CN105700321B - Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance - Google Patents
Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance Download PDFInfo
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- CN105700321B CN105700321B CN201610242313.7A CN201610242313A CN105700321B CN 105700321 B CN105700321 B CN 105700321B CN 201610242313 A CN201610242313 A CN 201610242313A CN 105700321 B CN105700321 B CN 105700321B
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
- G03H2001/0883—Reconstruction aspect, e.g. numerical focusing
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Abstract
Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance the invention discloses a kind of, belong to the automation numerical value determination methods that digital hologram in technical field of optical precision measurement rebuilds distance, its object is to provide a kind of to rebuild Distance Judgment method in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance.The present invention is judged the readability for rebuilding picture with rebuilding the ratio of the average value as intensity using the variance rebuild as intensity, analyzed, and find and clearly rebuild intensity image and its corresponding digital hologram accurate reconstruction distance, this method can realize that the automation numerical value that distance is rebuild for digital hologram judges, improve the measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency to rebuilding distance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical precision measurement, is related to the automation numerical value that a kind of digital hologram rebuilds distance
Determination methods, more particularly to a kind of automation numerical value judgement side that distance is rebuild based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensive analysis
Method.
Background technology
The thought of holographic technique most proposed that holographic technique is mainly characterized by it and not only have recorded object earlier than 1948
Amplitude information, and the phase information of object is have recorded, so as to more truly reflect the original.The original substantially of holographic technique
Reason is：The light wave of object reflection produces interference fringe with reference light wave coherent superposition, and these interference fringes being recorded turn into complete
Breath figure, hologram reproduce under certain conditions, can reappear original three-dimensional image true to nature.According to the substantially former of holographic technique
Reason, it is understood that hologram causes to have recorded Object light wave and a series of interference fringes caused by reference light wave coherent superposition,
Obtain the reproduction image of object, it is necessary to reconstruction processing is carried out to hologram, for regard to optical holographic and calculating holography, its process of reconstruction
Belong to optical reproduction process, the hologram of object full detail will be recorded after a series of processing, with appropriate illumination
Bright hologram, the interference between the diffraction light and diffraction light when light passes through hologram form the light wave similar to original light wave,
Form the reproduction image of object.For that using Digital Holography, fast and efficiently the intensity to testing sample, phase can believe
Breath carries out quantitative measurment.Its implementation process is first to digitize the hologram of CCD records, and record the numeral of testing sample
Hologram, numerical reconstruction is then carried out according to optical diffraction integral logarithm word hologram in a computer, obtains testing sample
Reproduction image, and then obtain the intensity of testing sample, phase information.As can be seen here, the selection of method for reconstructing will directly affect to be measured
The effect of the reproduction image of sample.No matter which kind of method for reconstructing used, during the numerical reconstruction of digital hologram, to rebuild away from
From selection it is most important.The recording distance of digital hologram should be equal to (i.e. by accurately rebuilding distance：Testing sample is to being used for
Record the distance of the CCD camera target surface of digital hologram), when both are equal, it can just obtain clearly in the testing sample of Jiao
Reproduction image and accurate testing sample phase field distribution；When both are unequal, the reproduction image of the testing sample of acquisition will
Generation defocus and it is unintelligible, while the phase field distribution of accurate testing sample can not be obtained.
In the prior art, the reconstruction distance of digital hologram is typically to be difficult to high-precision measured directly, its master
To be limited by following two aspects：This aspect, because the complexity of holographic interference light path system is higher, it is difficult to rebuild away from
From the high-precision direct measurement of progress；On the other hand, during direct measurement, exterior object easily touch testing sample or
On CCD target surfaces, so as to cause testing sample or CCD target surfaces to be contaminated, final measurement effect is influenceed.So digital hologram
Accurate reconstruction distance not easily pass through mode measured directly and obtain.However, in the prior art, in the numerical value weight of digital hologram
During building, often it is rebuild with a series of different reconstruction distances, after selected reconstruction distance is rebuild
A reconstruction intensity image is obtained, is then varied multiple times and rebuilds distance and that reconstructions of the different reconstructions under are obtained after being rebuild is strong
Picture is spent, is then picked out by way of hand picking from numerous reconstruction intensity images and clearly rebuilds intensity image, and simultaneously
Determine to rebuild distance corresponding to it accurately to rebuild distance.
