CN105670231B - The preparation method of inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin - Google Patents
The preparation method of inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin Download PDFInfo
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- CN105670231B CN105670231B CN201610238941.8A CN201610238941A CN105670231B CN 105670231 B CN105670231 B CN 105670231B CN 201610238941 A CN201610238941 A CN 201610238941A CN 105670231 B CN105670231 B CN 105670231B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/22—Halogen free composition
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Abstract
The preparation method of inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin, it is related to the field of fire-proof technology of fire retarding epoxide resin system, using inflatable carbonitride as fire retardant, epoxy resin is matrix, and curing agent is solidification, and fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material is prepared by physics synergistic.Using limited oxygen index, ESEM figure analysis method is tested and characterized, and inflatable carbonitride has preferable compatibility compared with expansible graphite, and finer and close layer of charcoal is formed after expanded by heating, heat-insulated oxygen barrier effect can be played well, delay or inhibit the burning of system.The present invention successfully prepares a kind of Halogen, the high-performance flame-retardant material of efficient, nontoxic, low cigarette a new generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of fire-proof technology of fire retarding epoxide resin system, more particularly to inflatable carbonitride flame retardant epoxy
The technology of preparing of resin.
Background technology
In recent years, rubber, plastics, synthetic fibers, coating, five big synthetic material of adhesive, polymeric material and its product
Flourished, they just replace rapidly the natural polymers such as traditional steel, metal, cement and timber, cotton, applied to work
Each department of the national economy such as industry, agricultural, military affairs, but most of high polymers belong to combustible material, the fire thereby resulted in
It is increasing with damage to property.It is reported that the fire incident of nearly 2 years is frequent, fire 39.5 ten thousand occurs for the whole nation within 2014, extremely
Die injured 1493 people of 1817 people, 43.9 hundred million yuan of direct property loss；2015, national fire 33.8 ten thousand of being informed of a case altogether, cause
1742 people are dead, 1112 people are injured, 39.5 hundred million yuan of direct property loss.In consideration of it, brainstrust appeals to try one's best using non-ignitable, difficult
The building and ornament materials of combustion.Therefore, how to improve the flame retardant type of synthetic high polymer and natural high polymer has turned into a urgent need solution
Certainly the problem of.Epoxy resin belongs to one kind of thermosets, with the development of industrial technology and the progress of materials industry, ring
The usage amount and application field of oxygen tree fat are increasing, but epoxy resin is a kind of inflammable material in itself, in order to
The security of the lives and property of people, fire-retardant be very important is carried out to it.
Fire retardant is the flame resistance for improving material, in order that material reaches certain flame-retardancy requirements by ignition resistant substrate,
Need to typically add considerable amount of fire retardant, but this often greatly deteriorate the physical and mechanical properties of material, electric property and
Thermal stability, while can also cause some problems in terms of material processing technique.In addition, improving the same of Flame Retardancy
When, should try one's best the thermal decomposition or burning that reduce material when the toxic gas volume that generates and smoke.According to statistics, the dead thing in fire
Therefore caused by having the asphyxia that 80 % or so are due to toxic gas and cigarette.
Expansible graphite is a kind of novel halogen-free flame-retardant agent occurred in recent years --- expansible graphite (EG) aboundresources,
It is simple to manufacture, cheap, nontoxic, low cigarette, oneself turns into the focus of current expansion type flame retardant research.
The burning that expansible graphite expands the expansion heat insulation layer to be formed mainly by own vol to delay or suppress polymer,
With not occurred between flame-retardant polymer or chemical action seldom occurring, and after EG expansions, the expanded graphite that is formed is to each other
Adhesive force is weaker, and after polymeric matrix burning, expanded graphite can not form firm foamed char, in flame pressure or heat
In the presence of measuring convection current, the expanded graphite layer on surface may be destroyed, and formed " flying dust ", caused the forfeiture of adiabatic expansion layer,
And then triggering unburned polymer to be ignited, flame continues to propagate, and flame retarding efficiency is limited.In recent years, it is used many
The flame retardant materials mixed with expansible graphite, are made compound flame retardant, make fire retardant mechanism turn into meteorological fire-retardant same with condensed phase
Shi Jinhang, greatly increase the fire resistance of matrix material.However, although compositional flame-retardant composite fire resistance obtains
Lifting, but fire retardant addition is still very big, and the compatibility of fire retardant and base material still has much room for improvement, and causes polymer matrix compound
The mechanical property of material is influenceed by serious, find a kind of few additive, efficiently and be provided simultaneously with gas phase it is fire-retardant and cohesion
The research of the fire retardant of mutually fire-retardant advantage still needs to go deep into progress.
