CN105683489A - Control system and apparatus for delivery of a non-aqueous fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Control system and apparatus for delivery of a non-aqueous fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN105683489A CN105683489A CN201480047861.3A CN201480047861A CN105683489A CN 105683489 A CN105683489 A CN 105683489A CN 201480047861 A CN201480047861 A CN 201480047861A CN 105683489 A CN105683489 A CN 105683489A
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- proppant
- reservoir
- ejector
- pressure
- fracturing fluid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
- E21B21/062—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by mixing components
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
A system is described that provides for proppant to be blended into a liquefied gas fluid stream 101 with an eductor 104 to produce a proppant slurry 107 which is effectively controlled by the use of a control valve system 105 and associated PLC controller. This system ensures allowing for operation of the system at various static pressures and keeps the proppant completely fluidized throughout the fracing operation.
Description
Technical field
Describe the control system of enforcement for ejector (eductor)-combiner technique and correlation technique and equipment, for providing function proppant material being expelled in the anhydrous frac fluid stream used in hydraulic pressure pressure break (fracturing) operates. Described system and equipment includes ejector, provide closing container, being arranged on ejector and the valve closed between container and for changing the control pressurer system of the pressure in the sand bin of closing during fracturing operation of proppant reservoir. This control system uses control valve position to regulate and set the delivery rate that proppant supplies to give to mix in ejector with anhydrous fluid with the combination of proppant reservoir pressure, and controls the proppant concentration in frac fluid stream.
Background technology
Using carbon dioxide is known to increase the oil and natural gas yield of reservoir. Compared with conventional fluid such as water, pressure break based on liquefied gas is unique, and has some advantage in water-sensitive and low-pressure stratum, including promoting fluid reflux (namely, be recovered in frac treatment use water/fluid), this makes the formation damage caused by water be minimized. Referring to the MichaelJ.Economides of the EnergyTribunePublishing company of Texas, USA Houston " raising gas production " (S.Weiss, Ed.) literary composition write in " pressure break in the present age (ModernFracturing) " of T.M. (2007). The LCO used in frac treatment2It is typically in well head (wellhead) place and is added to the high-pressure spray of water and proppant (being generally the solid of various sizes and density, for instance sand, polymer beads, tracer, gravel etc.). Water and proppant are combined and add independent pressurization LCO2Stream is to form CO2The most conventional method of energization fracturing fluid. This is suitable to a great extent, because under atmospheric pressure being mixed with water by proppant and that then proppant is added into (that is, higher than 75.1psia) carbon dioxide of liquid under the pressure higher than the three phase point of carbon dioxide is simply too much.
There is following equipment can use: described equipment can be used in little frac treatment (such as, arranging up to about 20 tons of proppants) directly to be mixed with the fracturing fluid based on liquid carbon dioxide by proppant). This equipment includes pressurizing vessel and collecting pipe system, this collecting pipe system before high-pressure pump by mixed with proppants to liquid CO2In stream. Proppant is loaded into CO2In blender. Blender is sealed, and is then filled with CO2. During fracturing process, proppant is mixed in fracturing fluid by hydraulically powered auger (auger), or is fed through controlling valve by gravity. Referring to the MichaelJ.Economides of the EnergyTribunePublishing company of Texas, USA Houston " raising gas production " (S.Weiss, Ed.) literary composition write in " pressure break in the present age (ModernFracturing) " of T.M. (2007). Once a collection of LCO2Being depleted with proppant, frac treatment must terminate or suspend, in order to refills blender with other proppant.
As, described in U.S. Patent No. 4,374,545, previous effort provides generation proppant and LCO2The batch processing of pressure break slurry. Each unit can both measure the proppant of the supply single type up to 20 tons and by using metering-type auger to solve proppant supply control problem. The LCO that the bottom of container is carried out2Add and make flowable and without steam proppant slurry leave system and the pressure being able to maintain that in container.
In another kind of system described in U.S. Patent No. 8,408,289 and U.S. Patent No. 8,689,876, which depict upright vessel, wherein proppant is measured supply to the LPG(liquefied petroleum gas as base fracturing fluid) in. By using gravity (by controlling valve) or by one or more augers, proppant loading in LPG frac fluid stream changes, wherein said one or more auger is arranged on interior and along proppant supply source the bottom of proppant supply source and arranges, or is arranged in the outside of proppant supply source. (nitrogen form) noble gas is pumped in container to maintain container pressure during operation, so that it is guaranteed that LPG mixture maintains liquid phase, in case backflow is in container.
The on-mechanical pump of such as ejector etc can be used in mixed with proppants to frac fluid stream. On-mechanical pump has the advantage without moving component, it is common that low cost, for simple equipment component, and uses at large in relevant material introduces. Such as, international publication No.WO2012087388 describes the ejector system for being introduced by polymeric additive and be blended in frac fluid stream.