The content of the invention
But although the accurate reconstruction distance of digital hologram can be obtained using the determination methods of above-mentioned reconstruction distance,
But it can not realize that digital hologram rebuilds the automation numerical value of distance and judges that it is relatively complicated to rebuild the determination methods of distance, it is determined that
The time-consuming longer of distance is rebuild, it is determined that rebuilding the less efficient of distance, it is relatively low to rebuild the measurement accuracy of distance, is unfavorable for digital complete
Actualization application of the breath technology in field of optical detection.
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：The problem of existing for prior art, there is provided one kind is based on reconstruction as intensity side
The digital hologram of difference rebuilds Distance Judgment method in Jiao, using reconstruction as the variance of intensity is with rebuilding the average value as intensity
Ratio is judged the readability for rebuilding picture, analyzed, and is found and clearly rebuild intensity image and its corresponding numeral entirely
Figure accurate reconstruction distance is ceased, this method can realize that the automation numerical value that distance is rebuild for digital hologram judges, improve counterweight
Build the measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency of distance.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
It is a kind of that Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance, comprise the following steps：
Step 1: to digital hologram with a series of different reconstruction distance dnNumerical reconstruction is carried out, obtains corresponding rebuild
A series of reconstruction intensity images underReconstruction formula is used by numerical reconstruction：
, wherein, dn=d0± n △ d, n=1,2 ... ... N, N are integer, d0To rebuild the median in distance change section,
Δ d be rebuild distance change interval, F-1{ } represents inverse Fourier transform computing, U (fx, fy) divide for the frequency spectrum of digital hologram
Cloth, exp are exponential function using natural constant e the bottom of as, and j is imaginary unit, and λ is the recording wavelength of digital hologram, fxAnd fyPoint
Not Wei x and y directions spatial frequency；
Step 2: calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value variance, calculate it is each rebuild it is strong
Spend pictureImage intensity value average value, then calculate the ratio γ of above-mentioned variance and average valuenAs quantitative
Judge the foundation of reconstruction intensity image readability, ratio γnCalculation formula be：
, whereinRepresent and rebuild intensity imageImage intensity value average value,
N2To rebuild the number of pixels of intensity image；
Step 3: to rebuild distance dnFor abscissa, with ratio γnFor ordinate, d is drawnn—γnRelation curve, and
γ is found in curvenMinimum γminOr maximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance dn', the dn' it is digital hologram
Accurate reconstruction distance.
Wherein, should be in relation curve d when the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is amplitude type objectn—γnIn
Find γnMaximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance dn' accurate reconstruction the distance as digital hologram；
, should be in relation curve d when the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is phase type objectn—γnMiddle searching
γnMinimum γminCorresponding reconstruction distance dn' accurate reconstruction the distance as digital hologram.
Wherein, the amplitude type object is resolution chart or amplitude grating；The phase type object be optical element or
Tissue of biological cells.
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
In the present invention, by carrying out numerical reconstruction to digital hologram with a series of different reconstruction distances, obtain correspondingly
A series of reconstruction intensity images under are rebuild, then calculate the variance of the image intensity value of each reconstruction intensity image, Ge Gechong
The average value of the image intensity value of intensity image is built, the ratio for then calculating above-mentioned variance and average value is rebuild by force as rational judgment
Degree drops significantly as the foundation of readability, whole deterministic process without manually being differentiated to the readability for rebuilding intensity image
It is low to rebuild spent cost of labor during Distance Judgment；Pass through corresponding formula by computer in whole deterministic process
Parameter corresponding to calculating, the processing of data is time-consuming shorter, and the precision of data is higher, improves the measurement accuracy to rebuilding distance and survey
Amount efficiency；In addition, the determination methods by using rebuild as intensity variance with rebuild as intensity average value ratio counterweight
The readability for building picture is judged, analyzed, and it is accurate to find clearly reconstruction intensity image and its corresponding digital hologram
Distance is rebuild, so as to realize that the automation numerical value that distance is rebuild for digital hologram judges, and to rebuilding the measurement essence of distance
Degree is higher, higher to rebuilding the measurement efficiency of distance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the d of amplitude type object in embodiment 1n—γnRelation curve；
Fig. 2 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is -10mm is rebuild in embodiment 1 as intensity distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is 0mm is rebuild in embodiment 1 as intensity distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is 10mm is rebuild in embodiment 1 as intensity distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the d of phase type object in embodiment 2n—γnRelation curve；
