CN105664988B - A kind of (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts and its application - Google Patents
A kind of (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts and its application Download PDFInfo
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts and its application, belong to field of photocatalytic material.The present invention uses bamboo fibre to prepare carbon fiber for carbon source, and utilizes hydro-thermal method uniform load (BiO) on carbon fiber2CO3, the material is with excellent photocatalysis performance, the organic pollution in the sewage that especially can efficiently degrade under xenon lamp irradiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite photo-catalysts applied in terms of sewage photocatalytic degradation, and in particular to a kind of
(BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts and its application in terms of crystal violet drops in photocatalysis.
Background technology
With the research that people deepen continuously to photocatalysis oxidation technique, photocatalysis is wide as a kind of novel technology
General to be applied in environmental quality, especially with the continuous development of human society, the organic matter in industrial wastewater aggravates, and
Waste water from dyestuff is the important sources of these pollutants, seriously threatens water resource for the survival of mankind.In recent years, with photocatalysis
It is oxidized to typical advanced oxidation and is increasingly becoming important technology for treating industrial waste water, by more and more entrepreneurs and research
The favor of personnel.
Photochemical catalyst uses predominantly stationary state and free state two ways during photocatalytic degradation.It is so-called
Free state to be exactly the utilization of catalyst in the reaction system be in the form of unsupported, be uniformly suspended in system.This
It is theoretical due to can adequately be contacted almost without resistance to mass tranfer, organic pollution and photocatalyst granular under kind form
Its upper catalytic degradation efficiency is relatively high.But during the reaction because of photochemical catalyst, loss of activity is bigger, and disperses
Photochemical catalyst removal process in solution is comparatively laborious, while the solvent in suspension can be to the penetrability of light and otherization
Influence of the component to the absorption of light is learned, photocatalytic activity can be caused to weaken with the increase of solution concentration.In addition, suspended substance
Photocatalyst granular in system is relatively fine, is not easy to disperse, this causes the photochemical catalyst in suspension in treatment of dyeing wastewater
It is difficult to utilize extensively.Stationary state is that photochemical catalyst is fixed on suitable carrier by method appropriate, therefore photochemical catalyst
It will be come in the form of load to pollutant through row photocatalytic degradation.In recent years studies have shown that loaded photocatalyst energy
It is enough to solve the problems, such as that free state photochemical catalyst exists in use well, and then its photocatalysis efficiency can be improved.Mesh
There are many carrier that preceding people attempt, such as the active carclazyte of porous carrier, aluminium oxide and activated carbon；Non-porous supports are aerobic
Change zinc, asbestos and glass fibre etc.；The specific surface areas such as diatomite, quartz and silicon carbide smaller substance and TiO2With ZnO etc.
Semiconductor type carrier.Skeleton of the carrier as active component plays a part of divided active component and can enhance catalyst strength.
Bismuth belongs to P p-block element ps, atomic number 83.Bismuth series photocatalyst is in conductor photocatalysis material because its is unique
Electronic structure, excellent visible light absorption capacity and higher photocatalysis performance and the generally pass for receiving domestic and international researcher
Note.The bismuth in China is resourceful, this lays a good foundation for the research of bismuth series photocatalyst.The Novel bismuth system light reported in recent years is urged
Changing material has：Bi2WO6, Bi2MoO6, BiVO4, BiNbO4, BiFeO3, BiOX, Bi2Ti2O7(BiO)2CO3.In part bismuth system light
In the forbidden band structure of catalysis material, Bi6s and Bi6p tracks can participate in valence band and the composition of conduction band respectively, and modern age width is caused to become
It is narrow, visible region is expanded to from ultra-violet (UV) band to the range of light absorption, the hydridization of Bi 6s and O2p tracks can make such photocatalysis
The valence band of material is more disperseed, this is beneficial to movement of the photohole on valence band, so can reduce photohole and
Light induced electron it is compound, this be also bismuth system catalysis material have good visible light catalysis activity the reason of one of.Studies have shown that
Bismuth system catalysis material pattern and structure are all relatively abundant, these specific patterns and structure have apparent promote to photocatalytic activity
Into effect.
