CN105689628A - Forging process for wind power main shaft made of 34CrNiMo6 steel - Google Patents
Forging process for wind power main shaft made of 34CrNiMo6 steel Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process for a wind power main shaft made of 34CrNiMo6 steel. The forging process comprises the steps such as normal-temperature steel ingot three-stage heating, first-time heating for forging, second-time heating for forging, third-time heating for forging, fourth-time heating for forging, fifth-time heating for forging, sixth-time heating for forging, thermal treatment after forging, fine processing and the like. The forging process for the wind power main shaft made of 34CrNiMo6 steel is simple in step; by adopting multi-time upsetting-stretching and die forging and forming, intercrystalline link can be prevented from being broken because of pressure stress, development of intercrystalline slipping deformation is facilitated, and crystalline grains of a main shaft alloy structure can be effectively refined, so that tensile strength, yield strength, impact toughness, ductility, area reduction performance and the like of the wind power main shaft are improved, and therefore, the steel tissue compactness is high, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the main shaft are strong.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of forging of the present invention, is specifically related to the Forging Technology of a kind of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis。
Background technology
By the end of the end of the year in 2012, the accumulative installed capacity of China's wind-powered electricity generation reached 75,320,000 kw, keeps the total installation of generating capacity whole world first。Running of wind generating set, in natural environment, experiences the test of the various extreme climate such as temperature, wind-force throughout the year, and stressing conditions is extremely complex。Due to the maximization of Wind turbines, the structure of parts is increasing, and in Wind turbines, the design of critical piece and manufacturing issue will be more prominent。Main shaft is parts important in wind power generating set, and volume is big, and quality is big。From the operation practical situation of Wind turbines both domestic and external, main shaft fracture is the principal mode that main shaft lost efficacy, in order to improve the safety and reliability of main shaft, it is necessary to assure main shaft has reliable intensity, rigidity and enough fatigue lives。Improve innovation ability and manufacturing technology level is that whole industry is proposed specific requirement, be also the guarantee of aerogenerator unit safe reliability service。In wind power generating set, main shaft assume responsibility for the various load that impeller passes over, and delivers torque to step-up gear, and axial thrust, pneumatic moment of flexure are passed to cabin and pylon。The spindle material of Wind turbines should have good comprehensive mechanical performance (good quenching degree, intensity, wearability, toughness), to adapt to heavily stressed and resistance to shock loads effect。
A kind of disclosed in CN103469092A utilize the 34CrNiMo6 steel for the method for raw material production blower fan main shaft, including refine, forging (jumping-up, pulling, die-forging forming), heat treatment and polish。Upsetting pull process (upsetting pull number of times and upsetting pull method) in above-mentioned forging process does not describe in detail, and upsetting pull number of times is unfavorable for that forging material microcosmic forms microscopic structure less, and crystal grain is relatively big, and gained forging mechanical performance is poor；Forging final forging temperature in above-mentioned patent is 750 DEG C, and at this temperature, plastic deformation is low, and resistance of deformation increases, malleability is poor, crackle in coarse grained metal is easily generated and extends, and absorption at break energy is less, therefore shows relatively low toughness, yield strength and tensile strength。The heat treatment method of a kind of large-sized shaft-part disclosed in CN103451402B, wherein hardening heat is 830～880 DEG C, temperature is 500～640 DEG C, hardening heat and temperature value wider range, and employing laser heating, the tendency of the Austenite Grain Growth of gained shaft member is big, and just tissue is relatively thick, is also unfavorable for optimizing the comprehensive mechanical performance of shaft member。It is therefore desirable to wind power principal axis Forging Technology of the prior art is improved and optimizes。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect existed in prior art, it is provided that the Forging Technology of the 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis that a kind of internal flaw is few, steel mechanical property is stable。
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that the Forging Technology of a kind of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: by room temperature steel ingot Three-section type heating to initial forging temperature 1180 ± 10 DEG C, insulation；
