CN105675694B - The measuring system and method for flue gas composition concentration - Google Patents
The measuring system and method for flue gas composition concentration Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于烟气测量技术领域，特别涉及一种测量烟气组分浓度系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas measurement, in particular to a system and method for measuring the concentration of flue gas components.
背景技术Background technique
烟气分析在化肥、冶金、石油化工、水泥生产和火力发电行业占有重要地位，不同行业烟气成分不同，但主要是含SO2、NOX、CO、O2等的气体。烟气分析已成为这些行业用来保证安全、稳定、高效生产的有力手段。同时由于各种燃料燃烧所排放的大量有害物质已经成为当今世界主要的大气污染源，因此对大气中有害物质的检测尤为重要，对工业生产及环境保护都有重大意义。Flue gas analysis plays an important role in chemical fertilizer, metallurgy, petrochemical, cement production and thermal power generation industries. The composition of flue gas in different industries is different, but the main gas contains SO 2 , NO X , CO, O 2 and so on. Flue gas analysis has become a powerful means for these industries to ensure safe, stable and efficient production. At the same time, because a large number of harmful substances emitted by the combustion of various fuels have become the main source of air pollution in the world today, the detection of harmful substances in the atmosphere is particularly important, which is of great significance to industrial production and environmental protection.
当前的烟气分析技术主要有三种：奥式气体分析仪器法、色谱分析法、红外分析法。其中，奥氏气体分析仪是利用不同的溶液来相继吸收气体试样中的不同组分，但是只能单一成份地逐个进行检测分析，不具备多重输入和信号处理功能，分析费时，操作烦琐，响应速度慢，效率低，精度也不高，且难以实时地分析生产工况。色谱分析法是通过一次进样利用色谱柱使烟气中的所有组分(氧气、氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳)分离通过检测器和记录器测定并记录整个分析过程，然后用面积归一化计算出各组分的含量。色谱法分离效能高、样品用量少、可进行多组分分析、分析精度高和标定周期长。但是价格高且样品质量要求高，对操作员素质要求也很高，因此，一般小厂难以承受。红外分析法则简单可行，其工作原理是基于某些气体对不同波长的红外线辐射具有选择性吸收的特性，其吸收程度取决于被测气体的浓度。这种方法可同时测量若干个组分，但对分析对称结构无极性双原子分子及单原子分子气体不适用，同时测量时水分会干扰SO2和NOX的测量精度。There are three main current flue gas analysis techniques: Austrian gas analysis instrument method, chromatographic analysis method, and infrared analysis method. Among them, the Austenitic gas analyzer uses different solutions to successively absorb different components in the gas sample, but it can only detect and analyze a single component one by one, without multiple input and signal processing functions, the analysis is time-consuming, and the operation is cumbersome. The response speed is slow, the efficiency is low, the precision is not high, and it is difficult to analyze the production conditions in real time. Chromatographic analysis is to use a chromatographic column to separate all components (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide) in the flue gas through a single sample injection, measure and record the entire analysis process through detectors and recorders, and then use area normalization to calculate content of each component. Chromatography has high separation efficiency, less sample consumption, multi-component analysis, high analysis precision and long calibration period. However, the price is high, the sample quality is high, and the quality of the operator is also very high. Therefore, it is difficult for small factories to bear it. The infrared analysis method is simple and feasible. Its working principle is based on the selective absorption of certain gases to infrared radiation of different wavelengths, and the degree of absorption depends on the concentration of the measured gas. This method can measure several components at the same time, but it is not applicable to the analysis of symmetrical structure non-polar diatomic molecules and monatomic molecular gases, and moisture will interfere with the measurement accuracy of SO 2 and NO X during simultaneous measurement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种烟气组分浓度的测量系统及方法，本发明测量精度高、能够同时测量烟气多种组分的浓度，并给出组分浓度的变化情况。The object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for measuring the concentration of smoke components. The present invention has high measurement accuracy, can simultaneously measure the concentration of multiple components of smoke, and provides the variation of component concentrations.