(BiO)2CO3It was reported for the first time in 1984, is mainly used for an electrode and medicine etc. at that time, until 2002
Year, (BiO)2CO3Crystal structure be just determined.(BiO)2CO3Belong to Imm2 space groups, is orthorhombic crystal structure, cell parameter
For a=3.865, b=3.865, c=13.675.Its crystal structure is by [Bi2O2]2+[CO3]2-It alternately forms, and (CO3) base
Group and Bi-O institutes structure the two where plane layer it is orthogonal, this internal structure may induced crystal along specific axis
To growth and shaping at anisotropic laminated structure.In recent years, (BiO)2CO3As a kind of novel catalysis material, by more
Carry out more concerns.(BiO)2CO3Energy gap be about 3.38 eV, ultraviolet light can only be received, cannot by excited by visible light, text
It offers (BiO) of report2CO3It is general non-modified.Currently, for (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photocatalysts are there is not yet related report
Road.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts and its application.It uses with bamboo fibre
For carbon source carbon fiber as carrier, synthesized (BiO) using simple and practicable hydro-thermal method2CO3/ C composite.By carbon fiber
Absorption property and (BiO)2CO3Photocatalysis performance be combined, obtain to the effective catalytic degradation of organic pollution.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts, which is characterized in that it is prepared by following methods：
（1）Bamboo fibre pre-processes：Bamboo fibre is cut into the segment of 2 cm long, is placed in 100 DEG C of boiling water and boils 30 min, boil
Bamboo fibre is subjected to drying and processing afterwards, drying temperature is 80 DEG C, and soaking time is 6 h；
（2）The charing of bamboo fibre and Bi2O3Load：By step（1）The bamboo fibre of processing is immersed in bismuth nitrate solution, after
Sufficient bamboo fibre taking-up will be impregnated to extract, be put into Muffle furnace and calcine after drying, obtain carbon fiber loaded bismuth oxide Bi2O3/C；
（3）(BiO)2CO3The synthesis of/C：Take 500mg steps（2）Bi obtained2O3/ C is added to 100 mL sodium carbonate liquors
In, 20 min of magnetic agitation, after mixture be put into reaction kettle react, product after reaction is washed through distilled water, ethyl alcohol
It is dried after washing, you can obtain (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts.
The step（2）A concentration of 0.1 mol/L of middle bismuth nitrate solution.
The step（2）The mass ratio of bamboo fibre and bismuth nitrate is 1 when middle bamboo fibre impregnates：15, dip time is 4 h.
The step（2）Middle Muffle furnace calcination temperature is 500 DEG C, time 1h.
The step（3）A concentration of 0.5 mol/L of middle sodium carbonate liquor.
The step（3）Reaction temperature in middle reaction kettle is 100 ~ 190 DEG C, and the reaction time is 24 h.
The step（3）Middle drying temperature is 80 DEG C, and drying time is 8 h.
Above-mentioned (BiO)2CO3The application of/C composite photo-catalysts, which is characterized in that can be used for catalytic degradation processing methyl
Purple, after 500 W xenon long-arc lamps irradiate 100 min, the degradation rate of crystal violet is up to 90%.
The present invention is prepared (BiO) after being carbonized using bamboo fibre as carbon fibre carrier2CO3/ C photochemical catalysts.Bamboo fibre is
A kind of fibrous material being extracted from bamboo, China's bamboo resource very abundant account for about the 1/3 of world's bamboo resource, abundant bamboo
Resource provides abundant raw material for research.In addition, bamboo fibre has good hydrophily, its gap is more flourishing and specific surface
Product is big, and internal there are many netted apertures, these apertures are interconnected, and all lead to the surface of carrier, are being impregnated
In the process, solution is easy to be immersed in the inside of bamboo fibre, and the load of this catalyst provides good condition；Meanwhile bamboo is fine
The capillary effect of dimension is strong, longitudinal surface is relatively rough and there are many shallower grooves, therefore has good hygroscopicity
And permeability, these features are all photochemical catalyst (BiO)2CO3Growth in the above provides advantage.
