CN105680027A - Preparation method for nano-porous indium powder - Google Patents

Preparation method for nano-porous indium powder Download PDF

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CN105680027A
CN105680027A CN201610029006.0A CN201610029006A CN105680027A CN 105680027 A CN105680027 A CN 105680027A CN 201610029006 A CN201610029006 A CN 201610029006A CN 105680027 A CN105680027 A CN 105680027A
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indium
iii
nano
preparation
nanoporous
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CN105680027B (en
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吴平
张炜钰
陈旭光
张安萍
张美玲
周益明
唐亚文
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Nanjing Normal University
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Nanjing Normal University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method for nano-porous indium powder. An indium trichloride water solution is mixed with a potassium cobalticyanide water solution to form In(III)-Co(III) cyano-group coordination polymer hydrogel; then the hydrogel system is taken as the precursor, and sodium borohydride with the equivalent dosage or excessive dosage is added to the precursor as the reducing agent to react for 0.1-24h; and the product is washed and dried to obtain the nano-porous indium powder. The nano-porous indium powder is prepared by taking the In(III)-Co(III) cyano-group coordination polymer hydrogel as the precursor; the nano-porous indium is a porous network formed by mutual interconnection of indium nanorods; the nano-porous indium powder, used as a negative electrode material for a lithium/sodium ion battery, combines the advantages of high specific capacity of indium and cycling stability and rate capacity characteristics of the nano-porous structure, so that excellent lithium storage and sodium storage performance can be expected so as to satisfy the requirements of power batteries.

Description

A kind of preparation method of nanoporous indium powder
Technical field
The preparation method that the present invention relates to a kind of lithium/anode material of lithium-ion battery, the preparation method being specifically related to a kind of nanoporous indium powder, described nanoporous indium has the porous network structure being connected with each other and formed by indium nanometer rods.
Background technology
There is the Main Group Metal Elements such as stannum (Sn) of alloy-type storage lithium/sodium mechanism, germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb) and indium (In) and as lithium/anode material of lithium-ion battery, there is the advantage that specific capacity is high and safety is good, be expected to the commercialization carbon negative pole material of replacement low capacity and meet the demand of high-energy type electrokinetic cell. The storage lithium of indium metal negative material and storage sodium reaction equation are respectively as follows: It it is a wherein important class. But, the process of this alloy and removal alloying, while bringing height ratio capacity, also can cause huge change in volume, causes the efflorescence of electrode material and the rapid decay of specific capacity.
Nano-porous materials had both had the advantage that specific surface area is big and electric charge conveying length is short of nanostructured as lithium/anode material of lithium-ion battery, also had the characteristics such as the big pore volume of loose structure and effective electrolyte contacts simultaneously. The change in volume that nano-porous materials can effectively cushion alloying in removal lithium embedded/sodium process and removal alloying brings, is simultaneously also beneficial to the quick transmission of electric charge, can show good cyclical stability and multiplying power property.
Therefore, nanoporous indium combines the height ratio capacity of indium and the advantage of the cyclical stability of nano-porous structure and multiplying power property, is expected to show superior storage lithium and storage sodium performance thus meeting the demand of electrokinetic cell as lithium/anode material of lithium-ion battery. But, the preparation of nanoporous indium still suffers from very big challenge, which has limited and obtains high-performance indium negative material by structural design, thus constrains the commercial applications of indium negative material. Therefore, the new method seeking to prepare nanoporous indium has become the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method that it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nanoporous indium powder, this nanoporous indium has the porous network structure being connected with each other and formed by indium nanometer rods.As lithium/anode material of lithium-ion battery, this nanoporous indium powder combines the height ratio capacity of indium and the advantage of the cyclical stability of nano-porous structure and multiplying power property, shows superior storage lithium and storage sodium performance thus meeting the demand of electrokinetic cell.
The technical scheme completing foregoing invention task is:
A kind of preparation method of nanoporous indium powder, it is characterised in that: by Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution and potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel; With described hydrogel for presoma, it is added thereto to equivalent or excessive sodium borohydride is reducing agent, react 0.1~24 hour, product is washed and dries, obtain described nanoporous indium powder.
More specifically, the preparation method of the nanoporous indium powder of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel: Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution and potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution are pressed certain mixed in molar ratio, forms In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel;
(2) preparation of nanoporous indium powder: In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to equivalent or excessive sodium borohydride is reducing agent, react 0.1~24 hour, product washed and dries, obtaining described nanoporous indium powder.
The concentration of described Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution is 0.01~10 mol/L, and the concentration of potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution is 0.01~10 mol/L.
The mol ratio of described Indium-111 chloride and potassium cobalticyanide is 0.1:1~10:1.
The nanoporous indium powder that described method prepares has the porous network structure being connected with each other and formed by indium nanometer rods. Described indium nanorod diameter is distributed in 50 nanometers~500 nanometers; The aperture of porous network structure is in mesoporous and macropore scope.
Comparing and prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
(1) present invention is with In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel for presoma, this hydrogel has interconnection space network structure, the form that the species of In and Co connect key (In C ≡ N Co) with cyano group bridge is uniformly distributed on hydrogel backbone, has abundant nano aperture at skeletal internal; In reduction process subsequently, the characteristic utilizing In (III) that sodium borohydride can only reduce on skeleton and can not reduce Co (III) is to prepare In product, and the indium metal of generation can be connected with each other along the skeleton of hydrogel with the form of nanometer rods and form nanoporous indium network structure.
(2) ratio of present invention concentration and indium and cobalt by controlling Indium-111 chloride and potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution, the physicochemical properties such as aperture and co-ordination state of In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel system can be regulated, thus regulating and controlling the micro-structural properties of nanoporous indium product and storage lithium thereof and storage sodium performance.
(3) preparation process of the present invention is fast and convenient, does not use surfactant and organic solvent, environmentally friendly, it is possible to achieve large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 2: the transmission electron microscope picture (1um) of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 3: the transmission electron microscope picture (20nm) of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 4: the high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure (5nm) of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 5: the X-ray diffractogram of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 6: the cyclic voltammogram of the nanoporous indium powder that embodiment 1 prepares.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment. Protection scope of the present invention is not limited with detailed description of the invention, but is defined in the claims.
Embodiment 1:
(1) by the potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution of the Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution of 0.8 mol/L and 0.8 mol/L, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel, wherein, Indium-111 chloride is 1:1 with the mol ratio of potassium cobalticyanide.
(2) In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to excessive borane reducing agent sodium hydride, react 1 hour, product is washed and dries, obtain nanoporous indium powder.
From Fig. 1~4, product has typical nano-porous structure, and this nano-porous structure is the porous network being connected with each other by nanometer rods and being formed, and indium nanorod diameter is distributed in 50 nanometers~500 nanometers, and average diameter is about 250 nanometers; The aperture of porous network structure is in mesoporous and macropore scope. The crystalline phase of X ray diffracting spectrum display product is single Tetragonal In (JCPDSNo.05-0642). From cyclic voltammogram, this nanoporous indium product has obvious oxidoreduction peak as lithium ion battery negative material, wherein, current potential the reduction peak of below 0.6V corresponding be lithium indium alloy (LixIn) forming process, current potential be positioned at 0.20,0.28,0.52 and 4 oxidation peak of 0.76V then come from the de-stage by stage lithium process of lithium indium alloy. In figure, the oxidation peak registration of the second circle and the 3rd circle is better, and this illustrates that this nanoporous indium product has good cyclical stability as lithium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 2:
(1) by the potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution of the Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution of 10 mol/L and 1 mol/L, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel, wherein, Indium-111 chloride is 10:1 with the mol ratio of potassium cobalticyanide.
(2) In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to the borane reducing agent sodium hydride of equivalent, react 24 hours, product is washed and dries, obtain nanoporous indium powder.
Its result is similar with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
(1) by the potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution of the Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution of 0.1 mol/L and 0.1 mol/L, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel, wherein, Indium-111 chloride is 0.1:1 with the mol ratio of potassium cobalticyanide.
(2) In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to excessive borane reducing agent sodium hydride, react 0.1 hour, product is washed and dries, obtain nanoporous indium powder.
Its result is similar with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
(1) by the potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution of the Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution of 0.02 mol/L and 0.01 mol/L, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel, wherein, Indium-111 chloride is 2:1 with the mol ratio of potassium cobalticyanide.
(2) In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to the borane reducing agent sodium hydride of equivalent, react 12 hours, product is washed and dries, obtain nanoporous indium powder.
Its result is similar with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5:
(1) by the potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution of the Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution of 1 mol/L and 0.5 mol/L, form In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel, wherein, Indium-111 chloride is 1:2 with the mol ratio of potassium cobalticyanide.
(2) In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to excessive borane reducing agent sodium hydride, react 0.5 hour, product is washed and dries, obtain nanoporous indium powder.
Its result is similar with embodiment 1.

