CN105670118B - 一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN105670118B
CN105670118B CN201610120487.6A CN201610120487A CN105670118B CN 105670118 B CN105670118 B CN 105670118B CN 201610120487 A CN201610120487 A CN 201610120487A CN 105670118 B CN105670118 B CN 105670118B
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翁文彬
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可降抗菌的解薄膜母料配方,包括下列重量份的组分构成:聚丙烯酸酯:100~200份、聚丙烯:150~300份、淀粉:50~100份、聚乳酸:20~50份、爽滑剂:20~30份、抗菌剂:5~15份、合成植物酯:5~50份。通过本发明得到母料,具有较好的可降解能力以及较好的抗菌性能。

Description

一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种薄膜,更具体地说,它涉及一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料及其生产方法。
背景技术
双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)一般为薄膜,是由聚丙烯颗粒经共挤形成片材后,再经纵横两个方向的拉伸而制得的。由于拉伸分子定向,所以这种薄膜的物理稳定性、机械强度、气密性较好,透明度和光泽度较高,坚韧耐磨,是目前应用最广泛的印刷薄膜,一般使用厚度为20~40 μ m ,应用最广泛的为20 μ m 。双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜主要缺点是热封性差,所以一般用做复合薄膜的外层薄膜,如与聚乙烯薄膜复合后防潮性、透明性、强度、挺度和印刷性均较理想,适用于盛装干燥食品。
但是,随着时代的进步与发展,人们对包装薄膜的要求越来越高。特别是在环保抗菌上的要求,在医用食品领域这一方面的要求与日俱增。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本实发明的目的在于提供一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料及其生产方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,包括下列重量份的组分构成:
聚丙烯酸酯:100~200份;
聚丙烯:150~300份;
淀粉:50~100份;
聚乳酸:20~50份;
爽滑剂:20~30份;
抗菌剂:5~15份;
合成植物酯:5~50份。
所述淀粉分子量为10000~17000。
在本发明中,基料的选择上选用聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯,通过淀粉和聚乳酸的加入,使得在聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯相互聚合在一起时,中间通过淀粉和聚乳酸相互聚合在一起。同时聚丙烯和聚丙烯酸酯的相容性较好,因此两者在共混过程中可以很到地混合在一起。同时聚丙烯酸酯上带有羧基,而淀粉和聚乳酸上带有羟基能够容易与聚丙烯酸酯相互聚合,形成一个骨架结构,从而起到基料之间的连接作用。由于淀粉和聚乳酸属于可降解材料,因此,在聚乳酸和淀粉降解够,会是的基料分子之间的连接部位发生断裂,从而破坏了整个骨架结构,因此能够起到较好的降解效果。
同时,由于淀粉一般分子量较大其降解时间较长,而聚乳酸则较容易被降解,但是在整个分子结构上由于分子量较小,其强度较差。因此,降解材料选用淀粉和聚乳酸同时使用。聚乳酸和淀粉也能够相互聚合,因此在整个降解过程中,聚乳酸首先被降解,降解后断开分子链较大的淀粉分子,使得淀粉分子分子量减少,之后淀粉再开始降解,从而提高了降解效率。同时加入一定量的抗菌剂,使得母料上具有抗菌性能。
而合成植物酯作为增塑剂加入到母料中,在塑料加工中添加,可以使其柔韧性增强,容易加工。并且,合成植物酯作为天然产物,在土壤中容易被降解,环保无污染。
爽滑剂的加入使得通过本发明母料生产出来的薄膜更加顺滑,拥有较好的手感,同时不会粘附空气重的尘埃和其他有害物质。从而使得本发明的母料,能够更好地适用于医疗卫生领域。
在爽滑剂的使用上选用酰胺类化合物,常见的爽滑剂有酰胺类、皂类、有机硅类,有机硅类是液体状,添加不方便,价格昂贵,而且目前国内基本没有专业生产厂家,难以推广应用;皂类的产品虽说价格低廉,但爽滑效果不理想,这样需要添加的量就很大,故其难以应用于中高档制品;而酰胺类的爽滑剂,价格适中,效果明显,而且其还无毒,已被FDA即美国食品药品监督管理局认证,因此其应用范围最广,前景也是最好的。同时油酸酰胺与芥酸酰胺为常见的酰胺类爽滑剂,其成本低,易获得。
所述抗菌剂为沸石颗粒和银盐的混合物。所述抗菌剂为细孔上粘附有银离子的沸石颗粒。
又因为,本发明的母料要应用于医疗食品领域,因此在抗菌方面有极高的要求,因此需要加入适当的抗菌剂。同时,抗菌剂的选择也极为重要,抗菌剂一般都具有一定的毒性,因此,要选择一种既能够起到抗菌效果,又不会对人体造成损害的。为此,在本发明中选用无机银或无机银的混合物,进一步选择沸石颗粒和银盐的混合物,优选细孔上粘附有银离子的沸石颗粒,特别是选用洁而美客公司的DAW502无机抗菌剂,即在有氧化铝硅酸盐的三维结构的沸石等结构内,通过加入有抗菌性的银离子的抗菌剂。该抗菌剂通过日本最高安全水平的慢性毒性认证。
其生产方法为将聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯、淀粉、聚乳酸、爽滑剂、抗菌剂、合成植物酯按比例进行充分混合后,加入到双螺杆挤出机中,熔体挤出后冷却、切粒、干燥,即可得到母料。同时所述双螺杆挤出机的温度设置为180~200℃,且转速设置为110~140 r/min。
