CN105682702B - 盒式模块 - Google Patents

盒式模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105682702B
CN105682702B CN201480044572.8A CN201480044572A CN105682702B CN 105682702 B CN105682702 B CN 105682702B CN 201480044572 A CN201480044572 A CN 201480044572A CN 105682702 B CN105682702 B CN 105682702B
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China
Prior art keywords
film
cassette module
functional layer
layer
laser
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CN201480044572.8A
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English (en)
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CN105682702A (zh
Inventor
S·克雷勃
M·韦斯
M·温克
L·莱克
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Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
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Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH
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    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
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    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
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    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
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    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制流体流的盒式模块，特别用于血液治疗系统或输液系统中，其中所述盒式模块包括至少一个基体，其具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置；以及至少两个膜(5,6)，其至少在一些区域中直接或间接地与所述基体接触；其中在所述膜(5,6)之间设置至少一个致动元件(3)，借助其使所述导流装置能够被施动。

Description

盒式模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制流体流动的盒式模块，特别地用于血液治疗系统或输液系统中。
背景技术
从现有技术已知的盒式模块，例如用于特别是血液透析或腹膜透析的透析器中。这些盒式模块借助治疗框架之内的集成功能单元，具有能够控制或传送液体流，特别是血液、透析液或与治疗有关的其他液体的任务。这种功能单元是，例如阀门、泵、通道等。通过他们来控制血液、透析液和其他与治疗相关的液体的流动。
由于使用相对便宜的塑料，盒式模块可大批量生产制造且经常被用作一次性用品。
从现有技术中的盒式模块已知所述的阀门功能和泵功能。可以在盒式本体内形成能够与可移动膜接触的流道和/或开口以能够以这种方式提供所述的功能。因此可以想到，例如，使用所述膜用于泵送液体，以及依据其位置由所述膜覆盖开口等，从而提供阀门功能。
例如通过气动致动能够发生膜本身的偏离。
从EP 0 129 554 B1已知的盒式模块，其包括两个板，可移动膜设置在两个板之间。这通过气动致动控制。为了这个目的，盒式模块的板中的一个被设计为设计有通道和腔室的致动器板，根据需要能够在所述通道和腔室中产生超压或真空。
US5350357公开了能够通过在机器侧的气动致动器模块操作的盒式模块。所述盒式模块包括由膜在其前侧和后侧覆盖的基体。气动控制并因此在盒式模块内的液体流的控制可通过所述膜中之一的气动偏离而发生。
