CN105682070A - Sponsor business decision method and device - Google Patents
Sponsor business decision method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105682070A CN105682070A CN201410668286.0A CN201410668286A CN105682070A CN 105682070 A CN105682070 A CN 105682070A CN 201410668286 A CN201410668286 A CN 201410668286A CN 105682070 A CN105682070 A CN 105682070A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sponsor
- status information
- business
- decision making
- monitoring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Meter Arrangements (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sponsor business decision method and device, for solving the problem that sponsor business cannot be effectively controlled in the existing charging control mechanism. The sponsor business decision method comprises the steps of: obtaining sponsor state information monitored by a sponsor monitoring entity; and using the sponsor state information as a decision condition to carry out sponsor business decision. Compared with the prior art, the sponsor business can be effectively controlled, so the influence of the sponsor business on the operator business is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of mobile communication, particularly relate to a kind of sponsor's operational decision making method and device.
Background technology
3GPP (3rdGenerationPartnershipProject, third generation partner program) PCC (PolicyandChargingControl, strategy and charging control) framework is a functional framework that can be applied to multiple access technology. such as, it is applied to system UMTS (UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem, universal mobile communications) UTRAN (UMTSTerrestrialRadioAccessNetwork, terrestrial radio access network), GSM (GlobalsystemforMobileCommunication, global system for mobile communications)/GSMEDGE (EnhancedDataratesforGlobalEvolution, data strengthen evolution) wireless access network, intercommunicated wireless local area network (I-WLAN) and EPS (EvolvedPacketSystem, the grouping system of evolution) etc. Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the non-roaming framework of the Rel-12PCC according to correlation technique, as shown in Figure 1, each logical functional entity and interface function thereof in this PCC framework include: AF (ApplicationFunction, Application Function), for providing the access point of service application, the Internet resources that these service application use need to carry out dynamic policy control. when service surface carries out parameter negotiation, related service information is passed to PCRF (PolicyandChargingRulesFunction by AF, strategy and charging regulation function entity), if these business information are consistent with the strategy of PCRF, then PCRF accepts this negotiation, otherwise, PCRF refuses this negotiation, and provides the acceptable service parameter of PCRF in feedback simultaneously. subsequently, these parameters can be returned to UE (UserEquipment, subscriber equipment) by AF. wherein, the interface between AF and PCRF is Rx interface.
PCRF is the core of PCC, is responsible for the formulation of strategic decision-making and charging regulation. PCRF provides the network control rule based on business data flow, these network control rules include the monitoring of business data flow, gate (GatingControl), QoS (QualityofService, service quality) control and the charging regulation etc. based on data stream. Strategy and the charging regulation of its formulation are sent to strategy and perform with charging execution function entity by PCRF, and meanwhile, PCRF also needs to ensure that these rules are consistent with the CAMEL-Subscription-Information of user.The foundation that PCRF generates strategy with charging regulation includes: obtain the information relevant to business from AF; User policy, billing control and subscription information is obtained from SPR (SubscriptionProfileRepository, user-subscribed database); Obtain and the information of carrying network of relation from PCEF (PolicyandChargingEnforcementFunction, strategy and charging execution function entity). PCC framework is achieved UE as accessing a PDN (PacketDataNetwork by each functional entity, packet data network) policy and charging control of IP-CAN (IPConnectivityAccessNetwork, IP connect Access Network) session set up. At present, the support of PCC framework is called the business of Sponsoreddataconnectivity (sponsored data cube computation).
The sponsorship data of disposing that Fig. 2 is according to correlation technique connects the configuration diagram of business, as shown in Figure 2, so-called sponsored data cube computation refers to the consumption consumption that user institute access service produces, it is not undertaken by user oneself, but undertaken by sponsor (Sponsor), access content is that ASP (ApplicationServiceProvider, Applications Service Provider) provides.
