CN105655631A - Incombustible sodium secondary battery, electrolyte thereof and application of incombustible sodium secondary battery - Google Patents
Incombustible sodium secondary battery, electrolyte thereof and application of incombustible sodium secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105655631A CN105655631A CN201610191181.XA CN201610191181A CN105655631A CN 105655631 A CN105655631 A CN 105655631A CN 201610191181 A CN201610191181 A CN 201610191181A CN 105655631 A CN105655631 A CN 105655631A
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- noninflammability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-safety incombustible sodium secondary battery system. Incombustible phosphate ester and sodium salt are used as electrolyte of the high-safety incombustible sodium secondary battery system. Incombustible phosphate ester solvents are structurally characterized in that an R<1>, an R<2> or an R<3> in a formula of R<1>OP(O)OR<2>OR<3> represent alkylaryl, halogen-substituted alkyl or aryl and the like and can be symmetric, asymmetric and circular, and halogen can be partially substituted or completely substituted and is F, Cl or Br and the like; cathodes are made of hard carbon, alloy and NaTi<2>(PO<4>)<3> cathode materials, and the alloy cathodes comprise antimonic, tin bases, compounds of the antimonic and the tin bases and the like; anode materials comprise NaFePO<4>, Na<3>V<2>(PO<4>)<3>, NaNi<0.35>Mn<0.35>Fe<0.3>O<2> and the like. The high-safety incombustible sodium secondary battery system has the advantages that the sodium secondary battery system is incombustible, is high in safety and excellent in cycle performance and has high specific energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sodium rechargeable battery system of a kind of high security, more particularly to a kind of system being applied to alloy anode containing the electrolyte that noninflammability phosphate ester is solvent, belong to electrochemistry and the technical field of electrochmical power source product.
Background technology
Owing to sodium abundance on earth is high, distribution is wide and price is low, sodium-ion battery causes the extensive concern of domestic and international researcher as scale accumulation power supply, it is possible to becomes and is expected to a novel battery technology for energy storage system after lithium ion battery. But, for sodium-ion battery, except low cost and long-life electrode material, safety issue is also especially prominent, and this has the chemical activity higher than lithium mainly due to sodium, causes the reactivity higher with electrolyte and burning, explosion hazard. The research work of major part sodium-ion battery is mainly around positive and negative pole material at present, and the research about electrolyte safety rarely has report. Use flammable carbonates electrolyte due to sodium-ion battery equally, have a strong impact on the safety of battery. Although adding fire retardant in the battery can alleviate burning to a certain extent, but burning can not be stoped completely. Therefore incombustible electrolyte is used to be only the fundamental way solving this problem completely.
Noninflammability electrolyte common at present has ionic liquid, solid electrolyte and phosphate compounds etc. Solid electrolyte is topmost has a problem in that electrical conductivity is too low, is typically in 10 under room temperature-5To 10-7Scm-1, only thickness reduce to 10-20 ��m be used as thin-film electrolyte for all-solid-state battery time, the electrical conductivity impact on battery performance could be reduced. Compared with liquid organic electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte is low with the reactivity of metallic sodium, therefore extremely has prospect in the application of sodium-ion battery. Ionic liquid major problem is that viscosity is big thus causing that electrical conductivity is low. Therefore, considering from physicochemical properties, environmental protection and cost angle, phosphate compounds is the selection that noninflammability electrolyte is best.
Phosphate compounds is a lot of as the research of lithium ion battery noninflammability solvent, but there is presently no and be used to sodium-ion battery. The structure of phosphate compounds is similar to carbonic ester with physicochemical properties, has wide liquid temperature scope (for trimethyl phosphate :-46��197 DEG C), low viscosity (0.02257cP) and high chemical stability.Noninflammability phosphoric acid ester electrolyte is applied in sodium rechargeable battery system by the present invention, not only achieves the complete noninflammability of electrolyte system, and positive and negative pole material shows good chemical property and application possibility in noninflammability phosphoric acid ester electrolyte.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the sodium rechargeable battery of a kind of high safety and noninflammability electrolyte thereof.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery, including noninflammability solvent and sodium salt, described noninflammability solvent is noninflammability phosphate ester or the mixture of noninflammability phosphate ester and carbonic ester, and described sodium salt is NaClO4��NaBF4��NaPF6, (fluorine sulfimide sodium), NaFTFSI (fluorine sulphonyl trifluoromethanesulp-onyl-onyl imide sodium), at least one in NaTFSI (trifluoromethanesulp-onyl-onyl imide sodium), in noninflammability electrolyte, the concentration of sodium salt is 0.5-4M; Wherein, the structural formula of described noninflammability phosphate ester is:
In formula, R1��R2Or R3For alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl or halogenated aryl,
Described haloalkyl is the alkyl of one or more replacements in F, Cl, Br,
Described halogenated aryl is the aryl of one or more replacements in F, Cl, Br.