为达到以上目的，本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:
一种烟气组分浓度的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the concentration of smoke components, comprising the steps of:
(1)烟气通过过滤器除去烟气中的固体杂质后，用体积流量计测量烟气的体积流量；(1) After the flue gas passes through the filter to remove solid impurities in the flue gas, use a volume flowmeter to measure the volume flow of the flue gas;
(2)而后烟气被通入若干个密闭容器中；每个密闭容器中装有能够吸收烟气中某一组分的吸收溶液；(2) Then the flue gas is passed into several airtight containers; each airtight container is equipped with an absorption solution capable of absorbing a certain component in the flue gas;
(3)每种吸收溶液中均插有一个参比电极和一个选择电极；所述选择电极用于测试烟气中某一组分被吸收溶液吸收后所形成待测离子的浓度；参比电极和选择电极采集到的电位差被传输到一个信号转换和数据处理模块中，从而输出该吸收溶液中待测离子的浓度变化信息；(3) A reference electrode and a selective electrode are inserted in each absorption solution; the selection electrode is used to test the concentration of the ion to be measured after a certain component in the flue gas is absorbed by the absorption solution; the reference electrode The potential difference collected by the selective electrode is transmitted to a signal conversion and data processing module, thereby outputting the concentration change information of the ion to be measured in the absorption solution;
(4)将体积流量计测得的烟气体积流量以及吸收溶液中待测离子浓度变化信息通过数据传输系统输入到单片机中，最后由单片机计算出当前烟气中待测组分的浓度。(4) The flue gas volume flow measured by the volume flowmeter and the change information of the concentration of the ion to be measured in the absorption solution are input into the single-chip microcomputer through the data transmission system, and finally the single-chip computer calculates the concentration of the component to be measured in the current flue gas.
进一步的，还包括以下步骤：Further, the following steps are also included:
(5)单片机控制自动给料装置向吸收溶液中加入对应的溶质以保证吸收溶液的吸收能力。(5) The single-chip microcomputer controls the automatic feeding device to add corresponding solutes to the absorption solution to ensure the absorption capacity of the absorption solution.
进一步的，参比电极和选择电极采集到的电位差信号在信号转换和数据处理模块中，经信号调节及放大电路放大后传递给A/D信号转换电路转换成数字信号，之后传递给数据处理单元，通过计算得到吸收溶液中相应待测离子浓度的测量值。Further, in the signal conversion and data processing module, the potential difference signal collected by the reference electrode and the selection electrode is transmitted to the A/D signal conversion circuit after being amplified by the signal conditioning and amplification circuit to convert it into a digital signal, and then transmitted to the data processing The unit is used to obtain the measured value of the corresponding concentration of the ion to be measured in the absorption solution through calculation.
进一步的，单片机计算烟气中某一组分浓度的具体步骤如下：Further, the specific steps for the single-chip computer to calculate the concentration of a certain component in the flue gas are as follows:
1)求得吸收溶液中X离子的摩尔数n，关系式为n＝[X]·V；其中，[X]为X离子的浓度，V为对应检测该X离子的吸收溶液的容积；X离子为所测某一组分被吸收溶液吸收后形成的待测离子；1) obtain the molar number n of X ions in the absorption solution, and the relational formula is n=[X] V; Wherein, [X] is the concentration of X ions, and V is the volume of the absorption solution corresponding to detecting the X ions; X The ion is the ion to be measured formed after a certain component to be measured is absorbed by the absorption solution;
2)将X离子的摩尔数对时间t求导，即dn/dt；2) Deriving the number of moles of X ions with respect to time t, that is, dn/dt;
3)求出当前烟气中X离子所对应组分的浓度c＝(dn/dt)/QV，单位为mol/m3；3) Find the concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q V of the component corresponding to the X ion in the current flue gas, the unit is mol/m 3 ;
其中，Qv为通入步骤1)中吸收溶液中的烟气体积流量。Wherein, Q v is the flue gas volume flow rate passed into the absorption solution in step 1).
进一步的，单片机控制自动给料机添加溶质的具体步骤如下：Further, the specific steps of adding solute to the automatic feeder controlled by the single-chip microcomputer are as follows:
1)单片机计算出待测离子的摩尔数n；1) The single-chip computer calculates the number of moles n of the ion to be measured;
2)每当n增加一个设定值m时，单片机控制自动机料机工作，添加m·M的溶质；其中M为摩尔质量。2) Whenever n increases by a set value m, the single-chip microcomputer controls the automatic feeder to work, adding m·M solute; where M is the molar mass.
