A kind of application of modified calcium silicates and simultaneously removal heavy metal in waste water and phosphorus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of modified calcium silicates and preparation method thereof, and remove the application of heavy metal in waste water and phosphorus simultaneously, belong to environmental project and field of waste water treatment。
Background technology
In recent years, along with the extensive development heavy metal pollution of chemical enterprise is increasingly severe, the heavy metal that water is discharged, even if concentration is little, it is possible to accumulates in algae and bed mud, is adsorbed by fish and shellfish body surface, produces food chain concentration, thus causing public hazards。Strong interaction can be there is with protein and various enzyme in heavy metal in human body, make them lose activity, it is likely in some organ of human body and is enriched with, if it exceeds the tolerant limit of human body, human body acute poisoning, subacute poisoning, chronic poisoning etc. can be caused, people be known from experience and causes very big harm, such as, (cadmium pollution, etc. nuisance disease, is all caused by heavy metal pollution for the minamata disease (mercury pollution) of Japan's generation and Itai-itai diseases。
Substantial amounts of nitrogenous, phosphorus discharge of wastewater, in water body, brings serious body eutrophication problem, causes strong influence to people's life。But, P elements is again non-renewable resources on the earth, and on the earth, minable phosphate rock resource only reaches 50 years according to statistics。How to remove the P elements in waste water efficiently and reclaim these precious resources, with ensure economy, life sustainable developability extremely urgent。
Generally, the method removing heavy metal has: the sedimentation method and ion exchange。Tradition intermediate processing in most commonly used with hydroxide precipitation method, this method has the feature such as small investment, low, the processing ease grasp of processing cost, but this method can produce problems with: a lot of chemical reagent need to be added, reduce the probability of direct reuse heavy metal, need to processing the mud containing chemical waste and heavy metal, industrial water can not save reuse。Ion exchange as a kind of very ripe technique process various electroplating technologies poaching wastewater time, in eluent soda acid and plating solution ion efficiently separate and the disposal of spent resin is the major issue needing to solve, it addition, the problems such as its regenerated liquid processes, the enrichment of broken, the impurity of resin are subject to other challenge processing technique。
The method removing Phosphorus From Wastewater element has: chemical method and biological method。Wherein, chemical method is by adding crystalline material, under certain conditions, through absorption and crystallization, waste water good for pretreatment is reached good phosphor-removing effect, but adds crystalline material and not only increase process costs, be also easily subject to the impact of environmental condition。Biological method process costs is very low, but because of complicated operation, reaction time length and easily cause guanite (ammoniomagnesium phosphate has very strong adhesiveness) fouling and ultimately result in dephosphorization efficiency low in anaerobism section。Therefore, how to choose crystalline material and reduce its process costs, how to improve bioprocess technology reaction efficiency, just becoming the focus of growing interest。
Early stage of the present invention invention (application number: 201310647958.5), shortcoming is: 1, need to add a certain amount of dispersant, owing to dispersant price is higher and the kind of dispersant and used in amounts strictly to control, so should avoid the use of dispersant in a manufacturing process as far as possible;2, the quantity of stirring pool is more, and three stirring pools occupy substantial amounts of site area, can seriously hinder the extensive process manufacturing modified calcium silicate absorbent later;3, the modified calcium silicates absorbent particles sometimes prepared is full not, causes that particle diameter can only achieve 0.3-60 μm。
This method mainly has three innovative points, and 1, dispersant need not be added, which save more expense owing to organic dispersing agent price is higher and decrease the factor needing to control of preparation process;2, decrease the quantity of stirring pool, now only need two stirring pools, directly silicon source stirring pool solution is added to calcium source stirring pool with a constant speed and so not only saved substantial amounts of site area, moreover it is possible to silicon source material can be contacted with calcium source substance more fully;3, this new flow process of ageing is added, when calcium source substance and silicon source material need ageing after fully reacting, this process of ageing not only can make the fuller specific surface area of granule of calcium silicates bigger but also will not increase the cost of preparation, and particle diameter is reduced to 0.1-30 μm by 0.3-60 μm before。
