CN105652952A - Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system based on fireworks algorithm - Google Patents

Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system based on fireworks algorithm Download PDF

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CN105652952A
CN105652952A CN201610235249.XA CN201610235249A CN105652952A CN 105652952 A CN105652952 A CN 105652952A CN 201610235249 A CN201610235249 A CN 201610235249A CN 105652952 A CN105652952 A CN 105652952A
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search
maximum power
power point
fireworks
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蔡世冠
严广
季灿
陈凯
刘毅
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention relates to a maximum power point tracking method for a photovoltaic power generation system based on a fireworks algorithm. The maximum power point tracking method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) finding and tracking a maximum power point: generating a certain number of firework bullets in an output voltage search region based on a unique search mechanism of a fireworks blasting algorithm, and then performing blasting operations in positive and negative directions on each firework bullet, wherein fireworks generated by blasting execute local search within a certain neighborhood range of the original firework bullet (the blasting point), and each blasting includes a voltage size updating phase and a power information updating phase; (2) positioning the maximum power point: repeating the firework blasting process, ending the algorithm if the iterative frequency of actual running of the algorithm is greater than a set parameter T, and determining the last position of the fireworks is the maximum power point. The method cannot be affected by the change of an external environment, and the maximum power point can be found and tracked according to voltage, current and power information output by a photovoltaic array; by the adoption of a selection strategy of partial optimization maintaining and partial random selection, partial optimization in the search process can be effectively avoided, and the position of the maximum power point can be finally accurately positioned; therefore, the search efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking based on fireworks algorithm
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generating system field, particularly to a kind of maximum power point tracing method based on fireworks algorithm.
Background technology
Solar energy, as one of new forms of energy ideal in nature now, receives more and more general attention. Solar energy have compared with other green renewable new forms of energy rich reserves, distribution extensively, the characteristic of clean energy. Solar energy power generating occupies very big ratio in regenerative resource and new forms of energy, and being known as our times by the whole society has the new energy technology of development potentiality most.
Under certain intensity of illumination and ambient temperature, the output of photovoltaic array changes along with the change of output voltage, and only when a certain output voltage values, output can be only achieved maximum. Improving the whole efficiency of photovoltaic generating system, an important channel is exactly the operating point adjusting photovoltaic array, so as to always work near maximum power point, namely realizes MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT(MaximumPowerPointTracking). When weather condition is changeable, the maximum power point real-time tracking of photovoltaic generating system becomes one of focus of Chinese scholars research.
At present, conventional MPPT method includes: constant voltage process, disturbance observational method, conductance increment method, fuzzy control and neutral net etc. Wherein constant voltage process institute is relevant to external environment according to parameter, and tracking effect is undesirable. Increment node-pair method relative complex, to controlling, system requirements is higher. Neural network tracking effect is better, but sample acquisition process is more difficult and not easily produces a desired effect. Fuzzy control can quickly response external environmental change, but need to by based on " expertise ", and actual " expertise " incomplete, therefore there is limitation. When external environment changes suddenly or local shades occurs, these algorithms easily make search be absorbed in local optimum, and search efficiency is low.
It is an object of the invention to the deficiency existed for existing tracking, a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking based on fireworks algorithm is proposed, it has the function of discovery, tracking, location simultaneously, and effectively prevent search and be absorbed in local optimum, navigate to the position of maximum power point rapidly and accurately.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing maximum power point tracing method high according to parameter and external environment degree of association, tracking effect is bad and is easily absorbed in the shortcoming of local optimum state, the present invention proposes a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking based on fireworks algorithm. When changing not against external environment, can be found by photovoltaic array output voltage, electric current and power information, follow the tracks of maximum power point and avoid it to be absorbed in local optimum in search procedure, finally it is accurately positioned maximum power point position, improves search efficiency.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
The discovery of maximum power point and tracking:
The search mechanisms of algorithm uniqueness of exploding based on fireworks, the output voltage region of search generates the firework bomb of some, then each firework bomb is carried out the blast operations in positive and negative 2 directions, a large amount of sparks that blast produces perform Local Search in certain contiguous range of former firework bomb (fried point), and adopt local to protect the firework bomb number that excellent strategy controls to carry out exploding by generation. Each blast all includes voltage swing more new stage and power information more new stage.
First randomly placing N number of firework bomb in the voltage region of search, the blast of each firework bomb has a burst radius r, and the spark that blast produces can be scattered in this radius. If the spark that fireworks blast produces is beyond the scope of the voltage region of search, then by spark Random Maps to the voltage region of search, thus blast interval range has been limited. So both avoid invalid search, be also filled with certain sudden change ability to algorithm, it is possible to improve the search efficiency of algorithm.
