CN105697227A - 一种风光互补一体化结构 - Google Patents

一种风光互补一体化结构 Download PDF

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CN105697227A
CN105697227A CN201610306319.6A CN201610306319A CN105697227A CN 105697227 A CN105697227 A CN 105697227A CN 201610306319 A CN201610306319 A CN 201610306319A CN 105697227 A CN105697227 A CN 105697227A
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wind
light
conversion system
energy conversion
integrated structure
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李寿图
杨从新
李德顺
李银然
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/708Photoelectric means, i.e. photovoltaic or solar cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52PV systems with concentrators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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Abstract

一种风光互补一体化结构,包括聚光部件上半部分(1)、风力机及其连接件(2)、聚光部件下半部分(3)、转轴(4)、发电机(5)、尾舵(6)、尾舵支撑件(7),风力机为垂直轴风力机时,风轮高度为H,风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,聚光部件上半部分(1)和聚光部件下半部分(3)以水平中心线(OO')为对称组成一个中空的球体,在该球体的正中开设一聚风通道,球体的外表面(1-1)布满作为聚光部件的凸透镜,聚风通道外表面(1-2)布满光伏板或光电池。

Description

一种风光互补一体化结构
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电和光伏发电技术,具体涉及到风光互补的技术。
背景技术
随着可再生清洁能源的不断发展,风能和太阳的利用已经达到了一个新的高度。同时,对风能和太阳能利用技术方面的要求也越来越高,为了能够更好地弥补风能和太阳能在地域和时间上限制的不足,也曾有很多优秀的关于风光互补结构的技术设计方案。如专利CN102255566B和专利CN103061983A分别是一种通过自动跟踪太阳能的风光互补装置和风力机的聚能装置。诸如此类的设计方案,很好地解决了风能和太阳能互补的技术问题。但尚有不足,一方面是风能和太阳能的利用率还有待提高;另一方面是整体结构不紧凑。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风光互补一体化结构。
本发明是一种风光互补一体化结构,包括聚光部件上半部分1、风力机及其连接件2、聚光部件下半部分3、转轴4、发电机5、尾舵6、尾舵支撑件7,风力机为垂直轴风力机时,风轮高度为H,风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,聚光部件上半部分1和聚光部件下半部分3以水平中心线OO'为对称组成一个中空的球体,在该球体的正中开设一聚风通道,球体的外表面1-1布满作为聚光部件的凸透镜,聚风通道外表面1-2布满光伏板或光电池。
本发明达到的有益效果:1.整个结构是一个带有聚风通道的中空的圆球体。圆球的外表面是布满正菲涅尔透镜(凸透镜)的聚光部件,聚风通道的外表面上布满光伏板(光电池)。圆形表面的聚光部件既提高了太阳能对光伏板的光照强度,又不使用太阳跟踪装置,而保证光照面积(无论太能在任何位置)。风力机的聚风通道的整体形状是根据风力机贝茨理论的风力机模型得出,这样的风力机聚风通道,可提高风能利用率。同时,聚风通道对光伏板(光电池)还有降温作用,可延长光伏板(光电池)寿命。
2.聚风通道、聚光部件、光伏板和风力机集成在一起,形成风光互补一体化的结构。
附图说明
图1为本发明以H型垂直轴风力机为例的主视图,图中箭头所指方向为入流方向,图2为图1结构的左视图,图3为本发明聚光部件示意图,图4为图3左视图,图5为本发明聚风通道及其原理示意图,图6为图5左视图,图7为本发明聚光发电原理示意图,图8为本发明以水平轴风力机为例的主视图,附图标记及对应名称为:聚光部件上半部分1,聚光部件外表面1-1,聚风通道外表面1-2,风力机及其连接件2(以H型垂直轴风力机为例),聚光部件下半部分3,转轴4,若是水平轴风力机,4为塔架,发电机5,尾舵6,尾舵支撑件7。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明为了实现提高风光互补效率、实现风光互补结构一体化的技术问题所采取的技术方案做进一步说明,但它们不是对本发明的限制。
如图1、图2、图3、图5所示,本发明的风光互补一体化结构,包括聚光部件上半部分1、风力机及其连接件2、聚光部件下半部分3、转轴4、发电机5、尾舵6、尾舵支撑件7,风力机为垂直轴风力机时,风轮高度为H,风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,聚光部件上半部分1和聚光部件下半部分3以水平中心线OO'为对称组成一个中空的球体,在该球体的正中开设一聚风通道,球体的外表面1-1布满作为聚光部件的凸透镜,聚风通道外表面1-2布满光伏板或光电池。
如图5所示,聚风通道由起引流作用的入风口段L1、流动平稳段L2、第一扩散段L3和第二扩散段L4组成,入风口段L1的扩散角度为α1,第一扩散段L3和第二扩散段L4是经过风力机后流动的扩散段,其中入风口段L1的区域压力为P0,呈喇叭口状,入风口段L1的最大直径为D1,最小直径为D2,第一扩散角α1不等于零,流动平稳段L2的直径为D2,第二扩散角α2的取值范围为:45°≤α2≤60°,作用是在风力机后形成低压区,其压力是P1,P0-P1>0。
如图2、图5所示,风力机为垂直轴风力机,风轮高度为H,直径D2=(1.05~1.1)H,垂直轴风力机的转轴中心位于流动平稳段L2和第一扩散段L3交接区域处。
如图2、图5所示,风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,直径D2=(1.05~1.1)H;水平轴风力机机舱的旋转中心位于流动平稳段L2和第一扩散段L3交接区域处。
如图5所示,入风口段L1的扩散角度α1的取值范围为:10°≤α1≤30°。
如图2、图5所示,平稳流动段L2的直径D2,满足D2=(1.05~1.1)H。
风力机是垂直轴风力机时,尾舵安装在聚光部件上。
本发明带有聚风通道的中空的圆球体,风力机的聚风通道外表面布满光伏板(光电池);聚风通道有三部分组成,分别是:入风口段L1、平稳流动段L2和尾流扩散段L3和L4,且三个部分光滑过渡连接而成;功能是提高风能利用率;圆球的外表面布满正菲涅尔透镜(凸透镜)形成聚光部件,功能是聚集太阳光,增加对光伏板(光电池)的光照强度;聚光部件整体呈现球形,功能是始终保持有太阳光通过聚光部件照在光伏板上(无论太阳在任何位置)。风力机是垂直轴风力机时,尾舵安装在聚光部件上,功能是对聚光部件偏航,使得聚风通道及其风力机始终正对风向;风力机是水平轴风力机时,尾舵和风力机机舱、聚光部件连接在一起,功能是对聚光部件和风力机同步偏航,如图8所示,使得聚风通道及其风力机始终正对风向;聚风通道在聚集风能的同时,对光伏板(光电池)还有降温作用,进而延长光伏板(光电池)寿命。
下面通过本发明的工作过程,更进一步阐释高效风光互补一体化结构的动态关系。以图1所示结构为例,当风速在2m/s~25m/s之间的时候,在尾舵6的作用下使得由聚光部件上半部分1、聚光部件下半部分3组成的聚光部件整体偏航,实现聚风通道的入口段正对风向,风力机及其连接件2开始工作,进而发电,因为聚风通道的形状,可形成一个沿来流方向P0-P1>0的一个正压差,此压差可增加通过风力机的风速,进而提高风能利用率;于此同时,如果有阳光(不受风速影响),通过已经设计并调整好的聚光部件外表面1-1的正菲涅尔透镜(凸透镜)的聚光比和设计齿的角度起到聚光作用,使得聚集的光线照射在聚风通道外表面1-2的光伏板(光电池)上,进而有电能产生,具体原理如图7所示。因为有圆形表面聚光部件的作用,一方面聚集的光线强度较强,另一方面可不使用太阳跟踪装置,而保证光照面积(无论太阳在任何位置),使得聚集的光线照射在光伏板上,这样太阳能的利用率也将得到提高。通过上述就可实现本发明一种高效的风光互补一体化结构,既可以提高风光互补的效率,又可实现风光互补一体化结构的目的。