WO 2008/106440 A1最后公开了一种包括三个板的盒式模块，其中所述盒式模块内的液体路径基本上设置在两个外置板之间的中心板上。所需的泵功能和阀门功能能够通过各个膜产生。膜的偏离通过设置在所述板之一中的气动连接发生。
在现有技术已知的盒式模块中，由所述膜将待输送的液体与驱动侧，即，与气动侧隔开。
经由设置于板之一中的气动连接发生了膜的偏离。
发明内容
因此，本发明的根本目的是进一步开发一种盒式模块，使得发生流体导流装置的特别可靠的致动。
所述目的通过一种用于控制流体流的盒式模块满足，其中所述盒式模块包括至少一个基体，其具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置；以及至少两个膜，其至少区段性地直接或间接地与所述基体接触；其中在所述至少两个膜之间设置至少一个致动元件，借助其使所述导流装置能够被施动；所述盒式模块具有至少一个第一功能层以及至少一个第二功能层，其中所述第一功能层具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置，且其中所述第二功能层设置于两膜之间；所述盒式模块具有第三功能层，其具有用于致动一个或两个膜的装置；所述第二功能层由挠曲刚性材料制成。
相应地提供，在所述膜之间设置至少一个致动致动元件，借助其使所述导流装置直接或间接受到影响。
如果该导流装置为例如，开口或阀门，则能够对这一开口例如特别可靠地施加压力，并由此通过在两膜之间安置的所述致动元件关闭该阀门。
一个或两个膜的控制或致动能够例如气动地或还能够通过液体，即液压地发生。
借助所述致动元件发生一个膜至其他膜的可靠的力传递，所述致动元件可以被设计为例如柱塞盘、板等，其例如气动地，优选平面地(areally)将施加在膜上的压力传递至第二膜上。由此能够例如造成通道、开口等的特别可靠的关闭。
由两个膜的存在还产生了优势，即一个膜的破裂并不导致盒中流动的治疗液或任意其他液体被致动器介质例如压缩空气或液压介质即时污染。通过两个膜相应地避免了被输送气体或被输送液体的排出。
由该膜所施加的功能，例如阀门功能，由于设置于两膜之间的柱塞盘或其他致动元件能够被实施地更快并更加准确，这允许更高的阀门切换程序的时钟时间。
本发明还涉及一种用于控制流体流的盒式模块，特别地用于血液治疗系统或输液治疗中，其中所述盒式模块包括至少一个基体，其具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置；以及至少一个膜，其至少区段性地直接或间接地与所述基体接触；其中所述膜具有单层结构，其层由吸收激光的材料组成或包括吸收激光的材料，或具有多层结构，所述多层结构具有传送激光的至少一个层以及吸收激光的至少一个(优选外部)层，其中吸收激光的外部层形成所述膜至所述盒式模块至少一个另外构件的连接区域。
能够想到，所述膜具有两个外部激光吸收层用于连接至两个功能层。还能够使用用于连接至一个或两个功能层的具有激光吸收体的单层膜并也被本发明所涵盖。
激光吸收层理解为比传送激光的层具有更大激光吸收的层。相反，传送激光的层相比吸收激光的层具有更小的激光吸收。术语“吸收层”和“传送层”由此并不必须要理解为使吸收层具有100％的吸收度并且使传送层具有0％的吸收度，即使这一配置已被本发明所涵盖。这些术语特别地表明层的不同吸收行为并由此还有在被激光作用时不同的制热。吸收度100％和0％的值为根据物理法则仅可能的限值。一般，最小吸收在层的透明部中观测得到且特殊传送在层的不透明部中观测得到。
膜与盒式模块的至少一个功能构件，例如基体，之间的可靠连接的实现在于，由此使用了至少一个多层膜。所述吸收激光的层由于激光的施加而制热以使发生膜至盒式模块至少一个另外构件的“焊接”。而传送激光的层不制热或几乎不制热或很少制热并特别地用以保证所述膜机械稳定性。
由于在流体侧，即需要控制其流动的流体侧还能够存在负压，有必要将致动器侧与阀门或其他盒式体的流体侧彼此联合，这是由于要不然，在阀门关闭且对流体侧施加了负压的情况下，不可能再通过施加负压来打开通道。在两膜的邻接侧彼此焊接的情况下，这一问题可以得到弥补。
术语“超压”和“负压”并非仅理解为相对于大气压力的绝对值，也可理解为相对于彼此的相对值。这意思是，例如该“负压”并非必须意为真空，尽管这是可能的。
