CN105690040A - Pouring and polishing process for propeller and copper alloy formula for propeller - Google Patents
Pouring and polishing process for propeller and copper alloy formula for propeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN105690040A CN105690040A CN201610208762.XA CN201610208762A CN105690040A CN 105690040 A CN105690040 A CN 105690040A CN 201610208762 A CN201610208762 A CN 201610208762A CN 105690040 A CN105690040 A CN 105690040A
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- propeller
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- copper alloy
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- blade
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pouring and polishing process for a propeller and a copper alloy formula for the propeller. A copper-aluminum alloy consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 7-10% of aluminum, 8-20% of manganese, 4-6% of iron, 1-3% of nickel, 1-6% of zinc, 0.1-0.3% of titanium, 0.1-0.3% of chromium, 0.010-0.025% of cobalt and the balance of copper. On the basis of the copper alloy, microelements of titanium, chromium and cobalt are added, so that the toughness, cavitation erosion resistance and seawater corrosion resistance of the propeller are integrally improved, and the service life of the propeller is prolonged. A propeller workpiece is polished into a finished product through the working procedures of primary milling, detecting, polishing, blade surface coarse grinding, milling, edging and finishing; the finished product is high in smoothness and good in levelling effect; a stress structure cannot be damaged; water resistance during use is small; and the service life is long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to propeller system technology for making field, particularly to copper alloy formula and the cast of propeller, the technique for grinding of propeller。
Background technology
Propeller be hull one of main dynamics equipment, the kinetic energy that hull is carried by it converts the power of ship running to, so the workmanship of propeller and technique just seem particularly significant, the main manufacture material of propeller is generally based on copper alloy, cast iron and cast steel。
The shortcoming that existing propeller exists has: the anti-vacuolus denudation poor-performing of propeller made with copper alloy；Low with castiron propeller machine intensity, matter is crisp and easily broken, easily by seawater corrosion；With the propeller that cast steel is made, its casting process is unified there is deformation；Cast steel is more susceptible to sea water intrusion than other metals simultaneously。
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of copper alloy manufacturing propeller, it is on the basis of copper alloy, with the addition of titanium, chromium, cobalt trace element, be integrally improved the corrosivity of the toughness of propeller, anti-vacuolus denudation performance and sea water, add its service life。
The above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention has the technical scheme that a kind of copper alloy manufacturing propeller, it is characterized in that, described albronze is made up of according to weight ratio following component: aluminum is 7-10%, manganese be 8-20%, ferrum is 4-6%, nickel is 1-3%, zinc to be 1-6%, titanium be 0.1-0.3%, chromium are 0.1-0.3%, cobalt is 0.010-0.025%, and all the other are copper。
The present invention with the addition of manganese, ferrum, nickel, zinc element on the basis of copper aluminum, improves its shock resistance and decay resistance；Titanium elements joins in aluminium bronze, not only form the high-melting-point thing phases such as TiAl, the copper alloy of follow-up solidification is played Heterogeneous Nucleation effect, refining alloy tissue, and the cooling procedure that titanium elements is after alloy graining is formed solid solution and intermetallic compound, reinforced alloys with Cu。Chromium has very strong corrosion resistance, it is possible to improve the corrosion resistance of propeller；Cobalt is active metal, at high temperature movable violent；Add trace cobalt and be possible not only to improve the distributing homogeneity of element, and itself there is good antiseptic property；Substantially increase the anti-vacuolus denudation performance of propeller and the corrosivity of sea water。
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of propeller cast, technique for grinding, and its feature comprises the following steps:
The first step: smelting copper alloy
S101. slightly refining: put into heating in smelting furnace by the copper alloy of above-mentioned formula and dissolve；Place nitrogen blowing device simultaneously in smelting furnace top, carry out little pressure, low discharge nitrogen flushing；
S102. refine: thick refining is complete, then in metallic solution, add oryolite, the consumption of oryolite is the 0.1% of alloy mass；Furnace heats is warming up to 1000 degree, adds the copper alloy refine deslagging agent that mass fraction is 0.4%；
Second step: cast
S201. metallic solution complete for refine is injected in running gate system；Wherein, poring rate is 1.85m/s, pouring temperature 1170 degree；
S202. adopting electric central warm air furnace to be dried by propeller foundry goods after being poured, then insulation is cooled to depanning；