一种烟气组分浓度的测量系统，包括气泵、过滤器、信号转换和数据处理模块、数据传输系统和单片机；A measurement system for the concentration of flue gas components, including an air pump, a filter, a signal conversion and data processing module, a data transmission system and a single-chip microcomputer;
气泵通过过滤器连接若干密闭容器，每个密闭容器中装有能够吸收烟气中某一组分的吸收溶液；The air pump is connected to several airtight containers through a filter, and each airtight container is filled with an absorption solution capable of absorbing a certain component in the flue gas;
每种吸收溶液中均插有一个参比电极和一个选择电极；所述选择电极用于测试烟气中某一组分被吸收溶液吸收后所形成待测离子的浓度；参比电极和选择电极采集到的电位差被传输到一个信号转换和数据处理模块中，经信号调节及放大电路放大后传递给A/D信号转换电路转换成数字信号，之后传递给数据处理单元，通过计算得到吸收溶液中相应待测离子浓度的测量值。Each absorption solution is inserted with a reference electrode and a selection electrode; the selection electrode is used to test the concentration of the ion to be measured after a certain component in the flue gas is absorbed by the absorption solution; the reference electrode and the selection electrode The collected potential difference is transmitted to a signal conversion and data processing module, and after being amplified by the signal conditioning and amplification circuit, it is transmitted to the A/D signal conversion circuit to be converted into a digital signal, and then transmitted to the data processing unit, and the absorption solution is obtained through calculation The measured value of the corresponding concentration of the ion to be measured.
进一步的，单片机计算得到吸收溶液中相应待测离子浓度的测量值的步骤为：Further, the steps for the single-chip computer to calculate the measured value of the corresponding ion concentration to be measured in the absorption solution are:
1)求得吸收溶液中X离子的摩尔数n，关系式为n＝[X]·V；其中，[X]为X离子的浓度，V为对应检测该X离子的吸收溶液的容积；X离子为所测某一组分被吸收溶液吸收后形成的待测离子；1) obtain the molar number n of X ions in the absorption solution, and the relational formula is n=[X] V; Wherein, [X] is the concentration of X ions, and V is the volume of the absorption solution corresponding to detecting the X ions; X The ion is the ion to be measured formed after a certain component to be measured is absorbed by the absorption solution;
2)将X离子的摩尔数对时间t求导，即dn/dt；2) Deriving the number of moles of X ions with respect to time t, that is, dn/dt;
3)求出当前烟气中X离子所对应组分的浓度c＝(dn/dt)/QV，单位为mol/m3；3) Find the concentration c=(dn/dt)/Q V of the component corresponding to the X ion in the current flue gas, the unit is mol/m 3 ;
其中，Qv为通入步骤1)中吸收溶液中的烟气体积流量。Wherein, Q v is the flue gas volume flow rate passed into the absorption solution in step 1).
进一步的，密闭容器底部设有搅拌器；密闭容器中的吸收溶液的上部空间还连通有吸收余气的余气收集装置。Further, a stirrer is provided at the bottom of the airtight container; the upper space of the absorption solution in the airtight container is also communicated with a residual gas collecting device for absorbing residual gas.
进一步的，单片机还连接有自动给料装置，用于向吸收溶液中加入对应的溶质以保证吸收溶液的吸收能力。Further, the single-chip microcomputer is also connected with an automatic feeding device for adding corresponding solutes to the absorption solution to ensure the absorption capacity of the absorption solution.
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、只需将烟气通入测量系统，选择合适的吸收溶液及离子电极，即可测出烟气中的该组分浓度。操作方便简单，响应快速。1. Only need to pass the flue gas into the measurement system, select the appropriate absorption solution and ion electrode, and then the concentration of the component in the flue gas can be measured. The operation is convenient and simple, and the response is fast.
2、测量时通过选择合适的吸收溶液以及离子电极可以对多个组分进行测量。2. When measuring, multiple components can be measured by selecting a suitable absorption solution and ion electrode.
3、能够对烟气组分浓度进行实时测量，给出气体组分浓度的变化情况。3. It can measure the concentration of flue gas components in real time, and give the change of the concentration of gas components.
4、通过单片机控制自动给料装置不断加入溶质以保证溶液的吸收能力。4. The solute is continuously added to the automatic feeding device controlled by the single chip computer to ensure the absorption capacity of the solution.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1是本发明方法所涉及测量装置原理图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measuring device involved in the method of the present invention.
图中：1、气泵；2、过滤器；3、体积流量计；4、余气收集装置；5、信号转换和数据处理模块；6、数据传输系统；7、参比电极；8、X离子选择电极；9、搅拌器；10、吸收溶液；11、自动给料装置。In the figure: 1. Air pump; 2. Filter; 3. Volume flow meter; 4. Residual gas collection device; 5. Signal conversion and data processing module; 6. Data transmission system; 7. Reference electrode; 8. X ion Select electrode; 9. Stirrer; 10. Absorb solution; 11. Automatic feeding device.