For solids treatment and mixing liquid ejector generally use the relation depended critically upon between flow type pump with injection (motiveflow) the fluid stream (when not adding proppant) of ejector (that is, enter) and the speed of solid entrainment to control solid concentration. When liquid is through the convergent nozzle of ejector, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, thus producing high-speed jet. This energy variation causes that the local of static pressure reduces, thus creating the intrinsic suction of ejector. This suction allows the material to be inhaled in ejector and by fluid (LCO2Deng) carry secretly. Ejector is used for dual purpose: carries out the mixing in nozzle and is drawn in fluid by material to guarantee close mixing. Method by more routines, for instance use the proppant of sand or similar material to provide water base slurry, the viscosity of water contributes to being drawn into by solid material in the ejector body that suction occurs. When must be set up relatively low viscous fluid (compared with water) such as liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) in granule suspend time, occur in that difficulty. The present invention is pumped by device to solve, in the way of controlled more completely, the demand being added to by proppant in this fluid by being transported to by the fracturing fluid of homogenizing before injecting at well head.
It is used for making nitrogen and mixed with proppants with pressure break underground petroleum and natural gas formations or coal seam at the system and method described in U.S. Patent No. 7,735,551. Proppant and natural gas be blended under the pressure being enough to fracturing stratum to occur. In one embodiment, use ejector to be incorporated in steam stream by proppant, and ejector connects with well head. Proppant material controls valve by using and is fed into ejector from proppant reservoir under gravity, or by using auger to be conditioned. Described system provides use valve position or auger speed and enters in steam stream to regulate proppant, thus the proppant realizing specifying loads. Pressure in the headroom of proppant reservoir is maintained at steady state value in whole well stimulation (stimulation) process.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of controlling organization, it is for operating proppant transport to liquefied gas such as LCO2In system, for pressure break subsurface formations. Although liquefied gas discussed herein is with LCO2Exemplarily, but liquefied gas can also be the combination of Immiscible fluid and non-Immiscible fluid, for instance CO2With the combination of methanol, CO2Combination with biodiesel or CO2Combination with water. Specifically, the controlling organization developed use ejector control together with proppant the stowing pressure (padpressure) (narrated later) in valve and proppant reservoir in a substantially uniform manner by proppant Loading Control in the concentration specified.
It is a further object to provide the system that one is designed to make proppant mix under being markedly inferior to the pressure of surface treatment pressure (such as, 400PSI or lower than 400PSI) with fracturing fluid.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide following a kind of system, and wherein: ejector can use together with liquid, and wherein, described system does not use auger that the proppant entering fracturing fluid is measured.
After have studied description, accompanying drawing and claims, other purposes of the present invention and aspect will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The present invention describes a kind of system and relevant device, for by using ejector to revise the proppant entrainment rate with liquefied gas or relatively low viscosity (namely less than the viscosity of water under 1 centipoise (cP)) liquid (such as carbon dioxide). More specifically, this system uses proppant reservoir, valve, ejector and pressure source to provide the suitable concentration of the proppant in the flowing stream of fracturing fluid, for making the Oil/gas Well that subsurface formations is such as new and the well production increment existed. In the present invention, do not use auger that proppant flow is measured. Container and atmospheric sealing leave, to realize suitable pressure correction. Include the operating pressure of equipment in the present invention of proppant reservoir and ejector in the scope of about 100 to 400PSI.
Solid Conveying and Melting liquid-type ejector is used to make proppant mix in main liquid stream and accelerate. The size of ejector can change (having different nozzles and afterbody) to adapt to the flow rate needed for specific well. Once the traffic demand of flow type pump with injection is it has been determined that just executive control system. This control system use at least one valve to control proppant from one or more pressurization proppant reservoirs to ejector flowing so that material mixes with flow type pump with injection. Gas and/or liquid are supplied to the top of proppant reservoir, to control the static pressure (narrated later) in proppant reservoir. Revise the static pressure in proppant reservoir and expand to the scope of the realized proppant flow rate in from reservoir to ejector.
In one aspect of the invention, it is provided that the method for the proppant concentration in a kind of fracturing fluid controlling to use in the well stimulation of subsurface formations. The method includes:
With the pressure of about 150 to 400psig, the driving fluid stream of liquefied gas is supplied to ejector, wherein liquefied gas is starched with proppant or proppant and is mixed to form fracturing fluid in ejector, and wherein pressurization proppant reservoir is arranged on the position of proppant slurry supply at least one ejector;
A. the stowing pressure in pressurization proppant reservoir is changed to about 40psi from about-30psi; And
B. change further the proppant being arranged between ejector and pressurization proppant reservoir and control valve, control in from about 0.1lbs/gal to the scope of about 10lbs/gal with the proppant concentration by the proppant in fracturing fluid.