借助激光的透射焊接工艺带来的优势为，当它已被设置于要连接的两部件之间即不再从外侧直接进入时，该膜还仍能被制热。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，上述两个思想可以结合存在。这是说，该盒式模块能够被配置为包括至少一个基体，其具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置；以及至少两个膜，其至少区段性地直接或间接地与所述基体接触；其中在所述至少两个膜之间设置至少一个致动元件，借助其使所述导流装置能够被施动；所述盒式模块具有至少一个第一功能层以及至少一个第二功能层，其中所述第一功能层具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置，且其中所述第二功能层设置于两膜之间；所述盒式模块具有第三功能层，其具有用于致动一个或两个膜的装置；所述第二功能层由挠曲刚性材料制成；其中所述膜具有多层结构，所述多层结构具有至少一传送激光的层以及至少一吸收吸激光的外部层，其中吸收激光的外部层形成所述膜至所述盒式模块的至少一个另外构件的连接区域，与所述膜连接的所述另外构件为所述盒式模块的基体或基体的一部分或所述致动元件或另一膜，其中所述膜具有至少三层结构，其中存在吸收激光的至少两层以及设置在两层之间并传送激光的至少一层。
与膜相连的另外构件可以为例如盒式模块的基体或基体的一部分或还有另外的膜或上述致动元件例如柱塞板。
此外可以提供，该膜具有至少三层结构设计，并且存在至少两个吸收激光层(优选为外向设置的层)和至少一个在两层之间设置并传送激光的层。
可以提供，所述盒式模块具有至少一个第一功能层以及至少一个第二功能层，并且所述第一功能层具有用于至少一种流体流，特别地至少一种液体流，的导流装置，且其中所述第二功能层设置于两膜之间
此外在本发明的另一实施方式中提供，所述盒式模块具有第三功能层，其具有用于致动一个或两个膜的装置。
所述第三功能层可以具有腔室、通道等，例如，经由其能够使至少一个膜经由气动或液压致动而偏离。
用于致动至少一个膜的装置优选为气动装置，特别地在其中存在或能够产生超压或负压的腔室或通道。
此外在本发明的另一实施方式中规定，所述用于流体流例如液体流或气体流的导流装置具有一个或多个通道，阀门和泵部。
此外规定，所述功能层包括挠曲刚性材料，优选塑料。所述膜为柔性并优选弹性的。
在本发明的意义上而言，所述膜并非必须平面地设置于功能层之间，即使同样涵盖了这种实施方式。限于功能层各自的致动元件，还能够区段性地设置该膜。
所述盒式模块优选被设计为一次性用品。
本发明还涉及一种机器，特别是一种血液治疗机或输液机，诸如血液透析机或腹膜透析机，其具有至少一个槽，如上所述的至少一个盒式模块位于其中。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造如上所述的盒式模块的方法，其中，所述膜至所述盒式模块至少一个另外构件的连接借由使用激光的透射焊接而发生，其中发生所述膜的吸收激光的至少一个层的制热。
这一方面中优选提供，当进行所述透射焊接时，所述膜在其被插入基体中的状态下。为此在这种情况下，基体材料为对激光透过的。
附图说明
将参考附图中所示的实施方式对本发明的进一步细节和优点更加详细地进行说明。
图1：穿过根据本发明的盒式模块的剖视图；
图2：穿过例如能够用于根据本发明的盒式模块中的膜的剖视图；以及
图3：穿过根据本发明的盒式模块的另一剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出穿过根据本发明的盒式模块的纵向剖视图。
第一功能层由参考数字7标记且第二功能层由参考数字2标记。
参考数字1标记第三功能层。
如能够从图中所看出，第二功能层2位于第一功能层7和第三功能层1之间。
此外，第一膜6位于第二功能层2和第一功能层7之间且第二膜5位于第三功能层1和第二功能层2之间。
如能够进一步从所述图中所看出，所示两个腔室中的各自的一个柱塞或各自的一个活塞板3位于膜5,6之间，其同等地充当用于闭合或释放第一功能层7中的开口70，70’的阀门。
如能够进一步从图所看出，用于至少一个液体流，如血液，透析液，输液等的导流装置位于第一功能层7内，其中在此处示出的实施方式中，所述装置以阀门的形式配置，其允许或阻止流过盒式模块的腔室14，14’。
如能够进一步从图所看出，阀门块或设计为阀门块的盒式模块具有两个这样的阀门，其中，在左边示出的在盒式模块的腔室14中具有开口70的阀门是打开的，且在右边示出的在盒式模块的腔室14’中具有开口70’的阀门是关闭的。
由于如箭头所示负压产生在气动腔室12内，发生阀门的打开。这导致，第二膜5且，由于膜之间存在真空，还有第一膜6及柱塞板3被向上移动，由此开口70被膜6释放。因此，使穿过流体腔室14的流体流成为可能。
与此相反，在左侧示出的盒式模块的腔室12’中产生超压，如所示箭头所表征的，其表示了气动流体(特别是压缩空气)的流入。在右侧示出的两个膜5,6以及柱塞板3是由此被向下驱动且开口70’借由第一膜6被关闭。因此腔室14’能够不被流体流过，如虚线箭头所示。
如上所述，术语超压和负压并非必须是指一定存在相对于大气压力的超压或负压，即使这一实施方式也被涵盖。它们还可以意为相对于彼此的值。
由此臆想得到，例如，腔室12中的负压并不仅仅意为在腔室12中由泵所施加的真空。它还可以意为，在腔室12中没有发生致动的情况下，通过盒的操作使流体流入腔室14中。使膜5、6偏离并且相对于腔室14，腔室12表示负压侧，而没有在腔室12中主动施加真空。
臆想得到，功能层2中的压力小于层1和14.