Integrating and see, by new preparation technology, not only cost is greatly saved, and particle diameter is also more tiny, is made that huge contribution for its use of large-scale production in the future。
Summary of the invention
First technical problem that the invention solves the problems that is to provide a kind of modified calcium silicates。The mass fraction that the modified calcium silicates of described finished product contains calcium be 30%-60%, silicon mass fraction be 20%-40%, water mass fraction be 0%-10%。
Described calcium source material is calcium nitrate, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride etc., it is preferable that calcium nitrate。
Described silicon source material is sodium silicate, potassium silicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, orthosilicate based etc., it is preferable that sodium silicate, potassium silicate。
The calcium of described modified calcium silicates: silicon (C:S) mol ratio is between 1-2, containing 0-10% water。
Described modified calcium silicates particle diameter, by controlling the conditions such as calcium silicon mol ratio, the mixing speed of mixed reaction pond and temperature, controls particle size range at 0.1-30 μm, it is possible to select different-grain diameters according to different running environment。
The preparation method that second technical problem that the invention solves the problems that is to provide a kind of described modified calcium silicates, mainly comprises the steps:
(1) adding calcium source substance in the dissolving tank of calcium source, controlled concentration, at about 1mol/L, adds the silicon source material that calcium silicon mol ratio is 1-2 respective concentration simultaneously in the dissolving tank of silicon source;(2) after solute is completely dissolved in two dissolving tanks, add the solution of calcium source dissolving tank to silicon source dissolving tank with the speed of 2-3mL/min, reaction temperature 60-80 DEG C, mix and blend speed be 60-150r/min when keep hybrid reaction be about 4-6h;(3) thick modified calcium silicates step (2) drawn carries out ageing, and particle diameter carries out washing and filtering after reaching 0.1-30 μm, obtains modified calcium silicates finished product after high temperature drying。
Preferred preparation scheme is: (1) adds concentration in the dissolving tank of calcium source is the calcium nitrate of 1mol/L, and add concentration in the dissolving tank of silicon source is the sodium silicate of 0.67mol/L simultaneously;(2) after solute is completely dissolved in two dissolving tanks, adding the solution of calcium source dissolving tank to silicon source dissolving tank with constant speed, the reaction temperature of hybrid reaction is 80 DEG C, and mix and blend speed is 100r/min, and the hybrid reaction time is 6h;(3) the thick modified calcium silicates drawn from mixing pit carries out washing and filtering after the ageing of 24h, is 110 DEG C in temperature and obtains modified calcium silicates finished product after drying。
The present invention improves in the patent before this laboratory that (its preparation method is referring to national inventing patent-application number: 201310647958.5), mainly there are three innovative points, 1, dispersant need not be added, which save more expense owing to organic dispersing agent price is higher and decrease the factor needing to control of preparation process;2, decrease the quantity of stirring pool, now only need two stirring pools, directly silicon source stirring pool solution is added to calcium source stirring pool with a constant speed and so not only saved substantial amounts of site area, moreover it is possible to silicon source material can be contacted with calcium source substance more fully;3, this new flow process of ageing is added, when calcium source substance and silicon source material need ageing 24h after fully reacting, this process of ageing not only can make the fuller specific surface area of granule of calcium silicates bigger but also will not increase the cost of preparation, and particle diameter is reduced to 0.1-30 μm by 0.3-60 μm before。Integrating and see, by new preparation technology, not only cost is greatly saved, and particle diameter is also more tiny, is made that huge contribution for its use of large-scale production in the future。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the adsorbent removal to nickel of different quality。
Fig. 2 is the adsorbent removal to phosphorus of different quality。
Fig. 3 is the adsorbent removal to nickel and phosphorus simultaneously of different quality。
Fig. 4 is the adsorbent dosage prepared by patented method when being 2.0g/L, and in solution, phosphorus concentration is over time。
Fig. 5 is the adsorbent dosage prepared by contrast method when being 2.0g/L, and in solution, phosphorus concentration is over time。
Detailed description of the invention
The preparation of embodiment 1 calcium silicate absorbent