In recent years, due to class graphite phase carbon nitride（g - C3N4）With suitable photocatalysis band gap, excellent semiconductive
Can, excellent stability, makes its of great interest at high temperature.At room temperature, g-C3N4It is by with 3-s- triazines
Ring（- C6N7）The flat sheet structure being connected between the long-chain molecule honey primary amine of composition with hydrogen bond, the N that each interannular passes through end
Atom is connected, and forms the pi-conjugated plane wirelessly expanded.Because the hydrogen bond between sweet primary amine is present, substantial amounts of sweet primary amine is made to be formed
Orderly lamella, these pi-conjugated planes are accumulated by way of class graphite, form the lamellar structure with certain defect.
This structure imparts g-C3N4Excellent wearability, chemical heat endurance and heat endurance etc., in catalyst carrier, energy storage
Material and fire proofing have very high application prospect.
Class graphite phase carbon nitride（g - C3N4）With stable, high temperature resistant, there is suitable band structure, still
Due to the block structure of its multiple-level stack, thus g-C3N4Surface area very little, seriously constrain in terms of its photocatalysis should
With.If can be by the C with layer structure3N4It is prepared into g-C3N4Interbed compound, after high temperature puffing is handled, it compares
Surface area will substantially improve.The mechanism of intumescence of analogy expansible graphite, due to 3-s- triazine rings（- C6N7）On nitrogen-atoms
Upper to have a pair of lone pair electrons, reproducibility is slightly larger compared with the carbon atom C in plumbago single slice layer, and every 3 3-s- triazine rings（-
C6N7）Between nano aperture between larger atom be present, the hole can provide effective attack position for the attack of oxidant
Point, thus g-C3N4More fire retardant gas can be produced in the puffing process of interbed compound and oxidant reaction；Meanwhile g
- C3N4Formed after expanded by heating can the effective burning of starvation and matrix fine and close carbon-coating, therefore in theory, g
- C3N4The advantages of interbed compound will be provided simultaneously with fire-retardant gas phase and condensed phase as fire retardant.Although however, g-C3N4Tool
There is the layer structure of class graphite, but its each layer is to be formed by the long-chain macromolecule of sweet primary amine with Hydrogenbond, g-C3N4
Each lamella in have the defects of different degrees of, cause the intercalation method meeting aoxidized using sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and sodium nitrate
Destroy its layer structure.Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of inflatable g-C3N4, to obtain Halogen, efficient, nontoxic, low cigarette is new
The high-performance flame-retardant material of a generation.
The content of the invention
The defects of for prior art, present invention aims at provide a kind of system of inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin
Preparation Method, to improve the anti-flammability of fire retarding epoxide resin.
The present invention comprises the following steps：
1）Under the conditions of magnetic agitation, by the carbonitride of graphite-structure（g - C3N4）It is dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid, nitridation is made
Carbon-concentrated sulfuric acid solution；Carbonitride-concentrated sulfuric acid solution is cooled to 8~10 DEG C, inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal is made；Will be inflatable
Carbon Nitride Crystal removes the sulfuric acid solution on inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal surface using absolute ethyl alcohol washing, then by inflatable carbonitride
Crystal is dried in vacuo in vacuum drying case, and inflatable carbonitride is made；
2）Curing agent after inflatable carbonitride is first mixed with the epoxy resin of de-soak again with de-soak uniformly mixes, then
It is placed in curing mold and solidifies, prepares inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin.
In order to prevent bubble from account for the volume of fire retarding epoxide resin, the fire resistance of fire retarding epoxide resin can be influenceed.This hair
It is bright to need to remove the bubble in epoxy resin and curative systems, by still epoxy resin and still curing agent with may expand
Carbonitride mixes.