S203. propeller foundry goods yellow sand is covered and bury to 24 hours；
S204. propeller foundry goods is carried out sand removal, last gas cutting rising head；
3rd step: polishing
S301. just milling: mill the projection on top layer, propeller blade face, burr and overlap；
S302. detection: detection is inclined between the pitch of propeller, thickness, rake, axial distance；
S303. polishing: polishing processing blade face；
S304. roughly grind blade face: mill along crator, whole blade face flattened, repair suitable, oar shell and R fillet place are polished；
S305. milling: Milling Process blade back and large end face make oar shell and blade root fairing transition to the oar shell of blade back root；
S306. edging: grind off boring and milling vestige and milling imbalance weight；
S307. ending: polishing milling downhand welding scar, flattens blade back and is polished by oar shell。
This cast, technique for grinding overcome that the oxidizing slag of existing technique is many, polishing is slow, the shortcoming of manufacturing cycle length；By the propeller that this cast, technique for grinding manufacture, substantially increase the overall mechanical properties of propeller；Also shorten the whole manufacturing cycle simultaneously。
The present invention is arranged further, and when protruding, burr and overlap being processed in first milling process, in addition blowing processes。
First milling process processing, by blowing, the projection, burr and the overlap that milling are dropped blow off, thus facilitating milling, again at surface of the work, workpiece will not be caused damage by friction because of the projection dropped, burr and overlap。
The present invention is arranged further, the air temperature of blowout by about room temperature gradual change to 60 DEG C then again gradual change be down to room temperature。
First milling process first heats up and then lowers the temperature again, so in the process of milling can with the degree of milling time workpiece surface become smooth gradually, in the process that milling completes gradually, by lowering the temperature, the molecule liveness on surface is reduced, so that its surface reaches the effect of approximate consolidation, thus ensure that the surface of the work smoothness after just milling is high, and globality bonding strength is not damaged, long service life。
The present invention is arranged further, and the ratio of the mouth of a river cross-sectional area in running gate system is: F peg gate: the horizontal mouth of a river of F drainage screen: F: water osculum in F: the big mouth=1.5:1:3.5:5:12 of water in F。
The mouth of a river of existing running gate system, because of unreasonable structure, there will be surging phenomenon in upper water process, has caused a large amount of oxidizing slag to produce；Very big trouble is brought to lower one deoxygenation slag operation；Extend the whole manufacturing cycle。
The present invention is so arranged, and the mouth of a river is open, steadily goes up water, stops surging phenomenon occur in upper water process；Reduce oxidizing slag to produce, accelerate except oxidizing slag operation, shorten the whole manufacturing cycle。
The present invention is arranged further, when detecting labelling, makes the contact point on cubing and blade face be perpendicular to the coaxial circle cylinder at same Radius of the contact point up and down of pitch line and cubing。
When detecting labelling, the contact point of cubing Yu blade face being perpendicular to pitch line, be maintained with upper and lower contact point on the coaxial circle cylinder of same Radius, so during detection, accuracy is high, and personal error will not occur, thus ensureing that polishing precision is high。
In sum, the method have the advantages that
1, the shortcoming that existing copper aluminium alloy capability is not enough is overcome, it is proposed that a kind of new nickel-aluminum bronze manufactures material, it is possible to takes into account castability and mechanical performance simultaneously, and greatly exceed the performance level of existing manufacture material。
2, by the operation of first milling-detection-polishing-corase grind blade face-milling-edging-ending by propeller grinding workpieces finished product, finished product smoothness is high, planarization effects is good, stress structure will not damage, and during use, suffered water resistance is little, long service life。
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter the present invention is described in further detail。
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; the present embodiment can be made the amendment not having creative contribution as required by those skilled in the art after reading this specification, but as long as being affected by the protection of Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention。
Embodiment 1
A kind of copper alloy manufacturing propeller, described albronze is made up of according to weight ratio following component: aluminum is 7%, manganese is 8%, ferrum is 4%, and nickel is 1%, zinc is 1%, titanium is 0.1%, chromium is 0.1%, and cobalt is 0.010%, and all the other are copper。
A kind of propeller cast, technique for grinding, comprise the following steps:
The first step: smelting copper alloy