The status information of sponsor is not monitored by above-mentioned correlation technique, typically directly uses state static configuration strategy. When sponsor's quantity increases, when sponsor's state change is frequent, it is impossible to effectively carry out Developing Tactics according to the virtual condition of sponsor. Further, owing to sponsor's business that the feature of sponsor's business is terminal use is paid by sponsor, sponsor's business can the business of operator be operated and commercial interest produces considerable influence. Such as: business and operator that sponsor provides provide business to there is potential competition, and rate less sponsor business is widely used and affects operator's income, or the loss that sponsor causes to operator due to business breach. Existing correlation technique fails to accomplish that the state to sponsor carries out effective monitoring above, so sponsor can not be avoided in time for the adverse effect caused of operator.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of sponsor's operational decision making method and device, in order to solve under existing charging control mechanism, it is impossible to the problem that sponsor's business is control effectively.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of sponsor operational decision making method, including: know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors; Sponsor's status information is carried out sponsor's operational decision making as decision condition.
Wherein, know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors, including: when receiving the instruction information needing to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, monitor entity to sponsor and send the request obtaining sponsor's status information; Receive sponsor's status information of sponsor's monitoring Entity feedback.
Wherein, know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors, including: receive sponsor's state updating information that sponsor's monitoring entity pushes, cache update message.
Wherein, sponsor's status information is carried out sponsor's operational decision making as decision condition, including: when sponsor status information occurs to change, update at least one in the strategy of the user of the business carrying out sponsor and charging control PCC, service quality QoS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC strategy.
Wherein, sponsor's status information is: sponsor's data that sponsor monitors entity monitoring charge system and the acquisition of operation analysis signalling analysis system carry out processing the state value obtained corresponding to each operator.
Wherein, sponsor's status information at least includes following one: the credit of sponsor whether beyond presetting credit threshold, whether sponsor's grade reaches predetermined level threshold value, sponsor's business make consumption and sponsor exist with operator competitive relation business make consumption whether exceed corresponding pre-set business to make consumption threshold value.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides for a kind of sponsor operational decision making device, including: know module, for knowing sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors; Operational decision making module, for carrying out sponsor's operational decision making using sponsor's status information as decision condition.
Wherein, know that module includes: request module, for when receiving the instruction information needing to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, monitoring entity to sponsor and send the request obtaining sponsor's status information; Receiver module, for receiving sponsor's status information of sponsor's monitoring Entity feedback.
Wherein, know module for: receive sponsor monitoring entity push sponsor's state updating information, cache update message.
Wherein, decision-making module is used for: when sponsor status information occurs to change, and updates at least one in the strategy of the user of the business carrying out sponsor and charging control PCC, service quality QOS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC strategy.
The solution of the present invention, sponsor is monitored entity sponsor's status information of acquiring of detection and enters sponsor's operational decision making as the condition of sponsor's operational decision making, compared with prior art sponsor's business effectively can be controlled, reduce the impact on Operator Specific Service of sponsor's business.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the non-roaming framework of the Rel-12PCC according to correlation technique;
The sponsorship data of disposing that Fig. 2 is according to correlation technique connects the configuration diagram of business;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of sponsor's operational decision making method of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the Signalling exchange flow chart of sponsor's operational decision making method of according to embodiments of the present invention 2;
Fig. 5 is the Signalling exchange flow chart of sponsor's operational decision making method of according to embodiments of the present invention 3;
Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart of sponsor's operational decision making device of the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Fig. 7 is sponsor's operational decision making configuration diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to solve under existing charging control mechanism, the problem that sponsor's business is bigger on operator's impact, the invention provides a kind of sponsor's operational decision making method and device, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated. Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, does not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of sponsor's operational decision making method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, as it is shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 301: know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors;
This step 301 specifically can be performed by PCRF, PCRF knows that sponsor's status information can include it and actively monitor, to sponsor, sponsor's status information two ways that entity obtains and passive reception sponsor monitoring entity pushes, actively reception mode is: when receiving the instruction information needing to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, monitors entity to sponsor and sends the request obtaining sponsor's status information; Receive sponsor's status information of sponsor's monitoring Entity feedback; Passive reception mode is: receive sponsor's state updating information that sponsor's monitoring entity pushes, cache update message. Wherein, sponsor's status information is, sponsor's data of sponsor's monitoring entity monitoring charge system (Online Charging System and off-line accounting system) and operation analysis, the acquisition of signalling analysis system carry out processing the state value corresponding to each operator obtained.Such as, the credit of sponsor whether beyond presetting credit threshold, whether sponsor's grade reaches predetermined level threshold value, sponsor's business make consumption and sponsor exist with operator competitive relation business make consumption whether exceed corresponding pre-set business to make consumption threshold value. Wherein, sponsor's business make consumption, make consumption including flow and bandwidth. Wherein, sponsor's status information that monitoring obtains can the input parameter that affect the PCC system decision-making of Shi Ge operator definition, i.e. using sponsor's status information input parameter as the PCC system decision-making, to carry out sponsor's operational decision making.