Claims (7)

1.一种风光互补一体化结构,包括聚光部件上半部分(1)、风力机及其连接件(2)、聚光部件下半部分(3)、转轴(4)、发电机(5)、尾舵(6)、尾舵支撑件(7),风力机为垂直轴风力机时,风轮高度为H,风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,其特征在于聚光部件上半部分(1)和聚光部件下半部分(3)以水平中心线(OO')为对称组成一个中空的球体,在该球体的正中开设一聚风通道,球体的外表面(1-1)布满作为聚光部件的凸透镜,聚风通道外表面(1-2)布满光伏板或光电池。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于聚风通道由起引流作用的入风口段(L1)、流动平稳段(L2)、第一扩散段(L3)和第二扩散段(L4)组成,入风口段(L1)的扩散角度为α1,第一扩散段(L3)和第二扩散段(L4)是经过风力机后流动的扩散段,其中入风口段(L1)的区域压力为P0,呈喇叭口状,入风口段(L1)的最大直径为D1,最小直径为D2,第一扩散角(α1)不等于零,流动平稳段(L2)的直径为D2,第二扩散角(α2)的取值范围为:45°≤α2≤60°,作用是在风力机后形成低压区,其压力是P1,P0-P1>0。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于风力机为垂直轴风力机,风轮高度为H,直径D2=(1.05~1.1)H,垂直轴风力机的转轴中心位于流动平稳段(L2)和第一扩散段(L3)交接区域处。
4.根据权利要求1和2所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于风力机为水平轴风力机时,风力机风轮直径为H,直径D2=(1.05~1.1)H;水平轴风力机机舱的旋转中心位于流动平稳段(L2)和第一扩散段(L3)交接区域处。
5.根据权利要求2所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于:入风口段(L1)的扩散角度α1的取值范围为:10°≤α1≤30°。
6.根据权利要求2所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于:平稳流动段(L2)的直径D2,满足D2=(1.05~1.1)H。
7.根据权利要求1和3所述的风光互补一体化结构,其特征在于:风力机是垂直轴风力机时,尾舵安装在聚光部件上。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112049756A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-08 刘嘉明 遮挡式垂直轴风力发电机

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