S101. slightly refining: put into heating in smelting furnace by the copper alloy described in above-mentioned formula and dissolve；Place nitrogen blowing device simultaneously in smelting furnace top, carry out little pressure, low discharge nitrogen flushing；
S102. refine: thick refining is complete, then in metallic solution, add oryolite, the consumption of oryolite is the 0.1% of alloy mass；Furnace heats is warming up to 1000 degree, adds the copper alloy refine deslagging agent that mass fraction is 0.4%；
Second step: cast
S201. metallic solution complete for refine is injected in running gate system；Wherein, poring rate is 1.85m/s, pouring temperature 1170 degree；
S202. adopting electric central warm air furnace to be dried by propeller foundry goods after being poured, then insulation is cooled to depanning；
S203. propeller foundry goods yellow sand is covered and bury to 24 hours；
S204. propeller foundry goods is carried out sand removal, last gas cutting rising head；
Wherein, the ratio of the mouth of a river cross-sectional area in running gate system is: F peg gate: the horizontal mouth of a river of F drainage screen: F: water osculum in F: the big mouth=1.5:1:3.5:5:12 of water in F。So arrange, the mouth of a river is open, steadily go up water, stop that surging phenomenon occurs in upper water process；Reduce oxidizing slag to produce, accelerate except oxidizing slag operation, shorten the whole manufacturing cycle。
3rd step: polishing
S301. play heavy industry and strike job number, leaf steel seal。
The job number risen on heavy industry verification workpiece requires consistent with the job number in " production process card " and production technology, rotation direction。Beaing job number, leaf number steel letters in the upper surface of oar shell, the number that the number of each blade has been compiled with foundry shop is as the criterion, and what drawing technique required is as the criterion by drawing technique。
S302. workpiece transport is first heated to adding in hot tank by polishing work, heat to workpiece surface temperature be 30 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C。Then transport, mill the projection on top layer, propeller blade face, burr and overlap, and be mounted with hair-dryer when milling in its side and just milling part blown process, it is ensured that chip is blown open in time, and it is to be checked that product winches to detection region。And simultaneously, in the process of milling, it is heated processing to the wind of blowout。Whole heating process was determined according to the time of milling, and the originally milling time gradually rises to about 60 DEG C, then near room temperature gradually again。
S303. play heavy industry to be winched on suitable screw pitch gauge by propeller according to the specification of propeller。
S304. detection work detection pitch。The chaining pin of screw pitch gauge is directed at tip of propeller blade labelling by detection work, after graduated disc being directed at " 0 " position simultaneously or resetting, measures pitch by the requirement of " blade processing special process "。
S305. detection work is measured and is calculated axial location size and carries out polishing record simultaneously, and it is thick that polishing work should coordinate detection work to measure leaf。Detection work is thick with each pitch point leaf of polishing work bow compass and ruler point-to-point measurement and records polishing record。
S306. detection work calculates pitch processing capacity。Testing result and " blade processing special process " are compared by detection work, consider incline between pitch, thickness, rake, influencing each other between axial location, use no or little the franchise of each geometric parameter as far as possible, under the premise not affecting blade face, with few processing blade face for principle, calculate each pitch axial processing capacity of point, and using axial processing capacity sincerity cos α (α is the angle of pitch) as calculating processing amount。
S307. detection work verification leaf thickness surplus, and calculating processing amount is labeled on the pitch point of correspondence。
Polishing work processing blade face。Polishing work by institute's scale value with power drill hole, by the degree of depth in the vernier caliper measurement hole of 0-125mm, brill limit, limit to survey, with anti-drilling deeply。
Carry out milling according to drilling depth, add and note man-hour retaining boring vestige, ensure blade face fairing as far as possible。
Processing oar shell small end cylindrical, and instruct processing blade face R circle with R fillet model, processing limit, limit R round template is made axially to check along midline, and closing gap is not more than 1mm, simultaneously by oar shell and the processing fairing of blade root transitional region, so as to seamlessly transit。
S308. blade face is roughly ground。In the course of processing on whole blade face, blade face flatness to be checked through conventional straight steel ruler, it is ensured that the smooth fairing in blade face。
S309. midway, blade face detection。
Measure pitch and axial location size。Defective for blade face position is irised out by polishing work chalk, and notification technique person processes, and needs the defect of soldering, is completely removed after totally until rejected region, detection work make a record。Whole blade face along crator, is flattened, repaiies suitable, oar shell and R fillet place are polished by polishing work mill。