图2是图1中信号转换和数据处理模块的结构原理图。Fig. 2 is a structural principle diagram of the signal conversion and data processing module in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参阅图1及图2所示，本发明一种烟气组分浓度的测量系统，包括：气泵1、过滤器2、体积流量计3、余气收集装置4、信号转换和数据处理模块5、数据传输系统6和单片机PLC。Please refer to Fig. 1 and shown in Fig. 2, a kind of flue gas component concentration measuring system of the present invention comprises: air pump 1, filter 2, volumetric flowmeter 3, residual gas collecting device 4, signal conversion and data processing module 5 , Data transmission system 6 and single-chip PLC.
气泵通过过滤器和体积流量计连接一个或多个密闭容器，每个密闭容器中装有能够吸收烟气中某一组分的吸收溶液；每种吸收溶液中均插有一个参比电极7和一个X离子选择电极8；选择电极用于测试烟气中某一组分被吸收溶液吸收后所形成待测X离子的浓度；参比电极和选择电极采集到的电位差被传输到一个信号转换和数据处理模块6中，经信号调节及放大电路放大后传递给A/D信号转换电路转换成数字信号，之后通过数据传输系统6传递给单片机，通过单片机计算得到吸收溶液中相应待测离子浓度的测量值。The air pump is connected to one or more airtight containers through a filter and a volume flow meter, and each airtight container is equipped with an absorption solution capable of absorbing a certain component in the flue gas; each absorption solution is inserted with a reference electrode 7 and An X ion selective electrode 8; the selective electrode is used to test the concentration of the X ion to be measured after a certain component in the flue gas is absorbed by the absorption solution; the potential difference collected by the reference electrode and the selective electrode is transmitted to a signal converter And in the data processing module 6, after being amplified by the signal adjustment and amplification circuit, it is transmitted to the A/D signal conversion circuit to be converted into a digital signal, and then transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer through the data transmission system 6, and the corresponding ion concentration to be measured in the absorption solution is calculated by the single-chip microcomputer measured value.
密闭容器底部设有搅拌器9；密闭容器中的吸收溶液的上部空间还连通有吸收余气的余气收集装置4。单片机还连接有自动给料装置11，用于向吸收溶液中加入对应的溶质以保证吸收溶液的吸收能力。A stirrer 9 is arranged at the bottom of the airtight container; the upper space of the absorption solution in the airtight container is also communicated with a residual gas collecting device 4 for absorbing residual gas. The single-chip computer is also connected with an automatic feeding device 11 for adding corresponding solutes to the absorption solution to ensure the absorption capacity of the absorption solution.
本发明一种烟气组分浓度的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring the concentration of smoke components of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)通过气泵1泵入的多组分烟气通过过滤器2除去烟气中的固体杂质后，用一个体积流量计3测量烟气的体积流量。(1) After the multi-component flue gas pumped in by the air pump 1 passes through the filter 2 to remove solid impurities in the flue gas, a volume flow meter 3 is used to measure the volume flow of the flue gas.
(2)而后烟气被通入装有固定容积吸收溶液10的密闭容器中，容器底部装有搅拌器9以保证溶液溶质的均匀性，通过余气收集装置4采集吸收溶液的余气；吸收溶液10可选取能够吸收烟气中一种气体的溶液来作为吸收溶液；密闭容器中的吸收溶液需要自行配置一定浓度的标准液，其体积为定值V。本发明中如果设置多个密闭容器测量烟气中不同组分浓度时，设置多个体积流量计3测量通入不同吸收溶液中的烟气的体积流量。(2) then flue gas is passed in the airtight container that fixed volume absorbing solution 10 is housed, and agitator 9 is equipped with at the bottom of the container to ensure the uniformity of solution solute, collects the residual gas of absorbing solution by residual gas collecting device 4; The solution 10 can be selected as the absorption solution that can absorb a gas in the flue gas; the absorption solution in the airtight container needs to prepare a standard solution with a certain concentration by itself, and its volume is a fixed value V. In the present invention, if a plurality of airtight containers are arranged to measure the concentration of different components in the flue gas, a plurality of volume flowmeters 3 are arranged to measure the volume flow of the flue gas passing into different absorption solutions.