这样就可以生产可降解抗菌的薄膜母料。
具体实施方式
一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,包括下列重量份的组分构成:
聚丙烯酸酯:100~200份;
聚丙烯:150~300份;
淀粉:50~100份;
聚乳酸:20~50份;
爽滑剂:20~30份;
抗菌剂:5~15份;
合成植物酯:5~50份。
所述淀粉分子量为10000~17000。
在本发明中,基料的选择上选用聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯,通过淀粉和聚乳酸的加入,使得在聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯相互聚合在一起时,中间通过淀粉和聚乳酸相互聚合在一起。同时聚丙烯和聚丙烯酸酯的相容性较好,因此两者在共混过程中可以很到地混合在一起。同时聚丙烯酸酯上带有羧基,而淀粉和聚乳酸上带有羟基能够容易与聚丙烯酸酯相互聚合,形成一个骨架结构,从而起到基料之间的连接作用。由于淀粉和聚乳酸属于可降解材料,因此,在聚乳酸和淀粉降解够,会是的基料分子之间的连接部位发生断裂,从而破坏了整个骨架结构,因此能够起到较好的降解效果。
同时,由于淀粉一般分子量较大其降解时间较长,而聚乳酸则较容易被降解,但是在整个分子结构上由于分子量较小,其强度较差。因此,降解材料选用淀粉和聚乳酸同时使用。聚乳酸和淀粉也能够相互聚合,因此在整个降解过程中,聚乳酸首先被降解,降解后断开分子链较大的淀粉分子,使得淀粉分子分子量减少,之后淀粉再开始降解,从而提高了降解效率。同时加入一定量的抗菌剂,使得母料上具有抗菌性能。
而合成植物酯作为增塑剂加入到母料中,在塑料加工中添加,可以使其柔韧性增强,容易加工。并且,合成植物酯作为天然产物,在土壤中容易被降解,环保无污染。
爽滑剂的加入使得通过本发明母料生产出来的薄膜更加顺滑,拥有较好的手感,同时不会粘附空气重的尘埃和其他有害物质。从而使得本发明的母料,能够更好地适用于医疗卫生领域。
在爽滑剂的使用上选用酰胺类化合物,常见的爽滑剂有酰胺类、皂类、有机硅类,有机硅类是液体状,添加不方便,价格昂贵,而且目前国内基本没有专业生产厂家,难以推广应用;皂类的产品虽说价格低廉,但爽滑效果不理想,这样需要添加的量就很大,故其难以应用于中高档制品;而酰胺类的爽滑剂,价格适中,效果明显,而且其还无毒,已被FDA即美国食品药品监督管理局认证,因此其应用范围最广,前景也是最好的。同时油酸酰胺与芥酸酰胺为常见的酰胺类爽滑剂,其成本低,易获得。
所述抗菌剂为沸石颗粒和银盐的混合物。所述抗菌剂为细孔上粘附有银离子的沸石颗粒。
又因为,本发明的母料要应用于医疗食品领域,因此在抗菌方面有极高的要求,因此需要加入适当的抗菌剂。同时,抗菌剂的选择也极为重要,抗菌剂一般都具有一定的毒性,因此,要选择一种既能够起到抗菌效果,又不会对人体造成损害的。为此,在本发明中选用无机银或无机银的混合物,进一步选择沸石颗粒和银盐的混合物,优选细孔上粘附有银离子的沸石颗粒,特别是选用洁而美客公司的DAW502无机抗菌剂,即在有氧化铝硅酸盐的三维结构的沸石等结构内,通过加入有抗菌性的银离子的抗菌剂。该抗菌剂通过日本最高安全水平的慢性毒性认证。
其生产方法为将聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯、淀粉、聚乳酸、爽滑剂、抗菌剂、合成植物酯按比例进行充分混合后,加入到双螺杆挤出机中,熔体挤出后冷却、切粒、干燥,即可得到母料。同时所述双螺杆挤出机的温度设置为180~200℃,且转速设置为110~140 r/min。
这样就可以生产可降解抗菌的薄膜母料。
通过下表的制备母料并且对其进行力学测试和降解能力测试。
其中,力学能力主要测试拉伸强度。
由力学测试可以得出,通过本发明得出的母料生产出来的膜片力学强度上并没有下降,符合日常使用。
并且通过埋土法对母料的分解能力进行测定,即称量一定重量的母料,将其制成膜片,并将其埋入到土壤中,并且控制环境条件,在20℃下,相对湿度为50%,一个大气压下,进行试验。经过一段时间后将埋在土壤中的膜片取出,称量失重情况,即可的其降解能力。
通过实验数据可以得出,本发明的母料在土壤环境中有良好的可降解性能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,包括下列重量份的组分构成:
聚丙烯酸酯:100~200份;
聚丙烯:150~300份;
淀粉:50~100份;
聚乳酸:20~50份;
爽滑剂:20~30份;
抗菌剂:5~15份;
合成植物酯:5~50份;
所述爽滑剂为油酸酰胺与芥酸酰胺的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,其特征在于:所述淀粉分子量为10000~17000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为沸石颗粒和银盐的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为细孔上粘附有银离子的沸石颗粒。
5.一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料的生产方法,其特征在于:将权利要求1中所述的聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯、淀粉、聚乳酸、爽滑剂、抗菌剂、合成植物酯按比例进行充分混合后,加入到双螺杆挤出机中,熔体挤出后冷却、切粒、干燥,即可得到母料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种可降解抗菌的薄膜母料的生产方法,其特征在于:所述双螺杆挤出机的温度设置为180~200℃,且转速设置为110~140 r/min。
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