在图中所示的盒式模块是阀门块。任何所需的其它特性，诸如泵特性等，一般也由本发明所涵盖。
功能层1，2，7包括挠曲刚性塑料，即稳定形状的塑料，而膜5,6被设计为柔性的，优选弹性膜，使得能够设置所需的导流。
能够进一步从图看出，第一功能层7和第三功能层1都具有形成腔室12，14，12’，14’的展开部，所述腔室一方面，用于通过致动器介质如压缩空气控制膜以及，另一方面，用于控制流体流，如血液，透析液，输注液等。
所示出的盒式模块自然不仅适于控制液体流，而且，例如，适于控制气体流。
经由腔室12，12’的控制，也并不一定要使用气体或压缩空气发生，而是可以同样地经由流体，即液压地发生。
在腔室12，12’中，所示阀门或柱塞板3经由超压或负压到达一个或另一个端位置处并且依据其即时位置以其与气动系统或液压系统相对的一侧来关闭或打开流路或开口70，70’。
所述端位置能够，例如，通过表面或功能层，例如通过第二功能层形成。在右腔室中，柱塞板的板状区域抵接第二功能层，使得由此限定端位置。
控制回路，例如气动回路，和流路，例如用于输送血液，透析液等的回路，通过两个膜5,6的存在被可靠地分离，以使在膜撕裂时没有污染发生。
膜5优选与功能层1和2直接接触且该膜优选与功能层2和7直接接触。
在这一点上指出，术语“膜”被广泛理解并涵盖可进行所述功能的任何面积的和可移动材料。膜能够，例如，被配置为薄膜。
它们优选为对流体以及对致动器介质(例如压缩空气，液压介质等)不渗透。它们还对气体基本上不透过。
由于位于膜5,6之间的柱塞盘3，使由第二膜5施加的阀门功能或运动更快且更精确地发生。这使得阀门切换的时钟率更高，这是所希望的。
气动回路与流体回路之间的联接的可能实现包括焊接两膜5，6至各自对他们来说的邻接侧。所包含的壳体部，即所述功能层也必须彼此相连。
这一连接的便宜且技术上简单的实现包括：图1所示的膜5，6的至少一个或两者部分地制热并由此使邻接的硬性构件彼此焊接。所述膜由此充当功能层的连接装置。
这一方面中，该膜还能够满足根据图1的实施方式所要求的阀门功能或密封功能。
为避免用于该膜焊接目的的过热，所述膜具有至少一个传送激光的层。
激光器的波长能够被选取为使得所用的功能层的塑料材料对于此类光可透过，而图2所示出膜的层1和3具有吸收激光的部位并由此在传送中制热。
在根据本发明的方法框架之内优选使用Nd：YAG激光器。
Lumogen IR 788 BASF能够，例如被用于在红外区域中吸收的吸收体或吸收材料，使得其具有的部件在可见光波长中基本上透明。吸收体优选以浓度100ppm混入膜材料中。
图2示出膜5，6的示例性结构并表明该膜具有被设计为吸收激光的两个盖体层1，3，并具有设置其之间的中间层2，该中间层具有更小的激光吸收度并由此不制热或仅比层1，3制热略多。
由于事实上该膜只在其外侧具有激光吸收材料的薄层1，3，故只在那些处产生高温，即，在对要焊接的功能层或基体的构件或硬性部位的接触点处，而所示中间层2不制热或少许制热并且基本上保持了该膜的弹性和塑性以及结构的稳定性。
由于基体，即特别地功能层中，使用了对激光透明的材料，故在整个结构内部中能够发生焊接，即，在至少一个膜已经被插入之后能够发生焊接。
图3示出焊接点，由所圈区域标记，根据本发明的方法在其处该膜连接至至少一个另外构件。由参考符号L标记激光束。可以制作该连接至柱塞盘，至基体或功能层和/或至另外的膜。