In another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that the system of the proppant concentration in a kind of fracturing fluid controlling to use in the well stimulation of underground. This system includes:
A., proppant reservoir is provided, this proppant reservoir has proppant or proppant is starched and is arranged on and proppant or proppant are starched the supply position to ejector;
B., ejector is provided, in order to receive the driving fluid stream of the liquefied gas under the pressure being between 150psig to 450psig, wherein ejector is arranged on below proppant reservoir, and receive proppant from proppant reservoir or proppant slurry be subsequently formed ejector exit containing the fluid of proppant; And
C. the proppant being arranged between proppant reservoir and ejector is provided to control valve, wherein the stowing pressure in proppant reservoir is changed to about 40psi from about-30psi, thus the proppant obtained in fracturing fluid is from about 0.1lbs/gal to the concentration range of about 10lbs/gal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The above-mentioned and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from from figure below, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is chart, it is shown that when the use of water and liquefied carbon dioxide being compared, the difference between the impact of flow type pump with injection flow rate and sand/proppant quality stream.
Fig. 2 is chart, it is shown that the impact of the concentration of the proppant in the frac fluid stream of the stowing pressure multiple positions on being controlled valve by computer.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment depicting blender/reservoir system, and this system provides the controlled injection of proppant and proppant to mix with the controlled of liquefied gas fluid, and wherein liquefied gas fluid is used for using ejector that geo-logical terrain is carried out pressure break.
Fig. 4 is the further view of another embodiment of overall system, it is shown that some process control aspect.
The figure that Fig. 5 is the various proppants control valve position under the injection flow rate and low stowing pressure of 23gal/min represents.
The figure that Fig. 6 is the various proppants control valve position under the injection flow rate and high stowing pressure of 23gal/min represents.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to for providing the of the fracturing fluid system continuously or semi-continuously supplied and equipment, wherein the method for flow rate and control flow rate uses ejector, proppant can be thoroughly mixed with fluid during the generation of frac fluid stream, and controlled by use and the proppant reservoir pressure of control valve. As used herein, " fracturing fluid " or " fracturing fluid " is employed interchangeably, and refers to the product being transported downstream to fracturing pump. Ejector and relevant valve must suitably be sized providing the composite fluid proppant of proppant and generation starch with expect concentration efficient acceleration this depend on required fracturing fluid flow rate. Operable ejector such as includes ejector pump, suction pump, venturi pump, siphon-pump, aspirator, mixing tee pipe, syringe pump etc. Ejector can include variable-sized nozzle or hole, and it can pass through programmable logic controller (PLC) etc. and be controlled, to maintain net positive suction head (NPSH) pressure in proppant reservoir downstream, as narrated later. This makes it possible to use large-scale flow rate when not changing nozzle or ejector self. In the suction side of ejector, it is provided with big reservoir (being called proppant reservoir) for keeping dry proppant or proppant slurry (proppant and liquefied gas, the mixture being likely to also other additives). Proppant or the flowing from reservoir to fluid stream of the proppant slurry are controlled by the valve being arranged on ejector and reservoir. For the purpose of the disclosure, this valve is referred to as " proppant control valve ". It can be include the one in the polytype of sliding gate, cutter valve, pinch valve and choke valve that this proppant controls valve. Proppant is by hatchway or is loaded in reservoir by air pressure filling, and then container is sealed. Then one or more dry gas or liquefied gas can be added in system. Dry gas is usually added to the top of reservoir to prevent proppant to be atomized.
Liquefied gas can pass through to use the independent liquid line (be expressed as liquid and add circuit) of the bottom being attached to container to be added the bottom by reservoir, or alternately, is added into the suction side of ejector. Liquefied gas is added into the bottom of reservoir at first, to prevent from forming air pocket. During frac treatment, liquefied gas can also be added into the bottom of reservoir, to promote the formation of solid-liquefied gas float.
The use of the preparation of described system and the equipment for performing processing method is generally described as follows: proppant is loaded in proppant reservoir, with gas reservoir is pressurized to the pressure of more than the triple point pressure (triplepointpressure) higher than liquefied gas, to guarantee that liquid is retained in reservoir when annex solution activating QI.
