CN105664708B - A kind of carbon-dioxide absorbent, its preparation method and its application process - Google Patents

A kind of carbon-dioxide absorbent, its preparation method and its application process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105664708B
CN105664708B CN201610069812.0A CN201610069812A CN105664708B CN 105664708 B CN105664708 B CN 105664708B CN 201610069812 A CN201610069812 A CN 201610069812A CN 105664708 B CN105664708 B CN 105664708B
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carbon
absorbent
magnesium
dioxide absorbent
dioxide
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CN105664708A (en
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杨新芳
赵丽凤
刘洋
肖云汉
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81Solid phase processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/002Removal of contaminants
    • C10K1/003Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
    • C10K1/005Carbon dioxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/20Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by treating with solids; Regenerating spent purifying masses
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/20Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by treating with solids; Regenerating spent purifying masses
    • C10K1/26Regeneration of the purifying material contains also apparatus for the regeneration of the purifying material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/30Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/30Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/306Alkali metal compounds of potassium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/40Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/12Methods and means for introducing reactants
    • B01D2259/128Solid reactants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

A kind of preparation method of carbon-dioxide absorbent, including:Alkali nitrates are mixed with magnesium-based presoma by certain mass ratio;Processing is dried to the mixed liquor that previous step obtains, calcining and activating processing is then carried out at 375 450 DEG C to get required carbon-dioxide absorbent.And a kind of carbon-dioxide absorbent and its application process being prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.The raw material magnesium-based substance that absorbent is prepared in the present invention derives from a wealth of sources, absorbent preparation method simple possible, and absorbent absorption and regeneration temperature advantageously reduces the regeneration energy consumption of absorbent at 400 DEG C or so;The application process of the present invention helps to improve the absorbing reaction rate of absorbent, to enhancing magnesium-based CO2The engineering adaptability of absorbent is of great significance.

Description

A kind of carbon-dioxide absorbent, its preparation method and its application process
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medium temperature dry method carbon trapping techniques, relate more specifically to a kind of utilization alkali nitrates and are modified What magnesium-based substance was prepared can carry out CO under the conditions of medium temperature coal gas2It absorbs and regenerated carbon-dioxide absorbent, its preparation Method and its application method.
Background technology
With a large amount of greenhouse gases CO during fossil energy utilization2Discharge.With economic growth and people couple The raising of energy demand, pressure of the China in terms of reduction of greenhouse gas discharge are increasing.Therefore, the effective CO of exploiting economy2It catches It is extremely urgent to obtain isolation technics.Integral gasification combined circulation technology (IGCC) is by coal gasification and efficient combined cycle Be combined, can efficiency power generation again have the good feature of environmental protection.In IGCC system technique, carried out based on water-gas shift technique high Press CO in coal gas2Capture, CO can not only be reduced2Cost is captured, and H in coal gas can be improved2Content obtains cleaning coal gas.Cause This, carbon trapping technique is a kind of more potential CO before burning2Isolation technics, and the key of carbon trapping technique is out before burning Send the CO that cost is controllable and absorbent properties are good2Solid absorbent.
The research of carbon-dioxide absorbent at present is primarily with regard to high temperature calcium substratess matter and medium temperature magnesium-based object Quality Research.Calcium Substratess matter is because regeneration temperature height be easy to cause high temperature sintering, and regeneration energy consumption is high so that its engineering application is subject to certain restrictions.Magnesium The absorption of substratess matter and regeneration temperature concentrate on 300~500 DEG C, regeneration energy consumption is low and absorption and regeneration cyclic process in absorbent Absorbent properties are stablized.
It is existing studies have reported that utilize calcium and magnesium of the alkali metal calcium and magnesium nitrate with sodium carbonate as obtained by prepared by coprecipitation Double salt CO2Absorbent and utilization alkali nitrates modification dolomite and lime stone mineral prepare gained calcium and magnesium double salt CO2It inhales Receive agent, although there are the problem of be absorbent absorbent properties stablize, absorbent CO2Absorbability is not high, only 0.20g CO2/g Absorbent or so.Based on this, existing research, which also reports, utilizes NaNO3Or KNO3Directly modified MgO prepares magnesium-based CO2Absorbent, The first absorbability of absorbent can reach 0.6g CO at this time2/ g absorbents or so, but it is absorbed during initial cycle Performance can decline, its absorbability declines nearly 50% when being recycled to the 8th time, drops to 0.3g CO2/ g absorbents or so are rear steady It is fixed, and the absorbing reaction rate of the absorbent is very slow.Slower absorbing reaction rate is also to restrict the absorbent engineering application It is crucial.