The described noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery, also include film for additive, described film for additive is one or more in ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), chlorocarbonic acid vinyl acetate (ClEC), and in noninflammability electrolyte, the addition of film for additive is 0-20wt%.
Preferably: described noninflammability solvent is trimethyl phosphate or triethyl phosphate, described sodium salt is NaPF6, NaPF in noninflammability electrolyte6Concentration be 0.8M, described film for additive is fluorinated ethylene ester, and in noninflammability electrolyte, the addition of film for additive is 10wt%.
A kind of noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery, including above-mentioned for the noninflammability electrolyte of sodium rechargeable battery, positive pole and negative pole, wherein, described negative pole is hard carbon cathode, alloy anode or NaTi2(PO4)3Negative pole, described just extremely NaFePO4��Na3V2(PO4)3Or NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2; Described alloy anode is tin base cathode, antimonio negative pole or stannum-antimony composite base negative pole.
Preferably: described antimonio negative pole is antimony-silicon carbide composite.
Above-mentioned noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery is as the application of accumulation power supply.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention utilizes noninflammability phosphate ester as the solvent of sodium rechargeable battery electrolyte, and the electrolyte being mixed to form with sodium salt has the chemical property close with conventional carbonic ester electrolyte;
2, the present invention utilizes noninflammability phosphate ester to have significantly high safety as the sodium rechargeable battery that electrolyte solvent assembles, and this is to development high security sodium-ion battery system important in inhibiting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of phosphate compounds used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the igniting figure of TMP noninflammability electrolyte and carbonic ester electrolyte in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is Sb/SiC/C negative pole charge-discharge performance figure in noninflammability phosphate ester electrolyte in embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is NaNi in embodiment 40.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Positive pole charge-discharge performance figure in noninflammability phosphate ester electrolyte.
Fig. 5 is Sb/NaNi in embodiment 50.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Full battery charge-discharge performance figure in noninflammability phosphate ester electrolyte.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, its object is to facilitate a better understanding of technical scheme, but the protection domain that these specific embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way.Raw material used in following example is known compound, is commercially available, or the synthesis of available methods known in the art.
Embodiment 1
Using noninflammability phosphate ester preparation noninflammability electrolyte in the glove box of full argon, the sodium salt used is NaPF6, NaPF in noninflammability electrolyte6Concentration be 0.8M; The film former used is FEC, and in noninflammability electrolyte, addition is 10wt%; The noninflammability phosphate ester used is trimethyl phosphate (TMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). Additionally conventional carbonic ester electrolyte consist of 1MNaPF6EC/DEC (1:1), and add the FEC of 5wt% as film for additive.
Undertaken lighting test by the noninflammability phosphate ester electrolyte prepared, for TMP electrolyte, result as it is shown in figure 1, as can see from Figure 1 carbonic ester electrolyte very easily burn, and TMP electrolyte is put do not fire completely, has significantly high safety.
