one (5);
The high reflective grid (3) of the first laser are to the reflectivity of 3.9 μm of laser>95%, the high reflective grid (4) of the second laser are right
The reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser>95%, the high reflective grid (6) of the third laser are to the reflectivity of 1.2 μm of laser>90%, described
Four laser semi reflective grid are 40%~60% to the reflectivity of 3.9 μm of laser.
2. 4~8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:First resonance
Chamber is located in the second resonator, and the pulse switch (7) is set to distance light source in the second resonator.
3. 4~8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The pulse
It is graphene Q-switch to switch (7), and the graphene Q-switch is automatically opened or closed according to laser energy.
4. 4~8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:This described multistage support
Gram this resonator includes the be linked in sequence several first high anti-fiber gratings (10), a semi reflective fibre grating (12) and several the
Two high anti-fiber gratings (13).
5. 4~8 μm of pulse Raman full-optical-fiber lasers of one kind as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:Described first is high anti-
Corresponding 1~n rank the raman lasers of fiber grating (10), the reflectivity of the described first high anti-fiber grating (10)>95%;Described half
The corresponding n-th order raman laser of anti-fiber grating (12), the reflectivity of the semi reflective fibre grating (12) is 40%~60%;It is described
Second high anti-fiber grating (13) corresponds to the 1st~(n-1) rank raman laser, the reflectivity of the described second high anti-fiber grating (13)
>95%, n are natural number.
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CN107275917A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-10-20 | 电子科技大学 | Infrared super continuum source in ultra wide band all -fiber |
CN107887784B (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-08-16 | 深圳大学 | A kind of nanosecond pulse optical fiber laser |
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Denomination of invention: A type of 4-8 m M-pulse Raman all fiber laser Granted publication date: 20180619 Pledgee: Chengdu Branch of China CITIC Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: CHENGDU HANCHEN GUANGYI TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2024510000050 |