CN105706982A - 一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土 - Google Patents
一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土，由如下重量份的原料制成：改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、老鹳草3份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份。本发明的巢穴土供黄颡鱼生殖时期开穴繁育使用，巢穴土成分配伍合理，材料易得，制备方法简单，巢穴土可改善巢穴内的水质，促进黄颡鱼卵新陈代谢，提高黄颡鱼孵化率，还可提高黄颡鱼幼苗的抵抗力，提高抗应激的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，尤其涉及一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土。
背景技术
黄颡鱼食性是肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类。觅食活动一般在夜间进行，食物包括小鱼、虾、各种陆生和水生昆虫(特别是摇蚊幼虫)、小型软体动物和其它水生无脊椎动物。有时也捕食小型鱼类。其食性随环境和季节变化而有所差异，在春夏季节常吞食其它鱼的鱼卵。分布长江、黄河、珠江及黑龙江、辽宁等流域。
目前黄颡鱼人工养殖采用围网圈养的方式或在池塘内养殖，但由于天然饵料不充裕，黄颡鱼人工养殖主要依赖投喂人工配合饲料，黄颡鱼人工养殖会受到较多的外界干扰，与自然生长环境有较大差异。亲鱼有掘坑筑巢和保护后代的习性，在生殖时期，雄鱼有筑巢习性。4～5月产卵，目前人工养殖的黄颡鱼怀卵量大约在1000～3500粒，平均值约为2000粒，孵化成活率不足45％，人工养殖的黄颡鱼繁育能力比较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土及其制备方法，以解决上述技术问题，该巢穴土用于黄颡鱼在其内掘坑筑巢，然后在巢穴内产卵孵化。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土，其特征在于，由如下重量份的原料制成：
改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、老鹳草3份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份。
制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量配比称取陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、老鹳草3份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份，加入原料6倍重量的pH值为6.2的柠檬酸水溶液浸泡5.5小时，然后将原料捞出并沥干，然后投入发酵池中发酵，发酵温度为38-42℃，发酵的同时用超声频率35kHz、功率25w对物料进行超声处理，发酵24-36小时，得发酵产物；
(2)按重量配比称取改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份混合，粉碎成100-150目粉料，将粉料送入保温箱内保温保湿20min，温度保持在85-95℃，用0.1mol/L的乙酸水溶液雾化后均匀喷洒在保温箱内对粉料进行加湿，控制保温箱内相对湿度保持在80-85％，粉料保温保湿处理结束后，送入冷冻干燥机中，降温至-40℃，保温2小时，缓慢升温至-8℃升华干燥，再升温至25℃后，保温3小时，冷冻干燥结束，得冻干粉料；
(3)将步骤(1)所得发酵产物、步骤(2)所得冻干粉料充分混合，灭菌，即得巢穴土。
所述改性淀粉由如下重量份数的原料制成：植物淀粉90-100份、茶多酚15-20份、纳米氧化铝8-12份、芒硝10-13份、三聚磷酸钠5-8份、柠檬酸7-10份、水200-250份，其制备方法为：先将植物淀粉加入水中打浆，待形成均匀浆体后加入茶多酚和纳米氧化铝，然后于超声频率40kHz、温度50-60℃下超声处理25-30min，再向处理液中加入三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸，研磨15-20min后加入芒硝，混合均匀后于0-5℃下放置8-12h，最后经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的巢穴土用于人工养殖黄颡鱼，供黄颡鱼生殖时期开穴繁育使用，黄颡鱼在巢穴土中开出巢穴，然后在巢穴内产卵孵化，巢穴土成分配伍合理，材料易得，制备方法简单，巢穴土可改善巢穴内的水质，促进黄颡鱼卵新陈代谢，提高黄颡鱼孵化率，还可提高黄颡鱼幼苗的抵抗力，提高抗应激的能力；配合的中药成份与食材协同发挥作用，孵化成活率可提高至55％以上；亲鱼怀卵量可提高至1500～4200粒，怀卵量平均值可提高至2750粒，。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明，但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
黄颡鱼的配合饲料，取高筋精面粉250重量份，河蚌肉65重量份(剁碎)，菜饼20重量份(剁碎)，豆饼20重量份(剁碎)，麦麸55重量份，把所有的原材料一起搅拌均匀后加适量水揉搓，水添加量以饲料揉成团不会散开为宜，然后装入塑料袋中闷10-12小时，即可使用。
黄颡鱼人工养殖饲料专用添加剂，由如下重量份的原料制成：
改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、老鹳草3份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份。
制备方法：
(1)按重量配比称取陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、老鹳草3份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份，加入原料6倍重量的pH值为6.2的柠檬酸水溶液浸泡5.5小时，然后将原料捞出并沥干，然后投入发酵池中发酵，发酵温度为38-42℃，发酵的同时用超声频率35kHz、功率25w对物料进行超声处理，发酵24-36小时，得发酵产物；
(2)按重量配比称取改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份混合，粉碎成100-150目粉料，将粉料送入保温箱内保温保湿20min，温度保持在85-95℃，用0.1mol/L的乙酸水溶液雾化后均匀喷洒在保温箱内对粉料进行加湿，控制保温箱内相对湿度保持在80-85％，粉料保温保湿处理结束后，送入冷冻干燥机中，降温至-40℃，保温2小时，缓慢升温至-8℃升华干燥，再升温至25℃后，保温3小时，冷冻干燥结束，得冻干粉料；
(3)将步骤(1)所得发酵产物、步骤(2)所得冻干粉料充分混合，灭菌，即得巢穴土。
投喂黄颡鱼的人工养殖饲料(黄颡鱼的配合饲料)，按投喂计量取出黄颡鱼的配合饲料，加入配合饲料重量5％的巢穴土，拌匀，即可进行投喂。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例，并不用来限制本发明，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (2)
1.一种可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土，其特征在于，由如下重量份的原料制成：
改性淀粉25份、高岭土46份、白陶土17份、滑石粉16份、赭石16份、寒水石4份、陈皮12份、牛大力3份、连翘7份、石榴皮8份、枸杞9份、蒲公英1.5份、飞刀剑4份、马利筋4份、黑芝麻3份、土党参0.8份、荸荠4份、鳝鱼骨0.3份、扫帚菜14份、白石英5份、老鹳草3份、糯稻根4份、板蓝根8份、苍耳子3份、凤尾草3份、香蕉皮7份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可提高黄颡卵孵化率的巢穴土，其特征在于：所述改性淀粉由如下重量份数的原料制成：植物淀粉90-100份、茶多酚15-20份、纳米氧化铝8-12份、芒硝10-13份、三聚磷酸钠5-8份、柠檬酸7-10份、水200-250份，其制备方法为：先将植物淀粉加入水中打浆，待形成均匀浆体后加入茶多酚和纳米氧化铝，然后于超声频率40kHz、温度50-60℃下超声处理25-30min，再向处理液中加入三聚磷酸钠和柠檬酸，研磨15-20min后加入芒硝，混合均匀后于0-5℃下放置8-12h，最后经冷冻干燥后粉碎成粉末。
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| CN101263793A (zh) * | 2008-04-18 | 2008-09-17 | 沈阳华泰渔业有限公司 | 一种黄颡鱼鱼苗人工繁殖方法 |
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| CN101263793A (zh) * | 2008-04-18 | 2008-09-17 | 沈阳华泰渔业有限公司 | 一种黄颡鱼鱼苗人工繁殖方法 |
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