The present invention, in order to sodium rechargeable battery charge-discharge performance is evaluated, uses the noninflammability electrolyte that above-mentioned noninflammability phosphate ester is prepared to assemble 2016 button half-cell (Sb/Na, NaTi respectively2(PO4)3/ Na, Na3V2(PO4)3/Na,NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2/ Na) and full battery (Sb/NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2, NaTi2(PO4)3/Na3V2(PO4)3)��
Embodiment 2
The negative material used is hard carbon, Sb/C antimonio composite and NaTi2(PO4)3, Sn/C Tin Composite Material; Positive electrode is NaFePO4, Na3V2(PO4)3,NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2, the manufacture method of electrode plates is as follows:
Cathode pole piece: by hard carbon cathode or antimonio negative pole, 10wt% polyacrylic acid (PAA) aqueous solution and acetylene black or SuperP 80:10:10 in mass ratio mixing, pour into film on Copper Foil after mixing well with Miniature ball mill stirring, after vacuum drying, stamp out corresponding size (about 0.5cm2) negative electrode film after, compacting under 20Mpa, stand-by after weighing.
Anode pole piece: by positive electrode (NaFePO4��Na3V2(PO4)3Or NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2), methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solution containing 4wt% Kynoar (PVDF) and acetylene black 70:10:20 in mass ratio mixing, pour into film on aluminium foil after mixing well with Miniature ball mill stirring, after vacuum drying, determine corresponding size (about 0.5cm2) film after to be pressed onto collector aluminum stand-by on the net.
Embodiment 3
Assembling Sb/Na2016 button cell in the glove box of full argon, use the TMP noninflammability electrolyte prepared of embodiment 1 and TEP noninflammability electrolyte, adopt constant current charge-discharge pattern, running voltage interval is 0.01��2V, and electric current density is 50mA/g. Test result is shown in Fig. 2, result shows, Sb/C negative pole all shows good electro-chemical activity in two kinds of phosphoric acid ester noninflammability electrolyte, first all charge specific capacity are all at about 490mAh/g, and in two kinds of noninflammability electrolyte, show higher cyclical stability, the capability retention after 80 weeks respectively 97%, 108%. This extends the application in alloy anode of the noninflammability phosphate ester electrolyte.
Embodiment 4
The glove box of full argon assembles NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2/ Na2016 button cell, uses the TMP noninflammability electrolyte that embodiment 1 is prepared, and adopts constant current charge-discharge pattern, and running voltage is 2��4.25V, and electric current density is 15mA/g. Test result is shown in Fig. 3, it is shown that NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Positive pole does not fire in electrolyte at TMP and has stable performance, and first all specific discharge capacities are 120mAhg-1, first all coulombic efficiencies are 85%, and after circulating 50 weeks, capability retention is 85%, it was shown that TMP does not fire electrolyte to NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Just having good electrochemistry compatible, be suitable as NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2The electrolyte of positive pole.
Embodiment 5
The glove box of full argon assembles Sb/NaNi respectively0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Full battery, electrolyte adopts the TMP noninflammability electrolyte of preparation in embodiment 1, and capacity matching limits with capacity of negative plates, the excessive 10wt% of positive electrode capacity, and running voltage is 2-4.25V, all adopts constant current charge-discharge pattern, and electric current density is 50mA/g. Test result is shown in Fig. 4, it is shown that Sb/NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Full battery can provide 489mAhg in TMP noninflammability electrolyte-1First week specific discharge capacity (calculating with Sb negative electrode active material), average charging tension is at about 3.2V, and discharge voltage is at about 2.8V. After second week, coulombic efficiency is increased to 98%, and the capability retention after 50 weeks is 60%. Therefore, Sb/NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Full battery has higher specific capacity and certain circulation ability in TMP noninflammability electrolyte, the novel noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery system of entirely possible structure.
Trimethyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate in embodiments of the invention can be substituted by the noninflammability phosphate compounds of following structural formula:
In formula, R1��R2Or R3For the alkyl and aryl etc. of alkyl, aryl and halogen substiuted, R1��R2And R3Can being symmetrical, asymmetric and ring-type, halogen substiuted can be that part replaces or all replaces, and halogen is F, Cl or Br etc.
Sodium salt can use NaClO4��NaBF4��NaPF6, at least one in NaFSI, NaFTFSI or NaTFSI, in noninflammability electrolyte, the concentration of sodium salt is 0.5-4M.
Film for additive adopts one or more mixture in ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), chlorocarbonic acid vinyl acetate (ClEC), and in noninflammability electrolyte, the addition of film for additive is at 0-20%.
Positive electrode can adopt NaFePO4��Na3V2(PO4)3��NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2Deng.