For existing magnesium-based CO2How the present Research of absorbent stablizes magnesium-based CO2The absorbability of absorbent and raising The absorbing reaction rate of absorbent is the key that magnesium-based absorbent realizes that scale is used.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of carbon-dioxide absorbent, its preparation method and its application sides Method.
To achieve these goals, as one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of carbon-dioxide absorbents Preparation method, comprise the following steps:
Step S1:Alkali nitrates are mixed with magnesium-based presoma by certain mass ratio;
Step S2:The mixture obtained in step S1 is subjected to calcining and activating processing to get required at 375-450 DEG C Carbon-dioxide absorbent.
Preferably, alkali nitrates described in step S1 are NaNO3Or KNO3;And
Magnesium-based presoma described in step S1 is MgCO3、Mg(OH)2, magnesium acetate or MgO.
Preferably, certain mass ratio described in step S1 is alkali nitrates: magnesium-based presoma=0.1-0.5: 1.
Preferably, hybrid mode described in step S1 is mixed for dry method mechanical or wet-mixing;It is mixed into when described During wet-mixing, before obtained mixture is carried out calcining and activating processing step at 375-450 DEG C in step s 2, also wrap Include the withering step of liquid mixture to being obtained in step S1.
Preferably, carry out alkali nitrates and magnesium-based presoma in step S1 is wet-mixing, it is specific to walk Suddenly include:
Step S11:Alkali nitrates and magnesium-based presoma needed for precise;
Step S12:The alkali nitrates are fully dissolved in aqueous solution;
Step S13:The magnesium-based presoma is added after the alkali nitrates fully dissolve and is sufficiently stirred It is sufficiently mixed it.
As another aspect of the present invention, it is prepared the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method as described above Carbon-dioxide absorbent.
As another aspect of the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of answering for carbon-dioxide absorbent as described above With method, which is characterized in that if when by the carbon-dioxide absorbent under the conditions of pressing gas in use, the titanium dioxide The absorbing reaction temperature of absorbent carbon then controls the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to be more than 1 atmospheric pressure between 330-375 DEG C;If The absorbing reaction temperature of the carbon-dioxide absorbent then controls the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to be more than 2 greatly between 375-400 DEG C Air pressure.
As another aspect of the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of answering for carbon-dioxide absorbent as described above With method, which is characterized in that under certain carbon dioxide partial pressure conditions, the dioxy is carried out by the way of step temperature rising is segmented Change the absorbing reaction of absorbent carbon.
Preferably, the method for the segmentation step temperature rising comprises the following steps:First carried out at a temperature of less than 330 DEG C The carbonation reaction of a period of time, then a certain temperature carries out carbonation reaction between being warming up to 330~400 DEG C.
As the still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of answering for carbon-dioxide absorbent as described above With method, which is characterized in that the magnesium-based carbonate as obtained by controlling the carbonation reaction of the carbon-dioxide absorbent is regenerating Conversion ratio in decomposable process is to improve the reaction rate of carbon-dioxide absorbent absorbing reaction next time.
It is understood based on above-mentioned technical proposal, carbon-dioxide absorbent of the invention and preparation method thereof has following beneficial to effect Fruit:
(1) the raw material magnesium-based substance that absorbent is prepared in the present invention derives from a wealth of sources, absorbent preparation method simple possible, And absorbent absorption and regeneration temperature advantageously reduces the regeneration energy consumption of absorbent at 400 DEG C or so;
(2) application process of absorbent helps to improve the absorbing reaction rate of absorbent in the present invention, this is to enhancing magnesium Base CO2The engineering adaptability of absorbent is of great significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the 0.50Na-MgCO of the present invention3Sample is in CO obtained by 450 DEG C of activation2Absorbent is under the conditions of temperature programming CO2Absorption curve;
Fig. 2 is carbon-dioxide absorbent example weight curve change based on MgO absorbents in cyclic process of the present invention Change figure.
Specific embodiment
Understand to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention discloses a kind of alkali nitrates (NaNO3Or KNO3) it is modified magnesium-based substance (MgCO3、Mg(OH)2, vinegar Sour magnesium or MgO etc. can also use the mineral resources of such as the natural substance containing magnesium-based of magnesite) preparation magnesium-based carbon dioxide absorption Agent, its preparation method and methods for using them.
Absorbent preparation method is as follows:
By NaNO3With magnesium-based presoma by certain mass than carrying out wet-mixing, operating procedure is as follows:
1) the magnesium-based presoma of certain mass is taken, and by certain mass ratio (NaNO3: magnesium-based presoma=(0.1-0.5): 1) NaNO of certain mass is weighed3
2) by NaNO3Magnesium-based presoma is fully introduced into NaNO again after dissolving in aqueous solution3It is sufficiently stirred in solution mixed It closes.