Step 302: sponsor's status information is carried out sponsor's operational decision making as decision condition.
This step 302, specifically can include following process:
When sponsor's status information occurs to change, update at least one in the strategy of user of the business carrying out this sponsor and charging control PCC, service quality QoS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC (ApplicationDetectionCtrol applies Monitoring and Controlling) strategy.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 4 is the Signalling exchange flow chart of the sponsor's operational decision making method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention 2, as shown in Figure 4, sponsor's operational decision making method of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail by the method by openly more ins and outs, the method mainly through PCRF when needs carry out sponsor's operational decision making, actively monitoring entity requests to sponsor supports the mode of status information to know the state of current each sponsor, specifically, the method includes steps S401 to step S407.
Step S401, AF provide sponsored data connection information to PCRF, and information includes the user profile (such as IP address) that sponsor's mark, ASP mark, application identities, mark are sponsored, the IP stream information that sponsored business is engaged in. If user face data is without AF, then AF also can provide AUT (AllowedUsageThreshold, it is allowed to consumption threshold value) etc.;
Step S402, PCRF find to need to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, and this locality does not have corresponding sponsor status information, then monitor entity to sponsor and initiate to obtain sponsor's status information request.
Step S403, the request of PCRF is carried out response by sponsor's monitoring entity, comprises sponsor's status information of request in response.
Step S404, PCRF preserve the sponsor's status information got.
Sponsor's status information of acquisition as one of decision condition, is carried out strategic decision-making, obtains the result of decision by step S405, PCRF.
Step S406, PCRF carry out Rx interface response according to the result of decision.
Step S407, PCRF is according to result of decision notice PCEF/BBERF (BearerBindingandEventReportingFunction, bearing binding and event reporting function entity)/TDF (TrafficDetectionFunction, flow detection function) implementation strategy.
When sponsor's status information occurs to change, PCRF can update the strategies such as all user PCC/Qos/ADC carrying out this sponsor's business.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 5 is the Signalling exchange flow chart of the sponsor's operational decision making method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention 3, the method is distinctive in that with method described in above-described embodiment 2, the method knows sponsor status information when sponsor's state changes to the PCRF mode pushing sponsor's status information mainly by sponsor's monitoring entity, as it is shown in figure 5, the method includes steps S501 to step S505.
Step S501, sponsor's monitoring entity detects sponsor's state and changes, and initiates sponsor's Status Change notice request to the PCRF obtaining this sponsor's state.
Step S502, PCRF/SPR monitor entity platform response to sponsor and confirm.
Step S503, PCRF/SPR preserves sponsor's state, according to the sponsor's status information after updating, determine a need for carrying out the corresponding policy update (MBR (MaximumBitRate of the sponsor that such as contracts, maximum bit rate)/GBR (GBRGuaranteedBitRate, ensure bit rate) change and have influence on the permission MBR/GBR of existing mandate), Existing policies is updated when judging whether to carry out policy update.
Step S504, S503 judge whether to more New Policy, then PCRF by update after policy distribution to PCEF/BBERF/TDF.
Step S505, related functional entities performs follow-up IP-CAN session modification flow process.
When sponsor's Status Change relates to the policy update of multiple user conversation, then each user related to can be performed by step S504 and step S505.