S2: the one heat forging, steel ingot is first light compressed steel ingot one week after coming out of the stove, two ends acute angle is blunt, raw footage is the steel ingot vertically rear jumping-up of H, when stopping forging, upset ratio is 1.9～2.1, then according to the one direction pulling that the blank rotational order interval successively of 0 °-180 °-90 °-180 ° carries out single one side drafts 10～14% is 2.1H～2.4H to charge length, forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S3: the second fire time forging, forging come out of the stove after chamfered edge, continuing jumping-up to blank height is H, repeats jumping-up and the pulling operation of S1, and forging melts down heating to initial forging temperature and be incubated；
S4: the three fire time forging, forging repeats the chamfered edge of S2, jumping-up and pulling operation after coming out of the stove, forging is rotated 45 °, with and S1 in identical blank rotational order interval successively carry out one direction and pull out to obtain all directions axis body of predetermined process, number coining trace determines flange section and axle body section, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S5: the four fire time forging, forging pulls out axle body section to the predetermined full-size of spindle shaft figure after coming out of the stove, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S6: the five fire time forging, forging is come out of the stove laggard flange head mould, depresses flange head molding, melts down heating to 1170～1180 DEG C, insulation, is then cooled to 1080～1100 DEG C of insulation 2～3h；
S7: the six fire time forging, pulls out forging axle body section further to main shaft axle body end size；
S8: forging through heat treatment after forging, roughing, Tempering and Quenching, finished product processing, obtains 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis successively。
In order to make steel ingot internal temperature uniform, insulation is conducive to realizing at a constant temperature structural transformation, thermal stress and/or the structural transformation stress of avoiding each position of steel ingot are excessively concentrated, 34CrNiMo6 steel is made to have higher plasticity and the resistance of deformation told somebody what one's real intentions are under initial forging temperature, preferred technical scheme is, Heating Process of Ingots in S1 is, room temperature steel ingot is rapidly heated to 350 DEG C, in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, insulation 0.18～0.22h/100mm, it is continuously heating to 550 DEG C, insulation 0.18～0.22h/100mm, it is warming up to 850 DEG C, insulation 0.36～0.44h/100mm, finally it is warming up to 1180 ± 10 DEG C。
When the steel of poor thermal conductivity heats, surface of steel ingot and center there will be the bigger temperature difference, ectonexine non-homogeneous expansion is caused to produce temperature stress, in order to avoid producing excessive temperature stress and centre burst occurring, the heat conductivity making heating rate and steel ingot matches, preferred technical scheme is, in the temperature range that steel ingot is 350 DEG C to 550 DEG C, heating rate is 95～105 DEG C/h；In the temperature range that steel ingot is 850 DEG C to 1180 ± 10 DEG C, heating rate is 75～80 DEG C/h。
Preferred technical scheme is, the technical process of heat treatment after forging is: S3 gained forging is cooled to 550 DEG C, entering stove and be incubated 4.5～5.5 hours, be warming up to 890 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 20～24 hours, come out of the stove when being uniformly cooled to 350 ± 5 DEG C soon, entering stove and be incubated 4～4.5 hours, be then warming up to 680 ± 5 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 34～36 hours, when cooling to the furnace below 250 DEG C, forging is come out of the stove and is cooled to room temperature。
In order to optimize the comprehensive mechanical performance of shaft member further, preferred technical scheme is, the technical process of Tempering and Quenching is: with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, forging is warming up to 400 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3～3.5 hours, then it is warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, samming is incubated 5～5.5 hours, then it is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 17～19 hours, quenching in first liquid medium, it is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is warming up to 300 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3～3.5 hours, then 620 ± 10 DEG C it are warming up to, samming is incubated 28～30 hours, second liquid medium middling speed is cooled to 200 DEG C of then air coolings。
Preferred technical scheme is, forging be placed in one before the initial temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium all less than 30 DEG C, forging be placed in one after the temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium less than 40 DEG C。
In order to ensure that blank can obtain tiny crystal grain after having enough plasticity and stopping forging, it is preferred that technical scheme is, the final forging temperature of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 is all not less than 850 DEG C。