(1) adding concentration in the dissolving tank of calcium source is the calcium nitrate of 1mol/L, and add concentration in the dissolving tank of silicon source is the sodium silicate of 0.67mol/L simultaneously;(2) after solute is completely dissolved in two dissolving tanks, adding the solution of calcium source dissolving tank to silicon source dissolving tank with the speed of 2mL/mi, the reaction temperature of hybrid reaction is 80 DEG C, and mix and blend speed is 100r/min, and the hybrid reaction time is 4h;(3) the thick modified calcium silicates drawn from mixing pit carries out ageing, and particle diameter carries out washing and filtering after being reduced to 30 μm, is 110 DEG C in temperature and obtains modified calcium silicates finished product after drying。
The preparation of embodiment 2 calcium silicate absorbent
(1) adding concentration in the dissolving tank of calcium source is the calcium nitrate of 1mol/L, and add concentration in the dissolving tank of silicon source is the sodium silicate of 0.5mol/L simultaneously;(2) after solute is completely dissolved in two dissolving tanks, adding the solution of calcium source dissolving tank to silicon source dissolving tank with the speed of 3mL/mi, the reaction temperature of hybrid reaction is 60 DEG C, and mix and blend speed is 60r/min, and the hybrid reaction time is 6h;(3) the thick modified calcium silicates drawn from mixing pit carries out ageing, and particle diameter carries out washing and filtering after being reduced to 0.1 μm, is 100 DEG C in temperature and obtains modified calcium silicates finished product after drying。
The preparation of embodiment 3 calcium silicate absorbent
(1) adding concentration in the dissolving tank of calcium source is the calcium nitrate of 1mol/L, and add concentration in the dissolving tank of silicon source is the sodium silicate of 1mol/L simultaneously;(2) after solute is completely dissolved in two dissolving tanks, adding the solution of calcium source dissolving tank to silicon source dissolving tank with the speed of 2.5mL/mi, the reaction temperature of hybrid reaction is 70 DEG C, and mix and blend speed is 150r/min, and the hybrid reaction time is 5h;(3) the thick modified calcium silicates drawn from mixing pit carries out ageing, and particle diameter carries out washing and filtering after being reduced to 15 μm, is 100 DEG C in temperature and obtains modified calcium silicates finished product after drying。
Embodiment 4 modifiies calcium silicate absorbent application in processing waste water
The modified calcium silicate absorbent prepared is added in waste water, speed stirring solution with 80r/min, charging post-modification calcium silicates can mix with waste water moment, because modified calcium silicates has bigger specific surface area than other adsorbents, thus being more easy to the phosphate anion in water and heavy metal ion adsorbed to surface。After stirring 1h, allow solution left standstill 0.5h, supernatant qualified discharge。
When water inlet is for the nickeliferous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, in reaction tank, add 0.2 respectively, 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4, the modified calcium silicates of 1.6g/L, make Fig. 1;When water inlet is for the phosphorous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, in reaction tank, add 0.2 respectively, 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8, the calcium silicates of 2.0g/L, make Fig. 2;When water inlet is the waste water of 100mg/L for nickeliferous and phosphorus concentration, in reaction tank, add 0.2 respectively, 0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4, the calcium silicates of 1.6g/L, make Fig. 3。When water inlet is the nickeliferous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, when modified calcium silicates addition is 1.0mg/L, water outlet nickel is 0.05mg/L, qualified discharge;When water inlet is the phosphorous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, when modified calcium silicates addition is 2.0mg/L, water outlet phosphorus is 0.41mg/L, qualified discharge;When water inlet is the waste water that nickeliferous and phosphorus concentration is 100mg/L, when modified calcium silicates addition is 1.2mg/L, water outlet nickel is 0.01mg/L, and water outlet phosphorus is 0.35mg/L。
The application in processing waste water of the 5 two kinds of calcium silicate absorbent of embodiment
When water inlet is for the phosphorous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, in reaction tank, add the modified calcium silicate absorbent of 2.0g/L, and respectively 1,2,5,10,30,60min sampling make Fig. 4;When water inlet is the phosphorous waste water that concentration is 100mg/L, add in reaction tank 2.0g/L before prepare modified calcium silicate absorbent (its preparation method is referring to national inventing patent-application number: 201310647958.5), and respectively 1,2,5,10,30,60min sampling make Fig. 5。From Fig. 5, we can see that the calcium silicate absorbent consumption prepared by aging method is that 2.0g/L clearance when 60min is only 60.63%, and we can see that from Fig. 4 the calcium silicate absorbent consumption that methods described herein prepare is that 2.0g/L clearance when 60min reaches 99.60%, and standard water discharge discharge。
Although the present invention is with preferred embodiment openly as above; but it is not limited to the present invention, any person skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; all can doing various changes and modification, therefore protection scope of the present invention should with being as the criterion that claims define。