Negative material can adopt hard carbon, alloy anode and NaTi2(PO4)3Negative poles etc., wherein alloy anode includes tinbase and antimonio negative pole and their complex, such as antimony-silicon carbide composite etc.
Above-described detailed description of the invention; the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further detailed description; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only the instantiation of the present invention; it is not limited to the present invention; all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. for a noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery, including noninflammability solvent and sodium salt, it is characterised in that: described noninflammability solvent is noninflammability phosphate ester or the mixture of noninflammability phosphate ester and carbonic ester, and described sodium salt is NaClO4��NaBF4��NaPF6, at least one in NaFSI, NaFTFSI or NaTFSI, in noninflammability electrolyte, the concentration of sodium salt is 0.5-4M; Wherein, the structural formula of described noninflammability phosphate ester is:
In formula, R1��R2Or R3For alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl or halogenated aryl,
Described haloalkyl is the alkyl of one or more replacements in F, Cl, Br,
Described halogenated aryl is the aryl of one or more replacements in F, Cl, Br.
2. the noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also include film for additive, described film for additive is one or more in ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene ester, chloroethylenes ester, and in noninflammability electrolyte, the addition of film for additive is 0-20wt%.
3. the noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: described noninflammability solvent is trimethyl phosphate or triethyl phosphate, and described sodium salt is NaPF6, NaPF in noninflammability electrolyte6Concentration be 0.8M.
4. the noninflammability electrolyte for sodium rechargeable battery according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described film for additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate, and in noninflammability electrolyte, the addition of film for additive is 10wt%.
5. a noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery, it is characterised in that: include described in any one of claim 1-4 for the noninflammability electrolyte of sodium rechargeable battery, positive pole and negative pole, wherein, described negative pole is hard carbon cathode, alloy anode or NaTi2(PO4)3Negative pole, described just extremely NaFePO4��Na3V2(PO4)3Or NaNi0.35Mn0.35Fe0.3O2; Described alloy anode is tin base cathode, antimonio negative pole or stannum-antimony composite base negative pole.
6. noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described antimonio negative pole is antimony-silicon carbide composite.
7. the noninflammability sodium rechargeable battery described in claim 5 or 6 is as the application of accumulation power supply.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106252724A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-21 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Additive, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery containing additive |
CN108539274A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-09-14 | 武汉大学 | A kind of noninflammability lithium secondary battery and its application |
CN108736010A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 武汉大学 | A kind of safe full phosphate sodium ion secondary battery |
CN109449490A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of phosphate-based lithium ion battery non-ignitable safe electrolyte and lithium ion battery that reducing agent improves |
CN110518287A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海紫剑化工科技有限公司 | Sodium ion electrolyte, secondary cell and preparation method and application |
CN114122516A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-01 | 复旦大学 | Incombustible high-safety sodium-ion battery |
WO2023015408A1 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-16 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Flame-retardant electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion secondary battery |
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CN104900879A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-09 | 山东大学 | Flame retardant sodium-ion battery electrolytic solution and application thereof |
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CN1558464A (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2004-12-29 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte containing organophosphorus compounds and battery formed thereby |
US20070218361A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Sodium ion secondary battery |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106252724A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2016-12-21 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Additive, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery containing additive |
CN108736010A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 武汉大学 | A kind of safe full phosphate sodium ion secondary battery |
CN108539274A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-09-14 | 武汉大学 | A kind of noninflammability lithium secondary battery and its application |
CN108539274B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2020-07-24 | 武汉大学 | Non-combustible lithium secondary battery and application thereof |
CN109449490A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of phosphate-based lithium ion battery non-ignitable safe electrolyte and lithium ion battery that reducing agent improves |
CN110518287A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海紫剑化工科技有限公司 | Sodium ion electrolyte, secondary cell and preparation method and application |
CN110518287B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2022-02-11 | 上海紫剑化工科技有限公司 | Sodium ion electrolyte, secondary battery, preparation method and application |
WO2023015408A1 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-16 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Flame-retardant electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion secondary battery |
CN114122516A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-01 | 复旦大学 | Incombustible high-safety sodium-ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20160608 |