It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present invention also adopts embodiment 2 to know in embodiment 3, and the two ways of sponsor's status information is combined the status information made for knowing sponsor, concrete, when being currently needed for carrying out sponsor's operational decision making, first search whether in this locality to be cached with sponsor's status information that monitoring entity pushes, when this locality is absent from cache information, more actively obtain sponsor's status information to monitoring entity requests.
Embodiment 4
The embodiment of the present invention 4 provides a kind of sponsor operational decision making device, Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart of sponsor's operational decision making device of the embodiment of the present invention 4, as shown in Figure 6, this device 60 includes consisting of part: know module 61, for knowing sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors;
Operational decision making module 62, for carrying out sponsor's operational decision making using sponsor's status information as decision condition.
Wherein, above-mentioned know that module 61 specifically may include that
Request unit, for receive when needing the instruction information carrying out sponsor's operational decision making, monitor entity to sponsor and send the request obtaining sponsor status information;
Receive unit, for receiving sponsor's status information of sponsor's monitoring Entity feedback.
Wherein, above-mentioned know module 61 specifically for: receive sponsor monitoring entity push sponsor's state updating information, cache update message.
Wherein, decision-making module 62 is used for: when sponsor status information occurs to change, and updates at least one in the strategy of the user of the business carrying out sponsor and charging control PCC, service quality QOS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC strategy.
Fig. 7 is sponsor's operational decision making configuration diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 4, as shown in Figure 7, said apparatus 60 and Online Charging System, off-line accounting system and operation analysis, that signalling analysis system carries out information is mutual, obtain the status information of sponsor, and the sponsor's status information got is sent to coupled PCRF.
The scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, sponsor is monitored entity sponsor's status information of acquiring of detection and enters sponsor's operational decision making as the condition of sponsor's operational decision making, compared with prior art sponsor's business effectively can be controlled, reduce the impact on Operator Specific Service of sponsor's business.
Although being example purpose, having been disclosed for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible for those skilled in the art will recognize various improvement, increase and replacement, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be not limited to above-described embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. sponsor's operational decision making method, it is characterised in that including:
Know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors;
Described sponsor status information is carried out sponsor's operational decision making as decision condition.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors, including:
When receiving the instruction information needing to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, monitor entity to sponsor and send the request obtaining sponsor's status information;
Receive sponsor's status information of described sponsor monitoring Entity feedback.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that know sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors, including:
Receive sponsor's state updating information that sponsor's monitoring entity pushes, more fresh information described in buffer memory.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described described sponsor status information is carried out sponsor's operational decision making as decision condition, including:
When described sponsor status information occurs to change, update at least one in the strategy of the user of the business of the described sponsor being currently running and charging control PCC, service quality QoS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC strategy.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sponsor status information is: sponsor's data that sponsor monitors entity monitoring charge system and the acquisition of operation analysis signalling analysis system carry out processing the state value obtained corresponding to each operator.
6. the method as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that described sponsor status information at least includes following one:
The credit of sponsor whether beyond presetting credit threshold, whether sponsor's grade reaches predetermined level threshold value, sponsor's business make consumption and sponsor exist with operator competitive relation business make consumption whether exceed corresponding pre-set business to make consumption threshold value.
7. sponsor's operational decision making device, it is characterised in that including:
Know module, for knowing sponsor's status information that sponsor's monitoring entity monitors;
Operational decision making module, for carrying out sponsor's operational decision making using described sponsor status information as decision condition.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described in know that module includes:
Request unit, for when receiving the instruction information needing to carry out sponsor's operational decision making, monitoring entity to sponsor and send the request obtaining sponsor's status information;
Receive unit, for receiving sponsor's status information of described sponsor monitoring Entity feedback.
9. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described in know module for:
Receive sponsor's state updating information that sponsor's monitoring entity pushes, more fresh information described in buffer memory.
10. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described decision-making module is used for:
When described sponsor status information occurs to change, update at least one in the strategy of the user of the business of the described sponsor being currently running and charging control PCC, service quality QoS and business Monitoring and Controlling ADC strategy.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410668286.0A CN105682070A (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | Sponsor business decision method and device |
PCT/CN2015/083094 WO2016078418A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2015-07-01 | Method and device for sponsor service decision |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410668286.0A CN105682070A (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | Sponsor business decision method and device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105682070A true CN105682070A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
Family
ID=56013236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410668286.0A Pending CN105682070A (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | Sponsor business decision method and device |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105682070A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016078418A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102365554A (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2012-02-29 | 海德沃特合作I有限公司 | Network based service policy implementation with network neutrality and user privacy |
CN102549612A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-07-04 | 维萨美国公司 | Coupon bearing sponsor account transaction authorization |
US20130073391A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2013-03-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Systems and methods for sharing revenue in an internet printing system |
CN103250428A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-08-14 | 甲骨文国际公司 | Communications service broker for orchestration of services in a telecommunications network |
CN103460729A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-12-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device and method for controlling charging in a mobile communication system |
US20140128026A1 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2014-05-08 | Headwater Partners I Llc | Device Assisted CDR Creation, Aggregation, Mediation and Billing |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3264180B2 (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 2002-03-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | Billing method |
JP2002044291A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-08 | Ntt Communications Kk | Third-party accounting method |
-
2014
- 2014-11-20 CN CN201410668286.0A patent/CN105682070A/en active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-07-01 WO PCT/CN2015/083094 patent/WO2016078418A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130073391A1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2013-03-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Systems and methods for sharing revenue in an internet printing system |
CN102365554A (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2012-02-29 | 海德沃特合作I有限公司 | Network based service policy implementation with network neutrality and user privacy |
US20140128026A1 (en) * | 2009-01-28 | 2014-05-08 | Headwater Partners I Llc | Device Assisted CDR Creation, Aggregation, Mediation and Billing |
CN102549612A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-07-04 | 维萨美国公司 | Coupon bearing sponsor account transaction authorization |
CN103250428A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-08-14 | 甲骨文国际公司 | Communications service broker for orchestration of services in a telecommunications network |
CN103460729A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-12-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Device and method for controlling charging in a mobile communication system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016078418A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102075900B (en) | Method and system for realizing quantity monitoring and controlling | |
EP2827623B1 (en) | Policy and charging control method, and v-pcrf apparatus | |
US8885568B2 (en) | Policy application method for machine type communication, and policy and charging enforcement function | |
CN102083035B (en) | Method and system for implementing usage monitoring control | |
US20120297076A1 (en) | Method, apparatus and system for selecting policy and charging rules function entity | |
CN101720079B (en) | Service access method and tactical convergence system in network element tactical convergence network | |
US9787484B2 (en) | Adapting PCC rules to user experience | |
CN102075894B (en) | Selection method and system for policy and charging rules function entity | |
CN101841797A (en) | Charging method and system for terminal access through multiple access networks and reporting method | |
CN101959164A (en) | Method and system for deleting redundant information of home policy and charging rule function | |
CN104507126A (en) | Method and device for implementing wireless network QoS (Quality of Service) management | |
CN104955013A (en) | Usage monitoring method, apparatus and system | |
CN105163345A (en) | Area reporting method and system | |
US20230362604A1 (en) | Charging function fallback | |
CN102547854B (en) | Policy control method and device | |
CN105516952A (en) | Method and apparatus for selecting policy and charging rules function | |
CN104144128A (en) | Method for controlling network congestion and load perception function | |
CN105009673B (en) | Business continuance judgment method and equipment | |
US11223492B2 (en) | Wireless communication method and device | |
CN102711086A (en) | Method for processing sponsored data connectivity and policy and charging rules function (PCRF) entity | |
CN105516953A (en) | Method and apparatus for selecting policy and charging rules function | |
CN101998515B (en) | The implementation method of control PCRF load balancing and realize system | |
EP2294755B1 (en) | Improved credit authorization in a core network | |
CN102421080A (en) | Traffic monitoring method and policy and charging rules function entity | |
CN102421106B (en) | A kind of by quantity monitoring method and system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160615 |