The present invention is first by the carbonitride of graphite-structure（g - C3N4）Inflatable carbonitride is made, then may expand carbonitride
（ECN）For fire retardant, epoxy resin is matrix, and curing agent is solidification, and fire retarding epoxide resin composite wood is prepared by physics synergistic
Material.Tested and characterized using a variety of analysis means, to obtain the high-performance resistance of Halogen, efficient, nontoxic, low cigarette a new generation
Combustible material.
Further, step 1 of the present invention）The mixing ratio of the middle concentrated sulfuric acid and graphite phase carbon nitride is 10 mL: 3g.Should
Amount ratio ensures that graphite phase carbon nitride can be dissolved completely in the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid can be made fully to be filled with graphite phase carbon nitride
Divide mixing, form saturated solution, when temperature reduces, have white crystal precipitation.If if the content of carbonitride is a lot,
May result in part graphite phase carbon nitride can not be dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid, if if graphite phase carbon nitride content is seldom, graphite
Phase carbon nitride can not form saturated solution after being dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid, not have white crystal precipitation when reducing temperature.
The step 1）Described in dissolving be carbonitride in graphite-structure（g - C3N4）Mixing temperature with the concentrated sulfuric acid is
Carried out under conditions of 60~80 DEG C.At this temperature, graphite phase carbon nitride is gradually dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid, until all molten
Solution, solution is into clear light yellow.
The step 2）Middle cooldown rate is 2~4 DEG C/h.With the slow reduction of temperature, solution starts precipitation white can
Expand Carbon Nitride Crystal.The purpose of this cooling velocity is to grow out with enabling graphite phase carbon nitride crystal stable and uniform, if
Cooling velocity is more than the value, can not separate out white crystal.If cooling velocity is too slow, the very big crystal of smaller particle can be produced.
The step 3）Described in vacuum drying temperature conditionss be 40~60 DEG C, vacuum be 66.6~68.6 kPa,
Time is 2~4 h.Set the purpose of the temperature and vacuum degree condition be remove plane of crystal absolute ethyl alcohol and a small amount of moisture,
Crystal is allowed to keep drying.If temperature is too low, crystal is not easy to dry, if the too high crystal structure that can talk nitridation of temperature becomes
Change.2-4 hours are dried in vacuo, sample can be completely dried in this period, are taken out stand-by.
The step 2）Described in the epoxy resin of de-soak, the curing agent of de-soak and inflatable carbonitride mixing quality ratio
For 4: 1: 1, the mass ratio is prepared into high performance inflatable carbonitride fire retardant.
The step 2）Described in the temperature of heating of epoxy resin and curing agent de-soak be respectively 70~75 DEG C, can be effective
Bubble in removing system.When temperature is higher than 75 DEG C during such as bubble removing, the molecule structure change of system may be changed.If temperature
The bubble of system can not then be eliminated during less than 70 DEG C.
In order to ensure inflatable nitridation carbon tube/epoxy resin shapes in a template, step 2 of the present invention）Described in solidify
Temperature is room temperature, and the time of solidification is 30~48 hours.
The invention has the advantages that：
First, 3-s- triazine rings（- C6N7）On nitrogen-atoms on there are a pair of lone pair electrons, reproducibility is compared with plumbago single slice
Carbon atom C in layer is slightly larger, and every 3 3-s- triazine rings（- C6N7）Between nano aperture between larger atom be present,
The hole can provide effective attack site, thus g-C for the attack of oxidant3N4Interbed compound and oxidant reaction
Puffing process in can caused by fire retardant gas.
Second, inflatable carbonitride is played heat-insulated, oxygen barrier effect by fine and close foamed char is thermally decomposed into, can be effective
Ground improves the oxygen index (OI) numerical value of epoxy-resin systems, extends the weightless scope of epoxy resin, while delayed epoxy resin body
The decomposition of system, serve the heat stabilization for improving epoxy-resin systems in hot stage.