Claims (5)

1. the preparation method of a nanoporous indium powder, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel: Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution and potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution are pressed certain mixed in molar ratio, forms In (III) Co (III) cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel;
(2) preparation of nanoporous indium powder: In (III) Co (III) the cyano group coordination polyalcohol hydrogel obtained with step (1) is for presoma, it is added thereto to equivalent or excessive sodium borohydride is reducing agent, react 0.1~24 hour, product washed and dries, obtaining described nanoporous indium powder.
2. the preparation method of nanoporous indium powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the concentration of described Indium-111 chloride aqueous solution is 0.01~10 mol/L, and the concentration of potassium cobalticyanide aqueous solution is 0.01~10 mol/L.
3. the preparation method of nanoporous indium powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mol ratio of Indium-111 chloride and potassium cobalticyanide is 0.1:1~10:1.
4. the preparation method of nanoporous indium powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nanoporous indium that described method prepares has the porous network structure being connected with each other and formed by indium nanometer rods.
5. the preparation method of nanoporous indium powder according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described indium nanorod diameter is distributed in 50 nanometers~500 nanometers.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103078091A (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Production method of metal or metalloid nanoparticles
CN103290246A (en) * 2013-05-27 2013-09-11 南京师范大学 Preparation method of three-dimensional nano porous tin-base alloy for lithium-ion battery negative electrode
CN104707590A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Preparation method and application of morphology-controllable indium nanocatalyst

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103078091A (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Production method of metal or metalloid nanoparticles
CN103290246A (en) * 2013-05-27 2013-09-11 南京师范大学 Preparation method of three-dimensional nano porous tin-base alloy for lithium-ion battery negative electrode
CN104707590A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Preparation method and application of morphology-controllable indium nanocatalyst

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