Fig. 6 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is -10mm is rebuild in embodiment 2 as intensity distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is 0mm is rebuild in embodiment 2 as intensity distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is that the reconstruction obtained when distance is 10mm is rebuild in embodiment 2 as intensity distribution schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
It is a kind of that Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance, comprise the following steps：
Step 1: to digital hologram with a series of different reconstruction distance dnNumerical reconstruction is carried out, obtains corresponding rebuild
A series of reconstruction intensity images underReconstruction formula is used by numerical reconstruction：
, wherein, dn=d0± n △ d, n=1,2 ... ... N, N are integer, d0To rebuild the median in distance change section,
△ d be rebuild distance change interval, F-1{ } represents inverse Fourier transform computing, U (fx, fy) divide for the frequency spectrum of digital hologram
Cloth, exp are exponential function using natural constant e the bottom of as, and j is imaginary unit, and λ is the recording wavelength of digital hologram, fxAnd fyPoint
Not Wei x and y directions spatial frequency；
Step 2: calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value variance, calculate it is each rebuild it is strong
Spend pictureImage intensity value average value, then calculate the ratio γ of above-mentioned variance and average valuenAs quantitative
Judge the foundation of reconstruction intensity image readability, ratio γnCalculation formula be：
, whereinRepresent and rebuild intensity imageImage intensity value average value,
N2To rebuild the number of pixels of intensity image；
Step 3: to rebuild distance dnFor abscissa, with ratio γnFor ordinate, d is drawnn—γnRelation curve, and
γ is found in curvenMinimum γminOr maximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance dn', the dn' it is digital hologram
Accurate reconstruction distance.
In step 3, when the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is amplitude type object, the amplitude type object can
It is resolution chart or amplitude grating from amplitude type object, and should be in relation curve dn—γnMiddle searching γnMaximum
γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance dn' accurate reconstruction the distance as digital hologram；
When the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is phase type object, phase type thing can be selected in the phase type object
Body is optical element or tissue of biological cells, and should be in relation curve dn—γnMiddle searching γnMinimum γminCorresponding
Rebuild distance dn' accurate reconstruction the distance as digital hologram.
Embodiment 1
The testing sample of the present embodiment is amplitude type object, and the testing sample selects 1951USAF resolution charts, should
The digital hologram of 1951USAF resolution charts is in the burnt automation numerical value determination methods for rebuilding distance：
Step 1: gather the digital hologram of testing sample by CCD camera, then to the digital hologram that collects with
A series of different reconstruction distance dnNumerical reconstruction is carried out, obtains a series of reconstruction intensity images of the corresponding reconstruction underReconstruction formula is used by numerical reconstruction：
, wherein, dn=d0± n △ d, n=1,2 ... ... N, N are integer, dnSpan be -20mm to 20mm, d0For
The median in distance change section is rebuild, △ d are the change interval for rebuilding distance, and △ d are 1mm, F-1{ } represents inverse Fourier and become
Change computing, U (fx, fy) be digital hologram spectrum distribution, exp is exponential function using natural constant e the bottom of as, and j is imaginary number list
Position, λ be digital hologram recording wavelength, fxAnd fyThe respectively spatial frequency in x and y directions；
Step 2: calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value variance, calculate it is each rebuild it is strong
Spend pictureImage intensity value average value, then calculate the ratio γ of above-mentioned variance and average valuenAs quantitatively sentencing
The disconnected foundation for rebuilding intensity image readability, ratio γnCalculation formula be：
, whereinRepresent and rebuild intensity imageImage intensity value be averaged
Value, N2To rebuild the number of pixels of intensity image；
Step 3: to rebuild distance dnFor abscissa, with ratio γnFor ordinate, d is drawnn—γnRelation curve, and
γ is found in curvenMaximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance dn', the dn' be digital hologram accurate reconstruction away from
From.
In the present embodiment, the relation curve d that finally drawsn—γnAs shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that, as reconstruction distance dn' etc.
When 0mm, intensity image is rebuildImage intensity value variance and image intensity value average value ratio obtain
Maximum, therefore accurate reconstruction distance that can be using automatic decision testing sample as the digital hologram of 1951USAF resolution charts is
0mm.Reconstruction when rebuilding distance and being equal to 0mm as intensity is clearly in Jiao, as shown in figure 3, and rebuild distance be respectively equal to-
Reconstruction when 10mm, 10mm is unintelligible because defocus occurs as intensity, as shown in Figure 2,4, so as to show that testing sample is
The accurate reconstruction distance of the digital hologram of 1951USAF resolution charts is 0mm, consistent with above-mentioned automation numerical value judged result.