Traditional powdered photochemical catalyst is not used in its recycling, and organic contamination is only transferred to solid by adsorbent from liquid phase
Xiang Shang, the catalyst being supported on above carbon fiber are more conducive to recycling and secondary use compared to powdered catalyst, and can be comprehensive
The degradation capability for closing the absorption and catalyst using fiber more meets the theory of environmental protection.Bamboo fibre is carbonized in the present invention on the one hand
As (BiO)2CO3Carrier, on the other hand, C can enter (BiO)2CO3Lattice realizes doping effect, can receive visible
Light excites and photocatalysis occurs.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is the carbon fiber of carbon source as carrier to use using bamboo fibre, using simple and practicable
Hydro-thermal method has synthesized (BiO)2CO3/ C composite.By the absorption property of carbon fiber and (BiO)2CO3Photocatalysis performance mutually tie
It closes, obtains to the effective catalytic degradation of organic pollution.Meanwhile carbon fiber carrier is to (BiO)2CO3Good dispersion is played to make
With, effectively prevent powder, granular catalyst recycling difficult problem, convenient for preferably recycling and secondary use, more meet ring
The theory of guarantor.
Description of the drawings
A is different photochemical catalysts degradation time and C/C when under xenon lamp irradiates to degradation crystal violet in Fig. 10Relationship it is bent
Line；When b is that embodiment 3 reuses, degradation time and C/C0Between correlation curve.
A is the Bi prepared by step 2 in Fig. 22O3The XRD of/C；B is in Bi2O3On the basis of/C, embodiment 1,2,3 is made
The XRD spectra of standby sample.
Fig. 3 is the SEM photograph and EDS spectrograms (b-f) that this bamboo fibre (a) and embodiment 3 synthesize sample.
Fig. 4 is the N that embodiment 3 synthesizes sample in invention2Adsorption/desorption curve (a) and pore size distribution curve (b).
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiments, the forgoing and additional technical features and advantages are described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
Bamboo fibre is cut into the segment of 2 cm long, bamboo fibre, which is placed in 100 DEG C of boiling water, boils 30 min, the purpose boiled
It is cleaning bamboo fibre surface, it is made not to be adhered in subsequent high temperature carbonisation.It boils rear bamboo fibre and carries out drying and processing, drying
Temperature is 80 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 h.By treated, bamboo fibre is immersed in 0.1 mol/L bismuth nitrate solutions, bamboo fibre and nitric acid
The mass ratio of bismuth is 1：15, dip time is 4 h, after will impregnate the taking-up of sufficient bamboo fibre and extract, Muffle furnace is put into after drying
Middle calcining, calcination temperature are 500 DEG C, calcine 1 h, obtain carbon fiber loaded bismuth oxide（Bi2O3/C）.By 500 mg Bi2O3/C
Mixed with the sodium carbonate liquor of 100 mL, 0.5 mol/L, 20 min of magnetic agitation, after mixture is put into reaction kettle, instead
It is 100 DEG C to answer temperature, and the reaction time is 24 h.Obtained product is dried after distilled water, ethyl alcohol washing in 80 DEG C, you can
It obtains (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 2
Bamboo fibre is cut into the segment of 2 cm long, bamboo fibre, which is placed in 100 DEG C of boiling water, boils 30 min, the purpose boiled
It is cleaning bamboo fibre surface, it is made not to be adhered in subsequent high temperature carbonisation.It boils rear bamboo fibre and carries out drying and processing, drying
Temperature is 80 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 h.By treated, bamboo fibre is immersed in 0.1 mol/L bismuth nitrate solutions, bamboo fibre and nitric acid
The mass ratio of bismuth is 1：15, dip time is 4 h, after will impregnate the taking-up of sufficient bamboo fibre and extract, Muffle furnace is put into after drying
Middle calcining, calcination temperature are 500 DEG C, calcine 1 h, obtain carbon fiber loaded bismuth oxide（Bi2O3/C）.By 500 mg Bi2O3/C
Mixed with the sodium carbonate liquor of 100 mL, 0.5 mol/L, 20 min of magnetic agitation, after mixture is put into reaction kettle, instead
It is 150 DEG C to answer temperature, and the reaction time is 24 h.Obtained product is after distilled water, ethyl alcohol washing, in drying, you can obtain
(BiO)2CO3/ C composite photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 3
Bamboo fibre is cut into the segment of 2 cm long, bamboo fibre, which is placed in 100 DEG C of boiling water, boils 30 min, the purpose boiled
It is cleaning bamboo fibre surface, it is made not to be adhered in subsequent high temperature carbonisation.It boils rear bamboo fibre and carries out drying and processing, drying
Temperature is 80 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 h.By treated, bamboo fibre is immersed in 0.1 mol/L bismuth nitrate solutions, bamboo fibre and nitric acid
The mass ratio of bismuth is 1：15, dip time is 4 h, after will impregnate the taking-up of sufficient bamboo fibre and extract, Muffle furnace is put into after drying
Middle calcining, calcination temperature are 500 DEG C, calcine 1 h, obtain carbon fiber loaded bismuth oxide（Bi2O3/C）.By 500 mg Bi2O3/C
Mixed with the sodium carbonate liquor of 100 mL, 0.5 mol/L, 20 min of magnetic agitation, after mixture is put into reaction kettle, instead
It is 190 DEG C to answer temperature, and the reaction time is 24 h.Obtained product is after distilled water, ethyl alcohol washing, in drying, you can obtain
(BiO)2CO3/ C composite photochemical catalyst.