S310. blade face is checked by detection work by " flatness, light compliance, roughness standard specimen ", inspection declaration blade face, self-inspection qualified backward Quality Control portion。
Detection work draws each Ri line in blade face and center line。
Detection work makees blade tip model。
On blade face, blade tip profile is described with blade tip model。
Make the position leading lagging edge marginal point, check marginal point thickness。
With batten by each marginal point smooth connection。
S311. polishing work presses line cutting edge。
Work is led at each Ri line, lagging edge sidewall measures to blade back direction by blade face in detection, and stamps sample punch mark。
Edge model need to be used to instruct the oar of processing, and polishing work gets required blade face radius gauge to workshop show house, is used for instructing processing blade face edge shape。
S312. polishing work processing blade back。
Polishing work gets required leaf thickness model to workshop show house, according to leaf thickness model marking pen on blade face each Ri line subscript there emerged a thickness point position, and write corresponding each thickness point place, measure Ye Houshi, it is noted that the contact point on clamp and blade face must be perpendicular to pitch line, require that the contact point of clamp bit must on the coaxial circle cylinder of same Radius simultaneously。
Calculating the allowance of each point, be labeled on the correspondence position of blade back simultaneously, allowance a is calculated by following formula:
A=t1-t2-(1 ~ leaf thickness plus tolerance upper limit)
In formula: t1 is corresponding point actual measurement thickness；
T2 is corresponding point standard thickness。
Blade back processing capacity chalk is marked at the corresponding position of blade back。Shoot eye according to blade back mark value, and with the vernier caliper measurement of 0-125mm, brill limit, limit to measure, with anti-drilling deeply。
Milling Process blade back and large end face, to the oar shell of blade back root, note retaining boring vestige, and oar shell and blade root answer fairing transition, instruct processing with R fillet model if desired。
S312. edge is done。Polishing work get to workshop show house required lead, with edge model；
By edge model by the principle advanced by collar extension footpath mouth inward, processing limit, limit advances, and closing gap is not more than 0.5mm。
Grind off boring and milling vestige, milling process adds metal fragment in hole, may collect in first milling process by the metal fragment of milling place, directly apply to here, the Appropriate application of resource, the process of mill is gradually added into metal fragment, and fluency during according to milling gradually reduces the bright of addition, by remaining metal fragment blowout after having ground。
Polishing work repetition measurement leaf is thick, while ensureing that leaf thickness combination process requires, and milling imbalance weight。
S313. corase grind, leveling, polishing blade back and oar shell。
Polishing work pen irises out blade back and the defect of oar shell part, delivers to argon arc welder's welding。
Polishing work milling downhand welding scar, oar shell is also polished by leveling blade back。
S314. resume classes balance。
Detection work checks and accepts balance, the qualified backward Quality Control portion procedure inspection person's inspection declaration of self-inspection。
Detection work checks and accepts leaf thickness, leaf width and roughness, flatness, light compliance, and the qualified backward Quality Control portion procedure inspection person of self-inspection takes inspection。
Play heavy industry and weigh this oar actual mass, and write with chalk in oar shell full position, detection work be responsible for making a record。
After slot or punching terminate, blade face, blade back, oar shell are all polished or turk by polishing work again。
In polishing or turk process, polishing work should check each machined surface, it has been found that has residual defects to process in time。
Play heavy industry and on oar shell, beat steel seal according to QW/CP-01 " finished product mark way "。
Adopting the propeller manufacturing material manufacture that present case produces after testing, the performance possessed is as follows: propeller yield point 330N/mm2, tensile strength >=650N/mm2, elongation percentage 19.5%, higher than the mechanical performance of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material propeller。The propeller performance index of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material: yield point 245N/mm2, tensile strength >=590N/mm2, the performance standard of elongation percentage 16%。
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 difference from Example 1 is in that: a kind of copper alloy manufacturing propeller, described albronze is made up of according to weight ratio following component: aluminum is 8%, manganese is 15%, ferrum is 5%, nickel is 2%, zinc is 3%, titanium is 0.2%, chromium is 0.1%, and cobalt is 0.02%, and all the other are copper。