Initial stage at algorithm, it is necessary to search volume is explored fully, and in the later stage, along with to the progressively convergence of optimal value, only exploring in a subrange. Therefore, we set the number N of the firework bomb that every generation is placed along with iteration algebraically successively decreasing progressively, and its computing formula is:
(1) wherein, ceil is bracket function; T represents current iteration algebraically; T represents the greatest iteration algebraically of algorithm; NmaxFor the number of initial firework bomb, NminNumber for algorithm firework bomb in latter stage.
Every time after blast, protect selection strategy excellent, part random choose with part and choose the firework bomb that the individual preferably spark of N (t) exploded as next time, along with the increase of iterations, the fried point of last firework bomb and the spark of generation thereof are concentrated near the optimal solution position of problem. Adopting this strategy is the information in order to both retain outstanding firework bomb and spark, ensures again the multiformity of firework bomb and spark to a certain extent, reduces the probability that algorithm is precocious.
When photovoltaic generating system works, owing to a part of region of search output is only small, therefore at the iteration initial stage, r value is relatively big, is conducive to algorithm to carry out overall situation exploration, and in the iteration later stage, r value is less, is conducive to the Local Search of algorithm. But, we may notice that, the spark quantity produced due to the blast of every generation firework bomb is more, and coverage rate is relatively wider, and therefore, the decline rate at algorithm initial stage r can be accelerated, and is beneficial to firework bomb and focuses on faster near globe optimum.And in the latter stage of algorithm, in order to improve the precision of algorithm further, the decline rate of r should be slower so that algorithm can carry out sufficient Local Search near optimum point. So r being arranged to one along with the increase of the iteration algebraically of algorithm in the non-linear parameter successively decreased, its computing formula is:
(2)
Wherein, t represents current iteration algebraically; T represents the greatest iteration algebraically of algorithm; rmaxFor the maximum radius of iteration initial stage firework bomb blast, rminMaximum radius for iteration latter stage.
If there is multimodal situation in search procedure, namely having several partial powers maximum of points, employing part protects selection strategy excellent, part random choose can effectively avoid enter into local optimum state.
Peak power point location:
Repeating the process of fireworks blast, when the iterations of algorithm actual motion is more than the parameter T set, algorithm terminates, and confirms that the last position of fireworks is maximum power point.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic array output characteristic curve. Wherein I is electric current, and V is voltage, and P is power, it can be seen that there is an output voltage, and making output P is maximum, and in figure, MPP is maximum power point.
Fig. 2 is the output characteristic curve under local shades. Wherein I is electric current, and V is voltage, and P is power. If occurring in that multiple shade in various degree in a photovoltaic array, so the output power curve of photovoltaic array arises that the situation of multimodal, under local shades state, the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array and the output characteristic curve of subarray are respectively as shown in curve 1, curve 2, curve 3.
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic generating system main circuit topology figure. Wherein MPPT controller adopts fireworks algorithm, after a given voltage firework bomb or spark, regulates DrefSize, and triangular carrier compare after just have adjusted dutycycle so that cell output voltage be equal to set-point. By sampling battery voltage and electric current, calculate present output power and store, finally comparing the watt level at each voltage firework bomb or spark place, selecting preferably firework bomb or spark.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Detailed description of the invention
1. initialize.
1.1 arrange the iteration algebraically that algorithm parameter T, N (t), r (t) wherein T is algorithm, and N (t) is firework bomb number, meets formula (1), the burst radius that r (t) is firework bomb, meets formula (2).
1.2 tie up random initializtion N(1 within the scope of voltage search volume 1) position of individual firework bomb (voltage), make t=1.
2. carry out blast operations and maximal power tracing.
2.1 more new location information.
To each firework bomb (voltage) positive and negative 2 directions along standard coordinate axle, produce spark with radius r (t), 2r (t)/3, r (t)/3 according to formula (3) blast respectively
(3)
Wherein XiFor firework bomb i(and explosion center) current location, for the position of spark that firework bomb i blast produces. rjT () (j=1,2,3) are burst radius, and r1(t)=r (t), r2(t)=2r (t)/3, r3T ()=1r (t)/3, r (t) represents maximum radius that firework bomb explodes and meets formula (2).(k=1,2) is the direction vector of blast, and about the blast direction of firework bomb, we select to compare the positive negative direction of standard coordinate axle intuitively.
2.2 update power information.
In voltage range, from big to small firework bomb and spark point are scanned, calculate the power of each spark point.Initial stage at algorithm, it is necessary to search volume is explored fully, and in the later stage, along with to the progressively convergence of optimal value, only exploring in a subrange. Therefore, we set the number N (t) of the firework bomb that every generation is placed along with iteration algebraically successively decreasing progressively, and N (t) meets formula (1).
2.3 select firework bomb of future generation.
Optimum N (t)/2 are selected in all sparks and former firework bomb from current interval, and from random choose N (t)/2 remaining spark or former firework bomb, collectively form the individual firework bomb of N (t) to be retained, employing part protects selection strategy excellent, part random choose can effectively avoid enter into local optimum state, other spark or firework bomb all abandon, and put t=t+1.
3. peak power point location.
If t is < T, return 2.1; Otherwise algorithm stops, and exports position and the target function value thereof of optimum spark or the firework bomb obtained.