3rd, inflatable carbonitride has good compatibility with epoxy resin, after high-temp combustion, foamed char meeting
The surface of epoxy resin is adhered to well, so as to prevent the chance that epoxy resin contacts with oxygen, heat, improves epoxy
The fire resistance of resin system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is compound for the obtained different content expansible graphite epoxy resin composite material of the present invention, nitridation carbon tube/epoxy resin
The limited oxygen index analysis chart of material and inflatable nitridation carbon tube/epoxy resin composite material.
Fig. 2 is the expanded rear scanning electricity for forming layer of charcoal of inflatable nitridation carbon tube/epoxy resin composite material produced by the present invention
Mirror figure.
Embodiment
First, expansion carbonitride is prepared：
1st, 30~50mL concentrated sulfuric acids are added in flask（It is preferred that 10mL）, and add 10~12g（It is preferred that 3g）Graphite-structure
Carbonitride（g - C3N4）.It is placed in the thermostat water bath with magnetic stirring apparatus, magnetic stirring apparatus is opened, by water-bath temperature
Degree rises to 60~80 DEG C, and stirring obtains carbonitride-concentrated sulfuric acid solution to nitridation carbon dissolution.
2nd, carbonitride-concentrated sulfuric acid solution is put into low temperature cold bath, 8~10 DEG C is cooled to 2~4 DEG C/h speed, with
The slow reduction of temperature, solution starts to separate out the inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal of white, final to obtain the inflatable nitridation carbon crystal of white
Body.
3rd, the inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal of white is transferred on sand core funnel, decompression filters, and takes solid phase to reuse anhydrous second
Alcohol washing precipitation 6~8 times, then be placed in vacuum drying chamber, setting drying condition is 40~60 DEG C, vacuum is 66.6~68.6
KPa, is dried in vacuo 2~4 h, and obtained white granular solid is inflatable carbonitride.
Its structural formula is as follows：
Wherein, n 1,2 or 3.
Through analysis, the inflatable carbonitride obtained every time is all the mixture that n is 1,2 or 3 in above formula.
2nd, fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material is prepared：
1st, respectively using expansible graphite, carbonitride and inflatable carbonitride as fire retardant, by fire retardant respectively with asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Fat and curing agent are mixed and made into the weighing formula of fire proofing.
（1）The fire proofing containing expansible graphite is prepared, each example following table weighs（Unit：g）：
（2）The fire proofing containing carbonitride is prepared, each example following table weighs（Unit：g）：
（3）The fire proofing containing inflatable carbonitride is prepared, each example following table weighs（Unit：g）：
Fire retardant in the formula of each fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material above（Expansible graphite, carbonitride and inflatable nitrogen
Change carbon）Quality account for the 0% of fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material gross mass, 5 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 % and 15 % respectively.
Cured above dose is conventional solidified dose in industry.
2nd, each fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material is prepared：
Epoxy resin, curing agent are respectively placed in beaker, are placed in heating in 70~75 DEG C of water-baths, respectively except decyclization
Caused bubble when oxygen tree fat, curing agent weigh.
Corresponding fire retardant is poured into the epoxy resin of bubble removing, stirred, then add degasification
The curing agent of bubble, is stirred, and obtains compound.
Compound is poured into preprepared curing mold, cold curing 30~48 hours, be stripped, obtained each fire-retardant
Epoxy resin composite material.
3rd, the performance of the fire retardant of any of the above different content is analyzed：
1st, with limited oxygen index（LOI）The heat endurance and combustibility of each fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material to more than
Studied.
With ESEM（SEM）Layer of charcoal of the fire retarding epoxide resin system after heated is analyzed：Using HC-2 type oxygen
Indexer, the method as defined in GB4609-84, respectively to the resistance of different flame-retardant epoxide resin materials and addition different content
The flame-retardant epoxide resin material for firing agent carries out limiting oxygen index determination, obtains Fig. 1 limited oxygen index analysis chart.
Curve expansible graphite represents the limited oxygen index of fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material in Fig. 1 and expansible graphite contains
The graph of a relation of amount.
Curve carbonitride represents the limited oxygen index and the relation of nitridation carbon content of fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material in Fig. 1
Figure.
Curve may expand carbonitride and represent the limited oxygen index of fire-retarding epoxy resin composite material and inflatable nitridation in Fig. 1
The graph of a relation of carbon content.