Once flow type pump with injection is it has been established that proppant controls the mixing that valve is just opened to start proppant material with frac fluid stream. Proppant in fracturing fluid loads and/or the flow rate of combination stream generally uses nuclear density meter, magnetic flowmeter, coriolis flowmeter or other suitable measurement apparatus to measure. In the present invention, proppant controls the adjustment of the aperture (that is, between the aperture of multiple sizes) of valve position based on the solid concentration recorded manually method or by using automatic computer-controlled control loop to determine. The proppant that the control of the opening and closing of valve makes it possible to entering ejector carries out suitable metering. The concentration of the solid in fracturing fluid and proppant loading synchronous. The larger range of operability (hereinafter will be described in) regulated for providing valve of the static pressure in proppant reservoir. By the static pressure in adjustment proppant control valve and adjustment proppant reservoir, proppant is carried out metering and provide the desired proppant loading of the fracturing fluid to per gallon (or other liquid measure units). This loading or concentration are generally in the scope of per gallon at least 0.1lbs to 10lbs. For specific fracturing operation, preferred range between 0.1lbs/gallon to 4bls/gallon.
The use that stowing pressure (is defined as the pressure differential between headroom and the outlet of ejector of proppant reservoir) in the present invention provides extension and realizes the necessary static pressure of the overall capacity that desired proppant loads. In the present invention, the static pressure in reservoir is measured as the pressure differential compared with the pressure that the outlet place in eductor pump is measured of the bottom place at reservoir.
The change of static pressure realizes usually by controlling the supply gas-pressurized (such as gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen) at top or the flow of liquid (such as liquefied carbon dioxide) to proppant reservoir. The excess pressure in the headroom of reservoir in addition it is possible to use unloading pressure control valve is released. It is desirable that stowing pressure changes in the process of fracturing operation, and opereating specification maintains between-20psi to 30psi. Excessive stowing pressure can result in frac fluid stream and loads high proppant loading than desired proppant. Too high stowing pressure can result in proppant and controls the sensitivity raising of valve, and the accurately control of desired proppant concentration will be more difficult to realize. In this case, stowing pressure should reduce. Alternately, too low stowing pressure can result in the restriction to the proppant flow from proppant reservoir so that the proppant concentration in fracturing fluid is lower than setting value. In this case, stowing pressure should increase.
Operating quiescent pressure and ejector discharge pressure must be maintained the steam pressure exceeding fracturing fluid at the working temperature and/or exceed required NPSH. Such as, suitable pressure is maintained to guarantee liquid carbon dioxide (LCO-2) in high pressure fracture pump, remain monophasic fluid (liquid) need about 50psiNPSH, or at least need to be substantially higher than normal, the pressure of saturation conditions that safely and reliably operates for high-pressure pump. The setting of substantial amounts of steam or relatively low NPSH fluid has vapour lock or the risk of steam cavitation. These conditions will negatively affect performance, and can damage high-pressure pump. Due to the risk of vapour lock or steam cavitation, operator are it must be recognized that guarantee the pressure drop that suitable eductor pump operation is required.
The recommendation operation pressure limit of eductor pump generally between 15psi to 60psi, this depend on " can dispose " NPSH(that can use or operator can, the pressure that guarantees suitable injector performance while maintaining sufficient pressurising force of more than above-mentioned saturation conditions). The injection flow rate of pressure drop of at least 10psi or bigger in ejector can not be produced by the proppant eliminated inadequately caused in downstream line or proppant overflow.
Bypass line for fracturing fluid connects around ejector, and may also be used for increasing the flow rate ability of fracturing fluid and the higher pressure drop at eductor pump two ends not occurring or dilutes the proppant concentration in the fracturing fluid leaving ejector further. This is advantageous particularly when needing net positive suction head (NPSH) enabling to maintenance proper level higher than intended fracturing fluid flow rate. Such as, if the pump rate that frac treatment needs 40BBLS/ minute and before discharge pressure is in the danger of the NPSH remaining necessary, the ejector installed is merely capable of running to 30BBLS/ minute, so the flow of 10BBLS/ minute can around ejector other around, thus causing the total flow of 40BBLS/ minute, its cost is to reduce the maximum support agent concentration that can be produced in frac fluid stream by mixed cell.
The practical operation of system utilizes two independent stages to describe.
A. the last stage is started:
In the stage before activation, step is as follows:
(1) by proppant reservoir and ejector isolation, and by proppant/sand by being arranged in the opening at the top of reservoir or being loaded into proppant reservoir by pneumatic fill line.
(2) steam then utilizing the top of reservoir adds circuit and proppant reservoir is pressurizeed.
(3) proppant storage container is filled liquid by the liquid line then passing through the bottom being positioned at reservoir.
A. simultaneously, it is possible to provide the top to proppant reservoir by liquid additive, for reservoir being filled liquid or maintaining the liquid level in reservoir.
B. unloading pressure control valve is used to maintain the authorized pressure in proppant reservoir during filling.
(4) once complete to fill, just can start the operational phase.
B. the operational phase:
(1) fluid or injection are passed through ejector along the pumping of main fluid circuit.
A. can use the other bypass line around ejector that fracturing fluid flow rate is enlarged beyond the limit caused by the pressure drop through ejector, and prevent the cavitation of downstream pump possibly.