Adopting the propeller manufacturing material manufacture that present case produces after testing, the performance possessed is as follows: propeller yield point 320N/mm2, tensile strength >=660N/mm2, elongation percentage 18.5%, higher than the mechanical performance of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material propeller。The propeller performance index of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material: yield point 245N/mm2, tensile strength >=590N/mm2, the performance standard of elongation percentage 16%。
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 difference from Example 1 is in that: a kind of copper alloy manufacturing propeller, described albronze is made up of according to weight ratio following component: aluminum is 10%, manganese is 20%, ferrum is 6%, nickel is 3%, zinc is 6%, titanium is 0.3%, chromium is 0.3%, and cobalt is 0.025%, and all the other are copper。
Adopting the propeller manufacturing material manufacture that present case produces after testing, the performance possessed is as follows: propeller yield point 300N/mm2, tensile strength >=680N/mm2, elongation percentage 20.5%, higher than the mechanical performance of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material propeller。The propeller performance index of existing nickel-aluminum bronze material: yield point 245N/mm2, tensile strength >=590N/mm2, the performance standard of elongation percentage 16%。
Claims (6)
1. the copper alloy manufacturing propeller, it is characterized in that, described albronze is made up of according to weight ratio following component: aluminum is 7-10%, manganese be 8-20%, ferrum is 4-6%, and nickel is 1-3%, zinc to be 1-6%, titanium be 0.1-0.3%, chromium are 0.1-0.3%, cobalt is 0.010-0.025%, and all the other are copper。
2. propeller cast, a technique for grinding, its feature comprises the following steps:
The first step: smelting copper alloy
S101. slightly refining: copper alloy as claimed in claim 1 is put into heating in smelting furnace and dissolves；Place nitrogen blowing device simultaneously in smelting furnace top, carry out little pressure, low discharge nitrogen flushing；
S102. refine: thick refining is complete, then in metallic solution, add oryolite, the consumption of oryolite is the 0.1% of alloy mass；Furnace heats is warming up to 1000 degree, adds the copper alloy refine deslagging agent that mass fraction is 0.4%；
Second step: cast
S201. metallic solution complete for refine is injected in running gate system；Wherein, poring rate is 1.85m/s, pouring temperature 1170 degree；
S202. adopting electric central warm air furnace to be dried by propeller foundry goods after being poured, then insulation is cooled to depanning；
S203. propeller foundry goods yellow sand is covered and bury to 24 hours；
S204. propeller foundry goods is carried out sand removal, last gas cutting rising head；
3rd step: polishing
S301. just milling: mill the projection on top layer, propeller blade face, burr and overlap；
S302. detection: detection is inclined between the pitch of propeller, thickness, rake, axial distance；
S303. polishing: polishing processing blade face；
S304. roughly grind blade face: mill along crator, whole blade face flattened, repair suitable, oar shell and R fillet place are polished；
S305. milling: Milling Process blade back and large end face make oar shell and blade root fairing transition to the oar shell of blade back root；
S306. edging: grind off boring and milling vestige and milling imbalance weight；
S307. ending: polishing milling downhand welding scar, flattens blade back and is polished by oar shell。
3. propeller according to claim 2 cast, technique for grinding, is characterized in that, when protruding, burr and overlap being processed in first milling process, in addition blowing processes。
4. propeller according to claim 3 cast, technique for grinding, it is characterized in that, the air temperature of blowout by about room temperature gradual change to 60 DEG C then again gradual change be down to room temperature。
5. propeller according to claim 2 cast, technique for grinding, is characterized in that, the ratio of the mouth of a river cross-sectional area in running gate system is: F peg gate: the horizontal mouth of a river of F drainage screen: F: water osculum in F: the big mouth=1.5:1:3.5:5:12 of water in F。
6. propeller according to claim 2 cast, technique for grinding, is characterized in that, when detecting labelling, makes the contact point on cubing and blade face be perpendicular to the coaxial circle cylinder at same Radius of the contact point up and down of pitch line and cubing。
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| CN111778426A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-10-16 | 海安县恒益滑动轴承有限公司 | Alloy for high-speed train motor friction disc and preparation method thereof |
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| 安智勇等: "英德劳氏船级杜(LR及GL)螺旋桨用铜合金的试制熔炼论证及认可", 《热加工工艺》 * |
| 秦乐天等: "铝青铜高速螺旋桨熔模铸造工艺", 《特种铸造及有色合金》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107363470A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-11-21 | 广州市番禺远航螺旋桨制造有限公司 | A kind of propeller quick shaping process |
| CN111778426A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-10-16 | 海安县恒益滑动轴承有限公司 | Alloy for high-speed train motor friction disc and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN105690040B (en) | 2018-04-03 |
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