In order to make each site tissue in steel ingot or forging uniform, optimizing forging effect, it is preferred that technical scheme is, in S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, the isothermal holding after forging heating is: in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, is incubated 0.8～0.9h/100mm。
Advantages of the present invention and having the beneficial effects that:
The Forging Technology step of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis is simple, by adopting repeatedly upsetting pull and die-forging forming, owing to compressive stress can stop the destruction that intergranular contacts, be conducive to the development that instracrystalline slip deforms, can effectively refine main shaft alloy structure crystal grain, make the tensile strength of wind power principal axis, yield strength, impact flexibility, elongation percentage and section shrinkage performance etc. also be improved therewith；Repeatedly upsetting pull can smash the massive carbide in steel alloy, and makes its serviceability being uniformly distributed to improve wind power principal axis；Structure of steel microscopic observation is shown, the main shaft that above-mentioned Forging Technology prepares defines metal fibrous tissue, and metallic fiber is along the main shaft maximum weighted directional spreding of part, and structure of steel consistency is high, and the comprehensive mechanical property of main shaft is strong。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described。Following example are only for clearly illustrating technical scheme, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this。
Embodiment 1
The Forging Technology of the 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis of embodiment 1, comprises the steps:
S1: by room temperature steel ingot Three-section type heating to initial forging temperature 1180 ± 10 DEG C, insulation；
S2: the one heat forging, steel ingot is first light compressed steel ingot one week after coming out of the stove, two ends acute angle is blunt, raw footage is the steel ingot vertically rear jumping-up of H, when stopping forging, upset ratio is 2.1, then according to the one direction pulling that the blank rotational order interval successively of 0 °-180 °-90 °-180 ° carries out single one side drafts 14% is 2.4H to charge length, forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S3: the second fire time forging, forging come out of the stove after chamfered edge, continuing jumping-up to blank height is H, repeats jumping-up and the pulling operation of S1, and forging melts down heating to initial forging temperature and be incubated；
S4: the three fire time forging, forging repeats the chamfered edge of S2, jumping-up and pulling operation after coming out of the stove, forging is rotated 45 °, with and S1 in identical blank rotational order interval successively carry out one direction and pull out to obtain all directions axis body of predetermined process, number coining trace determines flange section and axle body section, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S5: the four fire time forging, forging pulls out axle body section to the predetermined full-size of spindle shaft figure after coming out of the stove, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S6: the five fire time forging, forging is come out of the stove laggard flange head mould, depresses flange head molding, melts down heating to 1170～1180 DEG C, insulation, is then cooled to 1080～1100 DEG C of insulation 3h；
S7: the six fire time forging, pulls out forging axle body section further to main shaft axle body end size；
S8: forging through heat treatment after forging, roughing, Tempering and Quenching, finished product processing, obtains 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis successively。
Heating Process of Ingots in S1 is, is rapidly heated by room temperature steel ingot to 350 DEG C, in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, insulation 0.22h/100mm, is continuously heating to 450 DEG C, is incubated 0.22h/100mm, it is warming up to 950 DEG C, is incubated 0.44h/100mm, is finally warming up to 1180 ± 10 DEG C。
The technical process of heat treatment after forging is: S3 gained forging is cooled to 550 DEG C, enter stove and be incubated 5.5 hours, it is warming up to 890 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 24 hours, comes out of the stove when being uniformly cooled to 350 ± 5 DEG C soon, enters stove and be incubated 4.5 hours, then it is warming up to 680 ± 5 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 36 hours, and when cooling to the furnace below 250 DEG C, forging is come out of the stove and is cooled to room temperature。
Tempering and Quenching adopts the heat treatment method disclosed in CN103451402B, and hardening heat is 850 ± 5 DEG C, temperature retention time 7h, adopts oil cooling, and oil temperature 70 DEG C, in oil, cool time is 45 ± 15min；Temperature is 595 ± 5 DEG C, temperature retention time 10h, adopts water-cooled, water temperature 50 DEG C, 10min cool time in water after tempering。