(2) then open proppant and control valve, and allow proppant to be mixed in ejector in main fluid circuit.
A., isolating valve can be arranged on proppant control near valve to control to be used as sealing member valve is not used as anti-leakage valve at proppant.
(3) stowing pressure is adjusted to setting value. By making gas-pressurized (or liquid) flow to proppant reservoir and increase stowing pressure. Stowing pressure is reduced by opening unloading pressure control valve.
(4) regulate proppant and control the aperture of valve to realize the expectation proppant concentration in fracturing fluid.
(5) stowing pressure can be regulated to new value to extend the concentration range being capable of.
Fig. 1 illustrates and uses model 264 ejector manufactured by Schutte&Koerting, and proppant entrainment rate (that is, flows into water or the liquid CO of ejector with injection flow rate2Flow rate) relation. In FIG, the line being designated as " [1] " depicts the performance of the ejector of the slurry of pumping proppant and water when using water as driving fluid (" baseline " as comparing). It is designated as the situation that the region of " [2] " is similar with some instruction, but the difference is that, LCO2Replace water as injection and suspension. The difference that the low viscosity (or compared with viscosity of water) of liquid carbon dioxide is considered to cause between flow type pump with injection and entrainment rate in trend, so that the control strategy provided in the present invention.
When Fig. 2 illustrates use liquid carbon dioxide as fracturing fluid, control the proppant concentration of the function of valve (such as, waiting linear formula valve) position as stowing pressure and proppant. Fig. 2 illustrates the obtainable proppant concentration of the function controlling valve opening as stowing pressure and proppant. As illustrated herein, control system plays a role within the scope of the stowing pressure from-25psi to+30psi, and still can play a role in the scope from-30psi to+40psi. In the present invention, stowing pressure is used as the coarse adjustment control mode that proppant loads, and proppant controls valve opening and is used as the fine tuning mode that proppant loads.
Fig. 3 uses flow chart to depict the overview of process, it is shown that the fundamental of the present invention. Liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) fluid is supplied to as stream 101. Usually, stream 101 just will supply from liquefied gas booster pump. The pressure of stream 101 is typically between 200psig to 400psig. LCO-2Be pumped through ejector 104 and with the mixed with proppants from proppant reservoir 102, wherein proppant reservoir 102 is oriented in is enough to provide to the position of ejector proppant, and is preferably oriented at vertical or nearly vertical position. It addition, the fluid in proppant reservoir 102 can be not supercooled but, downstream to provide required NPSH. Such as, reduce the pressure in reservoir and/or make the liquid supercooling in reservoir, thus realizing required NPSH. Ejector 104 is for causing the mixing processing in pipe and providing proppant dual function of the suction of sucking-off from reservoir 102, thus a degree of uniformity produced in product stream 107. For this system, the general LCO in stream 1012Flow rate will between 10BBLS/ minute to 80BBLS/ minute. Suitable convergent nozzle size in ejector 104 is selected as the pressure drop producing between 30PSI to 50PSI for selected liquid/flow type pump with injection 101. The pressure drop recommended in the operation of ejector 104 is between 15PSI to 60PSI, and this depends on available " can dispose " NPSH of stream 107. During fracturing operation, proppant control valve 105 regulates proppant or the flow from proppant reservoir 102 to ejector 104 starched by proppant. One or more in these ejectors can be arranged in parallel and be connected and are used as single assembly. It is, for example possible to use the ejector of two 7 inches replaces the ejector of single 9 inches, this depends on the flow rate of necessity. The miscellaneous part of ejector and system can be modular, alterable and being switched to outside system. Metrical instrument 106 can be any one in the combination of nuclear density meter, coriolis flowmeter or other suitable measurement apparatus, wherein said nuclear density meter, coriolis flowmeter or other suitable measurement apparatus provide about fracturing fluid load concentration, density or other can determine the feedback of parameter of proppant concentration before well head injection. Proppant can be regulated based on the reading that metrical instrument 106 provides and control the aperture of valve 105. Supply makes it possible to the static pressure within the scope of the about 80psi in proppant reservoir 102 to about 400psi is modified to the fluid under pressure at top or the amount of gas 103 of proppant reservoir 102. The adjustment of the static pressure of system changes proppant and controls the total flow of valve 105. The LCO produced2It is supplied to proppant fracturing fluid is pumped by device by flowing 107. For given or predetermined injection flow rate, proppant is used to control valve 105 or stowing pressure or use the two to realize desired concentration by the proppant solution entering flow type pump with injection is measured. In alternative embodiment, it is possible to use phase separator (not shown) or refrigeration system (not shown) to eliminate steam, and the fracturing fluid of the condensation after ejector is provided to being pumped by device.