3) processing mixed liquor is dried, then 375-450 DEG C to the absorbent carry out calcining and activating processing to get To NaNO3Modified MgO bases CO2Absorbent.
The ameliorative way that its reaction rate is helped to improve in absorbent application process is as follows:
(1) absorbent uses under the conditions of pressing gas, if absorbing reaction temperature at 330-375 DEG C, CO2Partial pressure most It is more than 1 atmospheric pressure well;If temperature is absorbed at 375-400 DEG C, CO2More preferably greater than 2 atmospheric pressure, absorbent is only possible to partial pressure Realize more quickly reaction.
(2) in certain C O2Under partial pressure conditions, in order to accelerate the reaction rate of absorbent, then segmentation step temperature rising can be used Mode carry out magnesium-based CO2The absorbing reaction of absorbent.So-called step temperature rising is exactly first to be passed through under the lower temperature less than 330 DEG C The carbonation reaction of a period of time is gone through, then is warming up under 330~400 DEG C of a certain high temperature and carries out carbonation reaction.
(3) also can as obtained by controlling carbonation reaction conversion ratio of the magnesium-based carbonate in decomposable process is regenerated to improve The reaction rate of absorbent absorbing reaction next time.
NaNO in the present invention3The two, which is also allowed for, with the method for making sample of magnesium-based presoma progress wet-mixing passes through dry-type mechanical Method is sufficiently mixed to replace.
The present invention can be at 300-450 DEG C using the carbon-dioxide absorbent that alkali nitrates modification magnesium-based presoma obtains Carry out CO2It absorbs and regenerates.
Following embodiment is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Shown in following steps, NaNO is utilized3Modified MgCO3A kind of magnesium-based carbon-dioxide absorbent is prepared, examines the suction Agent is received in normal pressure, 100%CO2Under by way of step temperature rising in 350 DEG C of progress CO of 300 DEG C of low temperature and high temperature2Absorbing reaction Situation.
1) MgCO of certain mass is taken3, and NaNO in mass ratio3∶MgCO3Weigh the NaNO of certain mass at=0.5: 13
2) by NaNO3In aqueous solution again by MgCO fully after dissolving3Introduce NaNO3It is thoroughly mixed in solution;
3) processing is dried to mixed liquor and obtains magnesium-based sample 0.5Na-MgCO3, then 450 DEG C to the absorbent into To get to NaNO when row calcining and activating processing 2 is small3Modified MgO bases CO2Absorbent.
For gained MgO bases CO2Absorbent carries out magnesium-based CO by the way of step temperature rising is segmented at 300 DEG C and 350 DEG C2 The absorbing reaction of absorbent allows absorbent first in 300 DEG C of progress CO of low temperature2Absorption, be then warming up to higher temperature again 350 DEG C of progress CO of section2Absorption, the results are shown in Figure 1.Have two carbonation reaction curves in Fig. 1, wherein curve (1) be from Room temperature to being connected with CO during 300 DEG C always2Carbonation reaction is carried out, curve (2) is only to start to introduce CO at 350 DEG C2 Carry out carbonation reaction.It is divided into A, B, C three phases in Fig. 1:A, 300 DEG C of temperature rise period is risen to from room temperature;B, constant temperature is 300 DEG C and rise to 350 DEG C of temperature rise period;C, 350 DEG C of constant temperature stage.As shown in Figure 1, sample is slower in 300 DEG C of reactions, but Carbonation reaction during this is most important in the reaction of 350 DEG C of high temperature to absorbent.So the mode of step temperature rising has Help the carbonation reaction of absorbent.
Embodiment 2
Shown in following steps, NaNO is utilized3Modified MgCO3A kind of magnesium-based carbon-dioxide absorbent is prepared, examines the suction Agent is received in normal pressure, 100%CO2Conversion ratio of the magnesium-based carbonate in decomposable process is regenerated as obtained by controlling carbonation reaction down To improve situation of the absorbent in the reaction rate of absorbing reaction next time.
1) MgCO of certain mass is taken3, and NaNO in mass ratio3∶MgCO3Weigh the NaNO of certain mass at=0.5: 13
2) by NaNO3In aqueous solution again by MgCO fully after dissolving3Introduce NaNO3It is thoroughly mixed in solution;
3) processing is dried to mixed liquor and obtains magnesium-based sample 0.5Na-MgCO3, then 450 DEG C to the absorbent into To get to NaNO when row calcining and activating processing 2 is small3Modified MgO bases CO2Absorbent.