(3)密闭容器的吸收溶液10中插有两个电极——X离子选择电极8和参比电极7，电极采集到的电位差被传输到信号转换和数据处理模块5中，从而输出溶液中X离子的浓度[X]的变化情况；电极的选取和烟气组分有关，如果要测多种组分只需添加相应的X离子电极即可。(3) Two electrodes—X ion selective electrode 8 and reference electrode 7 are inserted in the absorption solution 10 of the airtight container, and the potential difference collected by the electrodes is transmitted to the signal conversion and data processing module 5, thereby outputting in the solution The change of the concentration [X] of X ions; the selection of electrodes is related to the components of the flue gas. If you want to measure multiple components, you only need to add the corresponding X ion electrodes.
参考图2，电极采集到的电位差信号在信号转换和数据处理模块中，经信号调节及放大电路，传递给A/D信号转换电路，该电路将接收到的放大电信号转换成数字信号，之后传递给数据处理单元，该单元将其接收到的数字信号通过计算得到相应的离子浓度的测量值。其计算原理如下：Referring to Figure 2, the potential difference signal collected by the electrodes is transmitted to the A/D signal conversion circuit through the signal conditioning and amplification circuit in the signal conversion and data processing module, and the circuit converts the received amplified electrical signal into a digital signal, Then it is transmitted to the data processing unit, which calculates the received digital signal to obtain the corresponding measured value of ion concentration. Its calculation principle is as follows:
当X离子选择电极8与参比电极7浸入被测溶液时，X离子电极的敏感膜与溶液间即产生一定的电位，此电位和溶液中X离子的活度ax之间的关系，符合电化学理论中的能斯特方程：When the X ion selective electrode 8 and the reference electrode 7 are immersed in the measured solution, a certain potential is generated between the sensitive membrane of the X ion electrode and the solution, and the relationship between this potential and the activity a x of the X ion in the solution is in accordance with The Nernst equation in electrochemical theory:
Ex＝E0±lgax(正、负号对应阴、阳离子)E x ＝E 0 ±lga x (positive and negative signs correspond to negative and positive ions)
式中：Ex：由电极系统产生的电池电动势；E0：电极系统的截距电位，在一定条件下，可看作为一常数；ax：X离子的活度，它与离子浓度Cx有ax＝f·Cx的关系。f一般称为活度系数，它是溶液的总离子强度的函数，在溶液中总离子强度不变的情况下，它是一个常数。In the formula: E x : the battery electromotive force generated by the electrode system; E 0 : the intercept potential of the electrode system, which can be regarded as a constant under certain conditions; a x : the activity of X ions, which is related to the ion concentration C x There is a relationship of a x = f·C x . f is generally called the activity coefficient, which is a function of the total ionic strength of the solution, and it is a constant when the total ionic strength in the solution is constant.
(4)将体积流量计3测得的烟气体积流量Qv以及吸收溶液10中X离子浓度变化关系通过数据传输系统6输入到具有数据处理功能的单片机PLC中，由PLC计算出当前时刻烟气中该组分的浓度。具体步骤如下：(4) Input the flue gas volume flow rate Q v measured by the volumetric flowmeter 3 and the X ion concentration change relationship in the absorption solution 10 into the single-chip PLC with data processing function through the data transmission system 6, and calculate the current moment by the PLC. The concentration of the component in the air. Specific steps are as follows:
1)求得溶液中X离子的摩尔数，关系式为n＝[X]·V；1) obtain the number of moles of X ion in the solution, the relational formula is n=[X] V;
2)将X离子的摩尔数对时间t求导，即dn/dt；2) Deriving the number of moles of X ions with respect to time t, that is, dn/dt;
3)求出气体组分浓度(mol/m3)，c＝(dn/dt)/QV。3) Calculate the gas component concentration (mol/m 3 ), c=(dn/dt)/Q V .
(5)在单片机中设置合适的待测离子摩尔数增量m。(5) Set the appropriate molar increment m of the ion to be measured in the single-chip microcomputer.
假设需要测量烟气中的HCl的浓度，可选NaOH溶液作为吸收溶液10，X离子电极8使用氯离子选择电极，其在溶液中发生化学反应：Assuming that the concentration of HCl in the flue gas needs to be measured, NaOH solution can be selected as the absorption solution 10, and the X ion electrode 8 uses a chloride ion selective electrode, which undergoes a chemical reaction in the solution:
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2OHCl+NaOH→NaCl+H 2 O
选好吸收溶液及离子选择电极后，将烟气由气泵1通入测量系统即可。多组分测量可依照以上单组份方法类推。After selecting the absorption solution and the ion-selective electrode, the flue gas can be passed into the measurement system through the air pump 1. Multi-component measurement can be analogized according to the above single-component method.
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