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide walk around the LCO of ejector 3052Parallel slip-stream (slipstream) 302. This need not fracturing operation stage (being commonly referred to packing stage or filling load phase) of proppant can be such as useful. This bypass stream 302 may also be used for the control assisting final proppant to load. The flow entering stream 302 and flow type pump with injection 301 is controlled respectively by flow control valve 304 and 303. The flowing of flow type pump with injection 301 is directed in ejector 305, and in ejector 305, proppant controls valve 306 and regulates the proppant flow from proppant reservoir 315 to ejector 305. It is used for making proppant reservoir 315 and ejector 305 isolate at the isolating valve 307 controlled between valve 306 and proppant reservoir. LCO2Liquid is injected into the bottom of reservoir 315 to promote that liquid-solid suspends by circuit 308. Flow in circuit 308 is controlled by flow control valve 309, and the proppant effectively provided during operation in reservoir 315 stirs. This generates and contribute to the dynamic diffusion that proppant removes from reservoir 315, and promoted to starch at the uniformity entered before ejector 305 and homogeneity degree. The similar LCO regulated by another flow control valve 3112Fluid is provided the top to reservoir 315 by circuit 310. This fluid is used for the liquid CO of more than the proppant level maintaining in reservoir 3152Level, the gas to guarantee the headroom from reservoir 315 does not enter ejector 305, and prevents from steam from passing through circuit 317 arriving and be pumped by device. It is also reduced by coagulation it addition, maintain this liquid cap (liquidcap) and improves the mobile performance of proppant and promoted that proppant is from the flowing of reservoir 315. Pressurized air line 312 can be used in the vapor injection top to reservoir 315, for the correction of static pressure and the control of reservoir 315. The example that can be used to regulate the gas of pressure includes but not limited to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Gas-pressurized to the flow in proppant reservoir 315 by using pressure-control valve 313 to control. What work together with pressure-control valve 313 is unloading pressure control valve 314. This valve is used for the excess pressure discharging in the headroom being stored in proppant reservoir 315. Pressure in the headroom of proppant reservoir 315 can pass through to control valve 313 and 314 during operation and be raised and lowered. Headspace pressure change in reservoir 315 causes the change of the total flow of proppant Loading Control valve 306. Densimeter 316 is used for determining that the proppant during operation loads. Density readings data are used to revise proppant and control the aperture of valve 306, to realize desired concentration. Frac fluid stream 317 is then transferred to be pumped by device. It is pumped by device proppant increases further to the pressure of liquid gas flow surface treatment pressure and connects with well head.
Control system and method for realize desired proppant concentration is expanded on further in Working Examples below. But, these examples are understood not to the restriction present invention.
The Working Examples injection flow rate of 1:20BBLS/ minute
Following data in table 1 provides simulation example, and wherein (proppant of the flow coefficient (CV) for having 200 controls valve) reservoir stowing pressure (PP) and valve opening (VP) percent require to obtain the per gallon LCO in being starched by the fracturing fluid of frac treatment plan defined2In the expectation proppant concentration of proppant containing 0.25lbs to 4lbs. Processing plan is used for providing the instruction set (that is, PLC scheme is loaded in system, and controls valve communication with proppant and regulate the stowing pressure in reservoir by control loop) of " pre-programmed ". Certainly, if needing to revise the proppant concentration in slurry, operator can scheme described in manually override control. Determine that first the top operational pressure controlled in valve position and proppant reservoir be that the iterative process performed by scene is determined. During fracturing operation, the pressure in reservoir is regulated to provide the stowing pressure (PP) specified and necessary valve position (VP) by the flow coefficient controlling valve based on the injection flow rate selected and proppant, thus realizing desired concentration. Processing plan can not be set up when suitably not determining stowing pressure and proppant controls valve position. The ability being loaded into the scope that high-end proppant loads from low side proppant is provided, it is necessary to change stowing pressure and load with the proppant realizing in preset range in order to possess. It is determined by the concrete pumping rate needed for frac treatment to set injection flow rate.
System (such as the system described in any one in above-mentioned illustrative embodiments) is set under low stowing pressure at first; In this given example, use the low stowing pressure of-15PSI. Default is made it possible under this low pressure utilizes proppant to control valve and realizes the better control of low proppant loading (such as, 0.25lbs/gal, 0.50lbs/gal). Proppant controls valve and is initially adjusted to the proppant concentration increased in frac fluid stream, and this proppant concentration is by the processing plan regulation being carried in PLC. In the given example, the valve aperture from 10% is adjusted to the aperture of 40%, loads with the proppant realized from 0.25lbs/gal to 1.5lbs/gal. After reaching 1.5lbs/gal, stowing pressure raises to realize higher proppant loading (such as, 3.5lbs/gal, 4.0lbs/gal, 4+lbs/gal) better. In this example, stowing pressure is adjusted to 15PSI from-15PSI. Pressure increase completes (in the given example, this completes under 1.5lbs/gal to 2.0lbs/gal) in the way of proppant control valve position is had minimum influence, therefore completes under specifying loading. Once new stowing pressure is it has been established that will pass through and utilize the adjustment that proppant control valve carries out to complete this process.