For gained MgO bases CO2Absorbent, magnesium-based carbonate is in regeneration decomposable process as obtained by controlling carbonation reaction Conversion ratio, to ensure absorbing reaction rate of the absorbent in absorbing reaction next time, the results are shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 is Xun Huan The weight distribution curve variation diagram of the absorbent sample in the process, wherein heating rate of temperature fall is 5 DEG C/min, be divided into Fig. 2 (1)- (5) five programs, wherein (1) carries out the absorbing reaction of 10min for sample after 375 DEG C of calcining at constant temperature regenerate 5min;(2) it is sample Product carry out the absorbing reaction of 10min after 375 DEG C of calcining at constant temperature regenerate 10min;(3) regenerated for sample in 375 DEG C of calcining at constant temperature The absorbing reaction of 10min is carried out after 15min;(4) absorption of 10min is carried out after 375 DEG C of calcining at constant temperature regenerate 25min for sample Reaction;(5) absorbing reaction of 10min is carried out after 375 DEG C of calcining at constant temperature regenerate 50min for sample.
As shown in Figure 2, upon calcination between rise to 50min, when sample calcining and decomposing is very abundant, the absorbability of sample is anti- And it is good when calcination time is few not as good as before, and absorbing reaction rate is greatly reduced.So decomposed by controlling sample part Mode is also a kind of method for being effectively improved absorbent absorbent properties.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect further in detail Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the protection of the present invention Within the scope of.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent, which is characterized in that when by carbon-dioxide absorbent in pressing gas item If in use, the absorbing reaction temperature of the carbon-dioxide absorbent controls carbon dioxide between 330-375 DEG C under part Partial pressure be more than 1 atmospheric pressure;If the absorbing reaction temperature of the carbon-dioxide absorbent is controlled between 375-400 DEG C The partial pressure of carbon dioxide processed is more than 2 atmospheric pressure;
Under certain carbon dioxide partial pressure conditions, the suction of the carbon-dioxide absorbent is carried out by the way of step temperature rising is segmented Receive reaction;
The method of the segmentation step temperature rising comprises the following steps:The carbon of a period of time is first carried out at a temperature of less than 330 DEG C Acidification reaction, then a certain temperature carries out carbonation reaction between being warming up to 330~400 DEG C;
Wherein, the carbon-dioxide absorbent is prepared by following steps:
Step S1:Alkali nitrates are mixed with magnesium-based presoma by certain mass ratio;
Step S2:The mixture obtained in step S1 is subjected to calcining and activating processing to get required dioxy at 375-450 DEG C Change absorbent carbon.
2. a kind of application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by controlling described two Conversion ratio of the magnesium-based carbonate in decomposable process is regenerated obtained by the carbonation reaction of absorbent carbon is aoxidized to improve the dioxy Change the reaction rate of absorbent carbon absorbing reaction next time.
3. a kind of application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Alkali nitrates described in step S1 are NaNO3Or KNO3;And
Magnesium-based presoma described in step S1 is MgCO3、Mg(OH)2Or magnesium acetate.
A kind of 4. application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute in wherein step S1 Certain mass ratio is stated as alkali nitrates:Magnesium-based presoma=0.1-0.5:1.
A kind of 5. application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute in wherein step S1 Hybrid mode is stated as dry method mechanical mixing or wet-mixing;When it is described be mixed into wet-mixing when, will obtain in step s 2 Mixture carry out calcining and activating processing step at 375-450 DEG C before, further include and the liquid that is obtained in step S1 mixed The withering step of object.
6. a kind of application process of carbon-dioxide absorbent as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that will in wherein step S1 Alkali nitrates and the progress of magnesium-based presoma are wet-mixings, and specific steps include:
Step S11:Alkali nitrates and magnesium-based presoma needed for precise;
Step S12:The alkali nitrates are fully dissolved in aqueous solution;
Step S13:Adding the magnesium-based presoma after the alkali nitrates fully dissolve and be sufficiently stirred makes it It is sufficiently mixed.
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CN109351328A (en) * 2018-11-05 2019-02-19 中国矿业大学 A kind of modified oxidized magnesium-based carbon dioxide absorber and preparation method thereof
CN111603907A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-09-01 武汉理工大学 Modified magnesium-based absorbent and preparation method thereof
CN111603902A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-09-01 武汉理工大学 Magnesium chloride-based adsorbent and preparation method thereof
CN111961449B (en) * 2020-08-17 2021-04-13 上海交通大学 Chemical heat storage and release material with high heat storage and release density and preparation method thereof

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