The final forging temperature of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 is 840 DEG C。
In S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, the isothermal holding after forging heating is: in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, is incubated 0.7h/100mm。
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is based on embodiment 1, and Forging Technology is specifically distinctive in that:
When stopping in S2 to forge, upset ratio is 1.9, and pulling to charge length is 2.1H；
1080～1100 DEG C of insulation 2h it are cooled to after S6: the five fire time forging；
Heating Process of Ingots in S1 is, is rapidly heated by room temperature steel ingot to 350 DEG C, in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, insulation 0.18h/100mm, is continuously heating to 550 DEG C, is incubated 0.18h/100mm, it is warming up to 850 DEG C, is incubated 0.36h/100mm, is finally warming up to 1180 ± 10 DEG C。
In the temperature range that steel ingot is 350 DEG C to 550 DEG C, heating rate is 95 DEG C/h；In the temperature range that steel ingot is 850 DEG C to 1180 ± 10 DEG C, heating rate is 75 DEG C/h。
The technical process of Tempering and Quenching is: with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, forging is warming up to 400 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3 hours, then it is warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, samming is incubated 5 hours, then it is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 17～19 hours, quenching in first liquid medium, it is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is warming up to 300 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3 hours, then being warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 28 hours, and second liquid medium middling speed is cooled to 200 DEG C of then air coolings。
Before forging is placed in one, the initial temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium is 40 DEG C, and after forging is placed in one, the temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium controls below 50 DEG C。
The final forging temperature of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 is 850 DEG C。
In S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, the isothermal holding after forging heating is: in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, is incubated 0.8h/100mm。
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3, based on embodiment 2, is distinctive in that:
When stopping in S2 to forge, upset ratio is 2, and pulling to charge length is 2.25H；
1080～1100 DEG C of insulation 3h it are cooled to after S6: the five fire time forging；
Heating Process of Ingots in S1 is, is rapidly heated by room temperature steel ingot to 350 DEG C, in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, insulation 0.2h/100mm, is continuously heating to 550 DEG C, is incubated 0.12h/100mm, it is warming up to 850 DEG C, is incubated 0.4h/100mm, is finally warming up to 1180 ± 10 DEG C。
In the temperature range that steel ingot is 350 DEG C to 550 DEG C, heating rate is 105 DEG C/h；In the temperature range that steel ingot is 850 DEG C to 1180 ± 10 DEG C, heating rate is 80 DEG C/h。
Before forging is placed in one, the initial temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium is 25 DEG C, forging be placed in one after the temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium less than 40 DEG C。
The final forging temperature of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 is 890 DEG C。
In S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, the isothermal holding after forging heating is: in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, is incubated 0.9h/100mm。
Comparative example
Comparative example 1 directly heats to the temperature range of 1180 ± 10 DEG C with 60 DEG C/h。
Comparative example 2 saves S3 the second fire time forging process；
Comparative example 3 saves chamfered edge, jumping-up and pulling operation in S3 the second fire time forging process and S4；
Other technological parameters of comparative example 1,2 and 3 are with embodiment 3。
According to the rules the tensile strength of main shaft, yield strength, toughness, elongation percentage, the contraction percentage of area, metallographic are detected respectively。Measured value is shown in following table:
In embodiment 3, final forging temperature is high, and holding temperature is higher, and compared to embodiment 2 and embodiment 1, forging process energy consumption is higher。
The steel matter of embodiment and comparative example adopts the steel ingot of same batch, and first liquid medium is Japan of Japan JEF series inorganic macromolecular composite water-soluble quenching medium, and second liquid medium adopts saline。
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (8)
1. the Forging Technology of a 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: by room temperature steel ingot Three-section type heating to initial forging temperature 1180 ± 10 DEG C, insulation；