Carry out following work so that Operating Complexity minimizes: change top pressure only once by said process; Once only regulate system (change top pressure or change proppant control valve position, not being both change) by a parameter, or, if regulating two parameters, then a parameter is minimally changed; Proppant controls valve and stowing pressure is conditioned (top pressure increases all the time and proppant controls valve and merely turns on) in one direction.
Table 1: for the operating condition of various proppant concentration under the flow type pump with injection conveying to 20BBLS/ minute of well head
Working Examples 2: the tentative test carried out under the 23GPM of flow type pump with injection
This Working Examples 2 gives the operating result of the pilot plant system similar with system that is previously mentioned and that figure 3 illustrates. Within the system, the aperture controlling valve by changing proppant while the operation proppant reservoir when " low (namely; between-5psi to-27psi) " stowing pressure condition and " high (that is, between 11psi to 27psi) " stowing pressure controls the concentration of fracturing fluid. For the two stowing pressure condition, flow type pump with injection is all 23 gallons per minute.
Fig. 5 illustrates for " low " stowing pressure scope, from the concentration that pilot plant's operation produces. Observe that 8% open position changes to the proppant control valve of 70% open position and the proppant concentration from 0.25lbs/gal to 3.27lbs/gal. When proppant control valve opening position increases to more than 70%, proppant concentration is not added to more than 3.27lbs/gal. Fig. 6 illustrates for " height " stowing pressure scope, changes proppant and controls the result of valve position. Observe that 10% aperture changes to the control valve position of 23% aperture and the concentration from 0.75lbs/gal to 4.04lbs/gal. For " height " stowing pressure condition, the minimum concentration being capable of is 0.75lbs/gal.
" low " and " height " stowing pressure described in this example is tried the result of test and is illustrated and must change stowing pressure and proppant controls valve position and loads (such as, 0.25lbs/gal to 4.0+lbs/gal) with the proppant realizing the four corner needed for frac treatment.
Although describing with reference to the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and describe in detail the present invention, but it will be apparent for a person skilled in the art that, the present invention can be carried out variations and modifications and equivalent can be used, without departing from scope of the following claims.
Claims (26)
1. a method for the proppant concentration controlled in the fracturing fluid of use in the well stimulation of subsurface formations, including:
With the pressure between about 150 to 400psig, the driving fluid stream of liquefied gas is supplied at least one ejector, wherein liquefied gas is starched with proppant or proppant and is mixed to form fracturing fluid in described ejector, and the proppant reservoir wherein pressurizeed is arranged on the position of proppant slurry supply at least one ejector described;
Stowing pressure in the proppant reservoir of pressurization is changed to about 40psi from about-30psi; And
The proppant changed further between the proppant reservoir being arranged on described ejector and pressurization controls valve, controls in from about 0.1lbs/gal to the scope of about 10lbs/gal with the proppant concentration by the proppant in fracturing fluid.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the pressure of the supply extremely liquefied gas of described ejector is between about 200psig to about 300psig.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the driving fluid stream of liquefied gas is mainly carbon dioxide.
4. method according to claim 1, also includes the driving fluid flow rate within the scope of about 10 barrels to 80 barrels per minute.
5. method according to claim 1, is additionally included in when not using auger and the proppant entering driving fluid stream is measured.
6. method according to claim 1, also includes the size setting described ejector and the pressure drop setting the described driving fluid stream about 15psi to about 60psi to obtain the liquefied gas by described ejector.
7. method according to claim 1, also includes the part being provided driving fluid flow liquid activating QI by the bypass line in described ejector downstream.
8. method according to claim 1, the top also included providing liquefied gas to proppant reservoir is to control the liquid cap of stowing pressure or the proppant medium that is maintained above in proppant reservoir.
9. method according to claim 1, also includes the top of gas-pressurized offer to proppant reservoir to control stowing pressure.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, described gas-pressurized includes carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
11. method according to claim 1, also include by using unloading pressure control valve to reduce stowing pressure.
12. method according to claim 1, also include the bottom of liquefied gas offer to proppant reservoir to assist the mixing of liquefied gas and the proppant being included in proppant reservoir.
13. method according to claim 1, wherein, by the proppant concentration that the densitometer or densimeter being arranged on the downstream of described ejector is measured in fracturing fluid.
14. method according to claim 1, also include providing at least two ejector being connected in parallel to form fracturing fluid.
15. method according to claim 1, also include making the proppant in the proppant reservoir of pressurization or proppant slurry supercooling to provide the NPSH needed for downstream.