可以设置两个单个焊点并且借助激光器通过焊接能够拉伸出细轨，例如用以封闭要密封的区域。通过仅向所要求的材料量直接引入焊接能量，可以使要焊接的盒式模块上的热量输入并由此载荷保持非常小。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于控制流体流的盒式模块，其中所述盒式模块包括至少一个基体、至少两个膜、至少一个第一功能层、至少一个第二功能层、第三功能层以及至少一个致动元件，其中，所述至少一个基体具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置，所述至少两个膜至少区段性地直接或间接地与所述基体接触，所述至少一个致动元件被设置在所述至少两个膜之间，借助所述至少一个致动元件使所述导流装置能够被施动，所述第一功能层具有所述用于至少一种流体流的导流装置，所述第二功能层设置于所述两个膜之间，所述第三功能层具有用于致动一个或两个膜的装置，并且所述第二功能层由挠曲刚性材料制成。
2.一种用于控制流体流的盒式模块，其中所述盒式模块包括至少一个基体，其具有用于至少一种流体流的导流装置；以及至少一个膜，其至少区段性地直接或间接地与所述基体连接；其中所述膜具有多层结构，所述多层结构具有至少一传送激光的层以及至少一吸收吸激光的外部层，其中吸收激光的外部层形成所述膜至所述盒式模块的至少一个另外构件的连接区域，与所述膜连接的所述另外构件为所述盒式模块的基体或基体的一部分或所述盒式模块的致动元件或所述盒式模块的另一膜，
其中所述膜具有至少三层结构，其中存在吸收激光的至少两层以及设置在两层之间并传送激光的至少一层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述盒式模块具有至少一个致动元件，其中，所述至少一个膜包括至少两个膜，并且所述至少一个致动元件被设置在所述至少两个膜之间，借助所述至少一个致动元件使所述导流装置能够被施动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述盒式模块具有至少一个第一功能层以及至少一个第二功能层，其中所述第一功能层具有所述用于至少一种流体流的导流装置，且其中所述第二功能层设置于所述两个膜之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述盒式模块具有第三功能层，所述第三功能层具有用于致动一个或两个膜的装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，用于致动所述膜的装置为气动装置或液压装置，在所述气动装置或液压装置中，存在超压或负压，或能够产生超压或负压。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述用于至少一种流体流的导流装置具有一个或多个通道、一个或多个阀门部和一个或多个泵部。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述盒式模块具有至少一个功能层，所述至少一个功能层包括挠曲刚性材料。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的盒式模块，其特征在于，所述膜是弹性膜。
10.一种机器，具有至少一个槽，根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的至少一个盒式模块位于其中。
11.一种用于制造根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的盒式模块的方法，其特征在于，所述膜至所述盒式模块的至少一个另外构件的连接借由使用激光的透射焊接而发生，其中发生了所述膜的吸收激光的至少一个层的制热。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述膜至至少一个另外构件的连接在其中所述膜插入基体中的状态下发生。
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