S2: the one heat forging, steel ingot is first light compressed steel ingot one week after coming out of the stove, two ends acute angle is blunt, raw footage is the steel ingot vertically rear jumping-up of H, when stopping forging, upset ratio is 1.9～2.1, then according to the one direction pulling that the blank rotational order interval successively of 0 °-180 °-90 °-180 ° carries out single one side drafts 10～14% is 2.1H～2.4H to charge length, forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S3: the second fire time forging, forging come out of the stove after chamfered edge, continuing jumping-up to blank height is H, repeats jumping-up and the pulling operation of S1, and forging melts down heating to initial forging temperature and be incubated；
S4: the three fire time forging, forging repeats the chamfered edge of S2, jumping-up and pulling operation after coming out of the stove, forging is rotated 45 °, with and S1 in identical blank rotational order interval successively carry out one direction and pull out to obtain all directions axis body of predetermined process, number coining trace determines flange section and axle body section, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S5: the four fire time forging, forging pulls out axle body section to the predetermined full-size of spindle shaft figure after coming out of the stove, and forging melts down heating and to initial forging temperature and is incubated；
S6: the five fire time forging, forging is come out of the stove laggard flange head mould, depresses flange head molding, melts down heating to 1170～1180 DEG C, insulation, is then cooled to 1080～1100 DEG C of insulation 2～3h；
S7: the six fire time forging, pulls out forging axle body section further to main shaft axle body end size；
S8: forging through heat treatment after forging, roughing, Tempering and Quenching, finished product processing, obtains 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis successively。
2. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, Heating Process of Ingots in S1 is, is rapidly heated by room temperature steel ingot to 350 DEG C, in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, insulation 0.18～0.22h/100mm, it is continuously heating to 550 DEG C, is incubated 0.18～0.22h/100mm, is warming up to 850 DEG C, insulation 0.36～0.44h/100mm, is finally warming up to 1180 ± 10 DEG C。
3. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the temperature range that steel ingot is 350 DEG C to 550 DEG C, heating rate is 95～105 DEG C/h；In the temperature range that steel ingot is 850 DEG C to 1180 ± 10 DEG C, heating rate is 75～80 DEG C/h。
4. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the technical process of heat treatment after forging is: S3 gained forging is cooled to 550 DEG C, enter stove and be incubated 4.5～5.5 hours, it is warming up to 890 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 20～24 hours, come out of the stove when being uniformly cooled to 350 ± 5 DEG C soon, enter stove and be incubated 4～4.5 hours, then it is warming up to 680 ± 5 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 34～36 hours, and when cooling to the furnace below 250 DEG C, forging is come out of the stove and is cooled to room temperature。
5. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the technical process of Tempering and Quenching is: with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, forging is warming up to 400 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3～3.5 hours, then it is warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C with the heating rate less than 80 DEG C/h, samming is incubated 5～5.5 hours, then it is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C by technique, samming is incubated 17～19 hours, quenching in first liquid medium, it is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is warming up to 300 ± 10 DEG C, samming is incubated 3～3.5 hours, then 620 ± 10 DEG C it are warming up to, samming is incubated 28～30 hours, second liquid medium middling speed is cooled to 200 DEG C of then air coolings。
6. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, forging be placed in one before the initial temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium all less than 30 DEG C, forging be placed in one after the temperature of first liquid medium and second liquid medium less than 40 DEG C。
7. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the final forging temperature of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 is all not less than 850 DEG C。
8. the Forging Technology of 34CrNiMo6 steel wind power principal axis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, the isothermal holding after forging heating is: in the maximum effective thickness of steel ingot, is incubated 0.8～0.9h/100mm。
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| CN106238661A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-21 | 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 | The hollow forging technique of large-scale wind electricity main-axis |
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| CN115740314A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-07 | 南京工程学院 | Anti-cracking and energy-saving forging process for high-strength large-scale forging |
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