16. method according to claim 1, also include being delivered to fracturing fluid being pumped by device.
17. a system for the proppant concentration controlled in the fracturing fluid used in the well stimulation of underground, including:
Proppant reservoir is provided, described proppant reservoir has proppant or proppant is starched and is arranged on and proppant or proppant are starched the supply position to ejector;
Ejector is provided, in order to receive the driving fluid stream of the liquefied gas under the pressure being between 150psig to 450psig, wherein said ejector is arranged on below described proppant reservoir, and receive proppant from described proppant reservoir or proppant slurry be subsequently formed described ejector exit containing the fracturing fluid of proppant; And
The proppant being arranged between described proppant reservoir and described ejector is provided to control valve, stowing pressure in wherein said proppant reservoir is changed to about 40psi from about-30psi, thus the proppant obtained in fracturing fluid is from about 0.1lbs/gal to the concentration range of about 10lbs/gal.
18. system according to claim 17, also including the densitometer being positioned at the downstream of described ejector, wherein said densitometer can select from coriolis flowmeter, nuclear density meter and magnetic flowmeter.
19. system according to claim 17, also include the computer communicated with described densitometer, wherein said computer receives from the reading of described densitometer, described reading and setting value is compared, and changes described proppant and control the aperture of valve to obtain desired concentration.
20. system according to claim 17, also including programmable logic controller (PLC), described programmable logic controller (PLC) is used for the aperture of stowing pressure and the described proppant control valve changing in described system.
21. system according to claim 17, wherein, described system does not include the proppant in the flow type pump with injection entering liquefied gas or proppant are starched the auger measured.
22. system according to claim 17, also including bypass line, described bypass line provides a part for the driving fluid stream of the liquefied gas combined with the fracturing fluid in described ejector downstream.
23. system according to claim 17, the liquid also including connecting with the bottom of described proppant reservoir adds circuit, and the liquid wherein added has promoted that proppant liquid-solid in slurry suspends.
24. system according to claim 17, the liquid also including connecting with the top of described proppant reservoir adds circuit, and wherein liquid cap is arranged in the top of the proppant medium of described proppant reservoir.
25. system according to claim 17, the steam also including connecting with the top of described proppant reservoir adds circuit, and wherein steam is used to change the stowing pressure in described proppant reservoir.
26. system according to claim 17, also including relief valve and control valve, described relief valve controls valve and is arranged on the top of described proppant reservoir, is stored in the excess pressure in the headroom of described proppant reservoir to release.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361872365P | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | |
| US201361872344P | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | |
| US61/872344 | 2013-08-30 | ||
| US61/872365 | 2013-08-30 | ||
| US14/308,151 US20150060044A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2014-06-18 | Control system and apparatus for delivery of a non-aqueous fracturing fluid |
| US14/308151 | 2014-06-18 | ||
| US14/308,130 US9719340B2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2014-06-18 | Method of controlling a proppant concentration in a fracturing fluid utilized in stimulation of an underground formation |
| US14/308130 | 2014-06-18 | ||
| PCT/US2014/043082 WO2015030908A2 (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2014-06-19 | Control system and apparatus for delivery of a non-aqueous fracturing fluid |
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| CN105683489A true CN105683489A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
| CN105683489B CN105683489B (en) | 2020-01-10 |
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| CN (1) | CN105683489B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2918748C (en) |
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| US10472935B2 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2019-11-12 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method of controlling static pressure in the reservoir of a liquefied gas and proppant blender |
| US10295452B2 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2019-05-21 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Photometer/nephelometer device and method of using to determine proppant concentration |
| US10577533B2 (en) | 2016-08-28 | 2020-03-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Unconventional enhanced oil recovery |
| US10738582B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2020-08-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fracturing treatments in subterranean formation using inorganic cements and electrically controlled propellants |
| WO2018136095A1 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2018-07-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fracturing treatments in subterranean formations using electrically controlled propellants |
| CA3046917C (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2021-03-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Enhancing complex fracture networks in subterranean formations |
| WO2018156161A1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Proppant drying system and method |
| US10017686B1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-07-10 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Proppant drying system and method |
| US10570715B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-02-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Unconventional reservoir enhanced or improved oil recovery |
| US10724351B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-07-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Systems and methods of optimizing Y-grade NGL enhanced oil recovery fluids |
| US10822540B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-11-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Systems and methods of optimizing Y-Grade NGL unconventional reservoir stimulation fluids |
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| RU2016111661A (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| RU2652591C2 (en) | 2018-04-27 |
| CA2918748C (en) | 2020-11-10 |
| WO2015030908A3 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
| MX2016002590A (en) | 2016-06-14 |
| CA2918748A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| CN105683489B (en) | 2020-01-10 |
| WO2015030908A2 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
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