From figure 1 it appears that the limit oxygen of expansible graphite, carbonitride and inflatable these three flame-retardant systems of carbonitride
Index increases with the increase of respective flame retardant agent content.After amount of flame-retardant agent is more than 15%, system limited oxygen index increases
Trend is slow.
Simultaneously it is also seen that may expand good flame retardation effect of the carbonitride flame retardant effect than expansible graphite.Inflatable carbonitride is used
Measure for 10 % when, be 12 % equivalent to expansible graphite dosage.When inflatable carbonitride dosage is 10 %, system oxygen refers to
Number just reaches 30.2 %.Because inflatable carbonitride compares, expansible graphite has more preferable compatibility, by heated swollen
Finer and close layer of charcoal is formed after swollen, can preferably play a part of heat-insulated oxygen barrier, so that the fire resistance of system is more preferable.
2nd, using JSM-5900LV type ESEMs, the inflatable nitridation carbon tube/epoxy resin body of sample used in ESEM exists
Charcoal after being burnt under limited oxygen index.Sample is scanned after surface gold-plating, obtains Fig. 2 result.
2 as can be seen that inflatable carbonitride expands after being heated from figure, and formation has the foamed char of small hole, institute
The layer of charcoal of formation is fine and close, stably and charcoal bedding void is smaller.The layer of charcoal formed after inflatable carbonitride expanded by heating, energy
Preferably play a part of heat-insulated oxygen barrier, delay or inhibit the burning of system.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Under the conditions of magnetic agitation, by the carbonitride of graphite-structure（g - C3N4）It is dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid, obtained carbonitride-
Concentrated sulfuric acid solution；Carbonitride-concentrated sulfuric acid solution is cooled to 8~10 DEG C, inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal is made；By inflatable nitridation
Carbon crystal removes the sulfuric acid solution on inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal surface using absolute ethyl alcohol washing, then by inflatable Carbon Nitride Crystal
It is dried in vacuo in vacuum drying case, inflatable carbonitride is made；
2）Curing agent after inflatable carbonitride is first mixed with the epoxy resin of de-soak again with de-soak uniformly mixes, and is subsequently placed in
Solidify in curing mold, prepare inflatable carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin.
2. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
1）The carbonitride of the middle concentrated sulfuric acid and graphite-structure（g - C3N4）Mixing ratio be 10 mL: 3g.
3. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
1）Described in dissolving be carbonitride in graphite-structure（g - C3N4）Under conditions of mixing temperature with the concentrated sulfuric acid is 60~80 DEG C
Carry out.
4. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
1）Middle cooldown rate is 2~4 DEG C/h.
5. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
1）Described in vacuum drying temperature conditionss be 40~60 DEG C, vacuum is 66.6~68.6 kPa, the time is 2~4 h.
6. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
2）Described in the epoxy resin of de-soak, the curing agent of de-soak and inflatable carbonitride mixing quality ratio be 4: 1: 1.
7. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
2）The middle bubble by epoxy resin in heating under conditions of environment temperature is 70~75 DEG C removes epoxy resin, obtain still
Epoxy resin.
8. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
2）The middle bubble by curing agent in heating under conditions of environment temperature is 70~75 DEG C removes curing agent, obtain still solidification
Agent.
9. the preparation method of carbonitride fire retarding epoxide resin is may expand according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
2）Described in the temperature that solidifies be room temperature, the time of solidification is 30~48 hours.
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| CN109824942B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-04-20 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation and application of organic-inorganic hybrid material composite flame retardant |
| CN110093013A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-06 | 安徽美佳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of fire-retardant epoxy resin |
| CN110183831A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-30 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of metal organic frame modification graphitic nitralloy carbon/unsaturated polyester resin composite flame-proof material preparation method and applications |
| CN110183773B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-06-25 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation method of chitosan quaternary ammonium salt organic intercalation montmorillonite composite material |
| CN112129796A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-25 | 宁波工程学院 | Preparation method of combustion carbon layer for analyzing flame-retardant mechanism |
| CN113621308A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-09 | 青岛信拓海昌工程技术有限公司 | Waterproof flame-retardant heat-insulation coating and preparation method thereof |
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