CN105694327A - 一种新型保水剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型保水剂,包括高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于所述的高分子吸水树脂由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐至少其中一种聚合而成。本发明能抗旱保水、保肥增效、改良土壤,促进作物生长发育,提高出苗率和成活率,干旱少雨的季节缓慢地释放自身的水份,供给苗木根部所需的水份,保证苗木的成活率,大大的提高了果树的果实产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保水剂技术领域,具体涉及一种新型保水剂。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益严重以及绿色植被的逐年减少,对人类生存环境提出了严峻的考验,特别是农业生产以及城市绿化等领域,其土壤中水分易流失,造成土壤结块,土壤沙漠化等问题,因此如何在土壤中将雨水或浇灌水迅速吸收并保住,不渗失,进而保证根际范围水份充足、缓慢释放供植物利用成为重要的研究方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的以上问题,提供一种新型保水剂。
为实现上述技术目的,达到上述技术效果,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种新型保水剂,包括高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于所述的高分子吸水树脂由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐至少其中一种聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酰胺由质量分数丙烯酰胺65份、丙烯酸钾24份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酸钠由聚丙烯酸钠80份、水19份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐由淀粉24份、丙烯酸盐65份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述新型保水剂采用下述方法制得:
1)按比例称取聚丙烯酰胺1-10份、聚丙烯酸钠1-5份、聚丙烯酸钾1-3份、聚丙烯酸铵1-6份、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐1-7份,取其中至少一种进行粉碎后混合搅拌均匀,送入反应釜;
2)在氮气保护下,按比例加入引发剂,在50-60度温度下,经过40-60分钟聚合反应后,再熟化5-7小时;
3)将熟化后的产物经造粒、干燥后得到新型保水剂。
进一步,所述的引发剂为过氧化氢、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵中的一种或几种组合。
本发明的有益效果如下:
吸水保水性:能迅速吸住200~500倍的纯水。可把以往蒸发、渗漏和流失掉的雨水或浇灌水吸收贮存起来,形成“微型水库”,天旱时释放供植物利用。因其保水力为13-14kg/㎝2,保住的水不流动不渗失,抗外界物理压力强,不会被一般的物理方法挤压出来;而一般植物根系的吸水力为16-17kg/㎝2,所以能被植物根系轻易吸收利用。
吸水、释水可逆性:环境水多时吸收、水少时释放,如此吸水、释水反复循环,仅需很少的灌溉或降雨即可,不易被环境中的微生物破坏,能够长时间保持三维立体结构,从而长期向植物供水。
吸肥、保肥性:按传统的施肥方法,很多肥料元素由于阳光的分解和雨水的冲刷,来不及被植物吸收就浪费掉了。本剂可吸附自重100倍左右的尿素,而固定在土壤中并缓慢释放,可极大的减少养分的流失,有效节肥20-40%,并将肥效期延长。
改良土壤:因其颗粒吸水后膨胀而释水后缩小,可使土壤形成团粒多孔结构、松软透气,既满足植物需求,又可增加粘土的通透性和沙土的持水力。
安全性:PH值中性,在释放的水分中没有不良物质,对环境和植物无毒无害,不随雨水流失,多年后自然降解,还原为氨态氮、水和少量钾离子,有效改良土壤。
降温、保温性:土壤中掺入本剂后,由于水分大提高了墒情,降低了热传导率,使用后的土壤白天温度可降低1-4℃,晚上温度提高2-4℃,缩小了昼夜温差。
适用性:无论是农林作物还是绿化植物,任何季节、任何地方、任何环节都可以用。可反季节播种定植、随时建植绿化。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明结合以下实施例作进一步描述。
实施例1:一种新型保水剂,包括高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于所述的高分子吸水树脂由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐至少其中一种聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酰胺由质量分数丙烯酰胺65份、丙烯酸钾24份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酸钠由聚丙烯酸钠80份、水19份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐由淀粉24份、丙烯酸盐65份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述新型保水剂采用下述方法制得:
1)按比例称取聚丙烯酰胺1份、聚丙烯酸钠3份、聚丙烯酸钾2份、聚丙烯酸铵5份、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐2份,进行粉碎后混合搅拌均匀,送入反应釜;
2)在氮气保护下,按比例加入过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵,在50℃下,经过40分钟聚合反应后,再熟化7小时;
3)将熟化后的产物经造粒、干燥后得到新型保水剂。
实施例2:一种新型保水剂,包括高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于:所述的高分子吸水树脂由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐至少其中一种聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酰胺由质量分数丙烯酰胺65份、丙烯酸钾24份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酸钠由聚丙烯酸钠80份、水19份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐由淀粉24份、丙烯酸盐65份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述新型保水剂采用下述方法制得:
1)按比例称取聚丙烯酰胺3份、聚丙烯酸钠1份、聚丙烯酸钾2份、聚丙烯酸铵3份、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐1份,进行粉碎后混合搅拌均匀,送入反应釜;
2)在氮气保护下,按比例加入过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵,在55℃下,经过50分钟聚合反应后,再熟化6小时;
3)将熟化后的产物经造粒、干燥后得到新型保水剂
本发明为提供一种新型保水剂,本保水剂抗旱保水、保肥增效、改良土壤,促进作物生长发育,提高出苗率和成活率,干旱少雨的季节缓慢的释放自身的水份,供给苗木根部所需的水份,保证苗木的成活率,大大的提高了果树的果实产量。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制;凡本行业的普通技术人员均可按说明书所示和以上所述而顺畅地实施本发明;但是,凡熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种新型保水剂,包括高分子吸水树脂,其特征在于:所述的高分子吸水树脂由聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐至少其中一种聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酰胺由质量分数丙烯酰胺65份、丙烯酸钾24份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的聚丙烯酸钠由聚丙烯酸钠80份、水19份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述的淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐由淀粉24份、丙烯酸盐65份、水10份、交联剂1份聚合而成;所述新型保水剂采用下述方法制得:
1)按比例称取聚丙烯酰胺1-10份、聚丙烯酸钠1-5份、聚丙烯酸钾1-3份、聚丙烯酸铵1-6份、淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐1-7份,取其中至少一种进行粉碎后混合搅拌均匀,送入反应釜;
2)在氮气保护下,按比例加入引发剂,在50-60度温度下,经过40-60分钟聚合反应后,再熟化5-7小时;
3)将熟化后的产物经造粒、干燥后得到新型保水剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型保水剂,其特征在于:所述的引发剂为过氧化氢、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵中的一种或几种组合2。
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Cited By (8)
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CN106234412A (zh) * | 2016-09-21 | 2016-12-21 | 河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | 提高玉米作物抗旱能力的抗旱剂、调控方法及灌溉装置 |
CN106386169A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 佛山市高明区生产力促进中心 | 一种鲜生长蘑菇的种植方法 |
CN106748052A (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | 一种抗旱保水增产剂及其制备方法 |
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CN106748052A (zh) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | 一种抗旱保水增产剂及其制备方法 |
CN107674680A (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-02-09 | 浦江县美泽生物科技有限公司 | 酸化土壤改良剂 |
CN108849897A (zh) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-23 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | 一种油菜耐旱种子包衣剂 |
CN109870554A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | 一种室内快速测定红壤旱地钾素生物有效性的方法 |
CN111567383A (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-25 | 中晟华兴国际建工有限公司 | 一种高吸水性种植网、垂直植物墙及种植方法 |
CN111567383B (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-03-22 | 中晟华兴国际建工有限公司 | 一种高吸水性种植网、垂直植物墙及种植方法 |
CN112352496A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-12 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | 一种草原斑块沙地的修复方法 |
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