Test case
Compound concentration is the simulation waste water containing crystal violet of 10 mg/L.(BiO) for taking 0.1 g to prepare2CO3/ C photochemical catalysts are put
Enter the crystal violet solution of 80 mL 10mg/L, first static 30 min of camera bellows, then in xenon lamp（500W）Lower irradiation, at interval of 10
Turn off xenon lamp after min, takes out static 10 min of beaker, upper solution is taken to survey its absorbance.It is using correlation formula, crystal violet is molten
The absorbance of liquid is converted into its concentration, changes assessment photocatalysis performance by concentration.After the completion of catalysis degeneration experiment, by catalyst
6 h are dried in 80 DEG C after washing, carry out recycling experiment, experiment condition is the same.Photocatalytic degradation crystal violet the result is shown in Figure 1
A and Fig. 1 b.As seen from Figure 1, in 100 min, 1 catalyst of embodiment is 64.0% to the degradation rate of crystal violet, and embodiment 2 is urged
Agent is 85.6% to crystal violet degradation rate, and 3 catalyst of embodiment is 90% to crystal violet degradation rate.This shows hydrothermal synthesis temperature
Degree is higher, and the photochemical catalyst catalytic effect of preparation is best.Fig. 1 b are influence of the access times to catalyst photocatalysis performance, with
The increase of catalyst access times is gradually reduced the degradation rate of crystal violet, this is because the carbon fiber as carrier has
Certain absorption property in reaction process, crystal violet or decomposes issuable by-product and can be attached to catalyst by absorbing carbon fiber
Surface, cause the active sites of catalyst to reduce, so as to cause the reduction of catalyst catalytic performance, and then cause under degradation rate
Drop.Although when being used for multiple times, the degradation rate of catalyst is reducing in experiment, in 3 catalyst of embodiment in third time use pair
The degradation rate of crystal violet remains to reach 86%, so as to illustrate that it has preferably repeatable usability.
The present invention also has detected the Bi prepared by step 22O3/ C and in Bi2O3On the basis of/C, prepared by embodiment 1,2,3
The XRD spectra of sample.The results are shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 a are the Bi prepared by step 22O3The XRD of/C.Sample is can be seen that from Fig. 2 a
Product are in 2 θ=16.20、33.80、54.30、55.50、57.80There is apparent characteristic diffraction peak in place.By the feature of synthetic sample
The position of diffraction maximum and the comparison of JCDPDS standard cards, find the object phase and Bi of synthesized sample2O3Standard card it is corresponding, by
This can prove that this step synthesizes Bi2O3/C.The diffraction maximum that carbon is had no in XRD shows that the carbon in sample is amorphous state.Figure
2b is the XRD spectra that embodiment 1,2,3 synthesizes sample.As seen from the figure, under three temperature conditions, (BiO)2CO3Each spy of sample
Levy position and the JCPDS No.41-1488 (BiO) of diffraction maximum2CO3Standard colorimetric card coincide.It is synthesized at 100 DEG C
(BiO)2CO3Sample（Embodiment 1）Crystal grain it is all smaller, with the raising of synthesis temperature, (BiO)2CO3XRD characteristic diffraction peaks
Intensity enhancing, and peak width narrows, and illustrates (BiO)2CO3Crystallization degree it is higher and higher, crystallinity is constantly intact, crystal grain
Slowly become larger.When synthesis temperature is 190 DEG C（Embodiment 3）, diffraction maximum is the most sharp, and crystal grain maximum and crystalline phase at this time are most
It is good.In addition, removing (BiO)2CO3Outside, there is a small amount of Bi in the sample prepared by embodiment 1,2,32O3.In Fig. 2 b XRD spectras
Also the diffraction maximum for having no carbon shows that carbon exists in the form of amorphous state.