Claims (3)

1. the maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking based on fireworks algorithm, it is characterised in that the step that the method includes is:
1) based on the explosion type search strategy of fireworks algorithm: adopt the search mechanisms that fireworks explosion type is unique, the output voltage region of search generates the firework bomb of some, then each firework bomb is carried out the blast operations in positive and negative 2 directions, a large amount of sparks that blast produces perform Local Search in certain contiguous range of former firework bomb (fried point), and adopting local to protect the firework bomb number that excellent strategy controls to carry out exploding by generation, each blast all includes voltage swing more new stage and power information more new stage;
2) based on the tracking strategy of fireworks algorithm: at the initial stage of algorithm, need search volume is explored fully, and in the later stage, along with to the progressively convergence of optimal value, only need to explore in a subrange, therefore, we set the number N of the firework bomb that every generation is placed along with iteration algebraically successively decreasing progressively; Decline rate at algorithm initial stage burst radius r can be accelerated, it is beneficial to firework bomb focus near globe optimum faster, and in the latter stage of algorithm, in order to improve the precision of algorithm further, the decline rate of r should be slower so that algorithm can carry out sufficient Local Search near optimum point;
3) avoiding being absorbed in local optimum: if there is multimodal situation in search procedure, namely have several partial powers maximum of points, employing part protects selection strategy excellent, part random choose can effectively avoid enter into local optimum state;
4) peak power point location: when the iterations of algorithm actual motion is more than the parameter T set, algorithm terminates, and confirms that the last position of fireworks is maximum power point.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the number N of described every generation firework bomb, its computing formula is:
Wherein, ceil is bracket function; T represents current iteration algebraically; T represents the greatest iteration algebraically of algorithm; NmaxFor the number of initial firework bomb, NminNumber for algorithm firework bomb in latter stage.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described burst radius r, is set to one along with the increase of the iteration algebraically of algorithm in the non-linear parameter successively decreased, and computing formula is:
Wherein, t represents current iteration algebraically; T represents the greatest iteration algebraically of algorithm; rmaxFor the maximum radius of iteration initial stage firework bomb blast, rminMaximum radius for iteration latter stage.
CN201610235249.XA 2016-04-18 2016-04-18 Maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic power generation system based on fireworks algorithm Pending CN105652952A (en)

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Cited By (8)

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CN106228036A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-14 陕西师范大学 A kind of method using fireworks algorithm identification of protein complex
CN106788723A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-31 江苏师范大学 A kind of visible light communication distributed light source method for optimizing position based on fireworks algorithm
CN107169565A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-15 西安工程大学 Yarn quality prediction method based on fireworks algorithm improvement BP neural network
CN108241298A (en) * 2018-01-09 2018-07-03 南京航空航天大学 A kind of aerogenerator method for diagnosing faults based on FWA-RNN models
CN109409420A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-03-01 西安热工研究院有限公司 Photovoltaic string fault diagnosis method under non-uniform irradiance
CN111612247A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-01 西安建筑科技大学 Parallel connection cold machine load optimization distribution method, storage medium and equipment
CN112765902A (en) * 2021-02-09 2021-05-07 嘉兴学院 RBF neural network soft measurement modeling method based on TentFWA-GD and application thereof
CN114115418A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-03-01 华能新能源股份有限公司 Photovoltaic system maximum power point hierarchical tracking method and device

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106228036A (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-14 陕西师范大学 A kind of method using fireworks algorithm identification of protein complex
CN106788723B (en) * 2016-12-06 2019-06-21 江苏师范大学 A kind of visible light communication distributed light source method for optimizing position based on fireworks algorithm
CN106788723A (en) * 2016-12-06 2017-05-31 江苏师范大学 A kind of visible light communication distributed light source method for optimizing position based on fireworks algorithm
CN107169565A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-15 西安工程大学 Yarn quality prediction method based on fireworks algorithm improvement BP neural network
CN107169565B (en) * 2017-04-27 2020-06-19 西安工程大学 Spinning quality prediction method for improving BP neural network based on firework algorithm
CN108241298A (en) * 2018-01-09 2018-07-03 南京航空航天大学 A kind of aerogenerator method for diagnosing faults based on FWA-RNN models
CN109409420A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-03-01 西安热工研究院有限公司 Photovoltaic string fault diagnosis method under non-uniform irradiance
CN109409420B (en) * 2018-10-08 2022-05-03 西安热工研究院有限公司 Photovoltaic string fault diagnosis method under non-uniform irradiance
CN111612247A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-01 西安建筑科技大学 Parallel connection cold machine load optimization distribution method, storage medium and equipment
CN111612247B (en) * 2020-05-19 2023-09-19 西安建筑科技大学 Parallel cooling machine load optimal distribution method, storage medium and equipment
CN112765902A (en) * 2021-02-09 2021-05-07 嘉兴学院 RBF neural network soft measurement modeling method based on TentFWA-GD and application thereof
CN112765902B (en) * 2021-02-09 2024-02-20 嘉兴学院 Soft measurement modeling method for COD concentration in rural domestic sewage treatment process based on TentFWA-GD RBF neural network
CN114115418A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-03-01 华能新能源股份有限公司 Photovoltaic system maximum power point hierarchical tracking method and device

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