CN105670042B - 一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜 - Google Patents

一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜 Download PDF

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CN105670042B
CN105670042B CN201610130373.XA CN201610130373A CN105670042B CN 105670042 B CN105670042 B CN 105670042B CN 201610130373 A CN201610130373 A CN 201610130373A CN 105670042 B CN105670042 B CN 105670042B
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邵自强
王亚龙
罗伟
王明华
刘川渟
王飞俊
王文俊
张仁旭
赵利斌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，目的是为了提供一种具有良好阻燃性、介电常数、机械性能和环境友好性的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜。一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜包括以下重量百分比组份：蒙脱土10％～50％，还原氧化石墨烯10％～20％，余下为基体材料，所述基体材料为纳米纤维素纤维。本发明制备的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜具有优越的机械性能、热性能、阻燃性以及介电性能等特点，应用前景广阔。

Description

一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜
技术领域
本发明设计制备一种具备阻燃特性、介电性能优良的柔性功能膜材料，具体涉及一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜。
背景技术
介电材料在高储能装置、电容器等电子电器行业具有很大的应用市场及应用前景，陶瓷材料因其具有高介电性、低导电率、低成本等特点，被广泛应用于介电材料领域。但同时，陶瓷材料的加工性能差、破坏强度低以及柔韧性差的缺点则大大阻碍了它的应用和发展。因此，能改善陶瓷材料这些缺点的高分子材料如聚偏氟乙烯、聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂等，成为了该领域的研究热点。但目前高分子材料应用于介电材料领域存在以下问题：高分子材料的介电常数通常很低，难以符合使用要求；在使用过程中，高分子材料的易燃性也会大大阻碍高分子介电材料在一些特殊领域如航空航天的应用；石化材料来源有限、不可再生，会对环境产生极大的威胁，所以需要找到其替代品。
纤维素基材料由于其来源广阔、机械强度高、易分解、环境友好等性能成为石化材料优良的替代品。而其中纳米纤维素纤维(CNFs)具有极高的长径比、较高的弹性模量、较低的密度、较高的结晶度以及较小的热膨胀系数等特点(Isogai,A.,T.Saito,andH.Fukuzumi,TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers.Nanoscale,2011.3(1):p.71-85)。以纳米纤维素为基体的纳米复合材料可以随着添加剂的不同而被赋予不同的优异性能。石墨烯是一种单层的石墨材料，具有极其优异的机械性能、超高的电导率、极大的比表面积等特殊性能，极具研究价值。本课题组在前期的研究中(Gao,K.,et al.,Cellulosenanofibers/reduced graphene oxide flexible transparent conductivepaper.Carbohydrate Polymers,2013.97(1):p.243-251)利用层层自组装技术可以提升纳米纤维素薄膜的电性能。但目前通过添加石墨烯改性纤维素基的薄膜的电性能存在许多问题，如石墨烯纳米片层在纤维素基体中分散性较差，极大的影响了复合材料电性能以及机械性能，同时分散过程复杂耗时，这也大大限制了纤维素薄膜的实际生产应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好阻燃性、介电常数、机械性能和环境友好性的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：
一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜包括以下重量百分比组份：
蒙脱土 10％～50％，
还原氧化石墨烯 10％～20％，
余下为基体材料，所述基体材料为纳米纤维素纤维。
蒙脱土是一类由纳米厚度的表面带负电的硅酸盐片层，依靠层间的静电作用而堆积在一起构成的土状矿物，其晶体结构中的晶胞是由两层硅氧四面体中间夹一层铝氧八面体构成。作为常用的阻燃剂，蒙脱土经常应用于高分子的阻燃改性。还原氧化石墨烯(英文缩写RGO)
进一步优选的，所述还原氧化石墨烯的碳氧比为8:1。
进一步的，所述蒙脱土为钠基蒙脱土。
进一步优选的，所述纳米纤维素的直径为6～8nm，长度为1～2μm。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明制备的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，可以有效控制纳米复合膜的介电性能以及阻燃性能，并且本发明制备的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜还具有优异的热性能。
2.本发明制备的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜机械性能大大提高，而且纳米复合膜中各组分的分散性能也大大提高。
综上所述，本发明制备的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜具有优越的机械性能、热性能、阻燃性以及介电性能等特点，应用前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为按实施例1配方制备的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的实物图；
图2为按实施例3配方制备的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的实物图；
图3为按实施例3配方制备的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的弯曲折叠图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。所述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
表1所列的是柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的制备配方实施例，表2是对应表1柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的性能指标。
表1纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的制备配方实施例
注：表1中各百分数为占纳米纤维素的质量百分数
表1中所列的纳米柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的制备方法为：
1.取30ml纳米纤维素悬浮液，依照蒙脱土和还原氧化石墨烯的质量分数分别加入适量的蒙脱土悬浮液和还原氧化石墨烯湿料，在室温下搅拌30分钟。
2.将搅拌均匀的纳米纤维素、蒙脱土、还原氧化石墨烯悬浊液置于超声清洗机中超声，直到整个体系分散均匀。
3.将均匀分散的悬浮液置于抽滤杯中，使用孔径为0.2μm聚四氟乙烯微滤膜抽滤直至在聚四氟乙烯膜上形成均匀的薄膜。
4.将滤纸置于烘箱中70℃烘干，得到纳米复合膜。
表2柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的性能指标
实施例2中，加入蒙脱土后，相对于纯的纳米纤维素膜，热稳定性、阻燃性以及介电性能得到了很大的提高。与此同时，当加入还原氧化石墨烯时，介电性能成倍增加，并且热性能和阻燃性也有一定的提高。最后所得的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的热性能、阻燃性、介电性能极佳，具有很好的应用生产价值。
实施例中的热性能由热重热差综合热分析仪(TG-DTA 6200 LAB SYS)测得，温度为50℃至75℃，升温速率为10℃/min；最大热释放速率和总的热释放量由微型量热仪(FAA-PCFC)测得；介电性能是由阻抗分析仪(Agilent 4294A)在室温下测得，频率为102Hz至107Hz。
图1、2、3是对应表1柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜的实物照片。从图1和图2对比可以看出，在添加了蒙脱土和石墨烯后制备的膜形貌发生了巨大变化，同时也能直观看出石墨烯组分均匀分散在膜中，并未发生团聚等现象。从图3可以看出，所制备的膜的弯曲折叠性能即柔韧性非常好。
从表2中各个实施例的性能指标中可以看出，本发明所制备的柔性阻燃、介电纳米复合膜具有极好的韧性、阻燃性以及介电性，使其能够在微型化、智能化、功能化的通讯器材、航空器件与光电器件中取得应用，具有很大的现实发展意义。

Claims (4)

1.一种柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，其特征在于：包括以下重量百分比组份：
蒙脱土 10％～50％，
还原氧化石墨烯 10％～20％，
余下为基体材料，所述基体材料为纳米纤维素纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，其特征在于：所述还原氧化石墨烯的碳氧比为8:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，其特征在于：所述蒙脱土为钠基蒙脱土。
4.根据权利要求3所述的柔性抗燃高介电纳米复合膜，其特征在于：所述纳米纤维素的直径为6～8nm，长度为1～2μm。
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