In addition, the present invention has carried out morphology characterization to sample prepared by bamboo fibre and embodiment 3.Fig. 3 a are the macro of bamboo fibre
Take piece into consideration, it is seen that bamboo fibre is white fibrous.Fig. 3 b ~ f are SEM the and EDS spectrograms of sample prepared by embodiment 3.It can see
Go out, the bamboo fibre after carbonization has still been effectively maintained the fiber morphology of its own, a diameter of 50 m of carbon fiber or so.Load
(BiO) on carbon fiber2CO3It is sheet, size is 3 m or so, (BiO)2CO3Distribution on carbon fiber is relatively uniform.
It is respectively the EDS results for scheming 1,2 two point in d to scheme e, f, it is seen that 1 white plates substance mainly contains Bi, C, O, is tied in conjunction with XRD
Fruit, it is known that the substance is (BiO)2CO3, 2 regions mainly contain C and O, are mainly contained after further demonstrating bamboo fibre carbonization
Carbon and oxygen.
The present invention also characterizes the pore structure of material synthesized by embodiment 3.Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are respectively embodiment 3
The adsorption-desorption isothermal and pore size distribution curve of synthesized sample.(BiO)2CO3The specific surface of/C composite, pore volume,
The data such as aperture are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Parameter | SBET (m2/g) | VToal(cm3/g) | D (nm) |
| 1900C | 221.815 | 0.302 | 1.253 |
As seen from the figure, classified according to IUPAC, (BiO)2CO3The N of/C composite2Adsorption-desorption curve is typical IV
Curve, and there are apparent hysteresis loops in curve, this illustrates to exist in catalyst a large amount of mesoporous.By table 1 as it can be seen that the ratio of the material
Surface area is 221.8m20.302 cm of/g, Kong Rongwei3/ g, average pore size are 1.253 nm.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. (BiO)2CO3/ C composite photo-catalysts, which is characterized in that it is prepared by following methods：（1）Bamboo fibre pre-processes：Bamboo fibre is cut into the segment of 2 cm long, is placed in 100 DEG C of boiling water and boils 30 min, it will after boiling Bamboo fibre carries out drying and processing, and drying temperature is 80 DEG C, and soaking time is 6 h；（2）The charing of bamboo fibre and Bi2O3Load：By step（1）The bamboo fibre of processing is immersed in bismuth nitrate solution, after will leaching The sufficient bamboo fibre taking-up of stain is extracted, and is put into Muffle furnace and is calcined after drying, obtains carbon fiber loaded bismuth oxide Bi2O3/C；（3）(BiO)2CO3The synthesis of/C：Take 500mg steps（2）Bi obtained2O3/ C is added in 100 mL sodium carbonate liquors, magnetic Power stirs 20 min, after mixture be put into reaction kettle react, the reaction temperature in reaction kettle is 100 ~ 190 DEG C, reaction Time is 24 h；Product after reaction is dried after distilled water, ethyl alcohol washing, you can is obtained (BiO)2CO3/ C complex lights are urged Agent.
- 2. composite photo-catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）Middle bismuth nitrate solution it is dense Degree is 0.1 mol/L.
- 3. composite photo-catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）Bamboo when middle bamboo fibre impregnates The mass ratio of fiber and bismuth nitrate is 1：15, dip time is 4 h.
- 4. composite photo-catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（2）Middle Muffle furnace calcination temperature It is 500 DEG C, time 1h.
- 5. composite photo-catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（3）Middle sodium carbonate liquor it is dense Degree is 0.5 mol/L.
- 6. composite photo-catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step（3）Middle drying temperature is 80 DEG C, drying time is 8 h.
- (BiO) 7. described in a kind of any one of claim 1-62CO3The application of/C composite photo-catalysts, which is characterized in that can Crystal violet is handled for catalytic degradation.
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| CN107570214B (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-04-17 | 湖北工业大学 | Preparation method of paper-based bismuth ferrite composite material with multiphase adsorption catalysis function |
| CN111151278B (en) * | 2020-01-18 | 2022-07-26 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of carbon dot composite bismuthyl carbonate visible-light-driven photocatalyst |
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| US6350714B1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2002-02-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for preparing a catalyst and catalysts prepared accordingly |
| CN1702202A (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2005-11-30 | 中山大学 | Active carbon fiber containing nano titanium dioxide particles and its preparation method and uses |
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