Embodiment 2
The testing sample of the present embodiment is phase type object, and the phase type object is using reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) technique
Obtained surface defect standard jig, the digital hologram of the surface defect standard jig is in the burnt automation numerical value for rebuilding distance
Determination methods are：
Step 1: gather the digital hologram of testing sample by CCD camera, then to the digital hologram that collects with
A series of different reconstruction distance dnNumerical reconstruction is carried out, obtains a series of reconstruction intensity images of the corresponding reconstruction underReconstruction formula is used by numerical reconstruction：
, wherein, dn=d0± n △ d, n=1,2 ... ... N, N are integer, dnSpan be -20mm to 20mm, d0For
The median in distance change section is rebuild, △ d are the change interval for rebuilding distance, and △ d are 1mm, F-1{ } represents inverse Fourier and become
Change computing, U (fx, fy) be digital hologram spectrum distribution, exp is exponential function using natural constant e the bottom of as, and j is imaginary number list
Position, λ be digital hologram recording wavelength, fxAnd fyThe respectively spatial frequency in x and y directions；
Step 2: calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value variance, calculate it is each rebuild it is strong
Spend pictureImage intensity value average value, then calculate the ratio γ of above-mentioned variance and average valuenAs quantitative
Judge the foundation of reconstruction intensity image readability, ratio γnCalculation formula be：
, whereinRepresent and rebuild intensity imageImage intensity value be averaged
Value, N2To rebuild the number of pixels of intensity image；
Step 3: to rebuild distance dnFor abscissa, with ratio γnFor ordinate, d is drawnn—γnRelation curve, and
γ is found in curvenMinimum γminCorresponding reconstruction distance dn', the dn' be digital hologram accurate reconstruction away from
From.
In the present embodiment, the relation curve d that finally drawsn—γnAs shown in Figure 5, it can be seen that, as reconstruction distance dn' etc.
When 0mm, intensity image is rebuildImage intensity value variance and image intensity value average value ratio obtain
Minimum, therefore accurate reconstruction distance that can be using automatic decision testing sample as the digital hologram of the surface defect standard jig is
0mm.Reconstruction when rebuilding distance and being equal to 0mm as intensity is clearly in Jiao, as shown in fig. 7, and rebuild distance be respectively equal to-
Reconstruction when 10mm, 10mm is unintelligible because defocus occurs as intensity, as shown in Fig. 6,8, so as to show that testing sample is the table
The accurate reconstruction distance of the digital hologram of planar defect standard jig is 0mm, consistent with above-mentioned automation numerical value judged result.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of rebuild Distance Judgment method based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance in Jiao, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
Step 1: to digital hologram with a series of different reconstruction distance dnNumerical reconstruction is carried out, obtains corresponding rebuild under distance
A series of reconstruction intensity imagesReconstruction formula is used by numerical reconstruction：
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Rebuild the change interval of distance, F-1{ } represents inverse Fourier transform computing, U (fx, fy) be digital hologram spectrum distribution,
Exp is exponential function using natural constant e the bottom of as, and j is imaginary unit, and λ is the recording wavelength of digital hologram, fxAnd fyRespectively
For the spatial frequency in x and y directions；
Step 2: calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value variance, calculate each reconstruction intensity imageImage intensity value average value, then calculate the ratio γ of above-mentioned variance and average valuenAs rational judgment
Rebuild the foundation of intensity image readability, ratio γnCalculation formula be：
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WhereinRepresent and rebuild intensity imageImage intensity value average value, N2Attach most importance to
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γ is found in linenMinimum γminOr maximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance d 'n, the d 'nThe as standard of digital hologram
Really rebuild distance.
2. Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance as claimed in claim 1, its
It is characterised by,
, should be in relation curve d when the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is amplitude type objectn—γnMiddle searching γn's
Maximum γmaxCorresponding reconstruction distance d 'nAccurate reconstruction distance as digital hologram；
, should be in relation curve d when the testing sample that digital hologram is recorded is phase type objectn—γnMiddle searching γn's
Minimum γminCorresponding reconstruction distance d 'nAccurate reconstruction distance as digital hologram.
3. Distance Judgment method is rebuild in Jiao based on the digital hologram rebuild as intensity variance as claimed in claim 2, its
It is characterised by, the amplitude type object is resolution chart or amplitude grating；The phase type object is optical element or biology
Cell tissue.
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| US20060209370A1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Holographic method with numerical reconstruction for obtaining an image of a three-dimensional object in which even points out of the depth of field are in focus, and holographic apparatus using such a method |
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