CN105652108B - The detection method and device of flexible direct current power transmission system - Google Patents
The detection method and device of flexible direct current power transmission system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection method and device of flexible direct current power transmission system.Wherein, this method includes：Obtain the failure rate and/or repair rate of the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, wherein, the failure rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, and the repair rate is for indicating the reparation rate after the engineering element breaks down；According to the failure rate and/or the repair rate, the dependability parameter of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is obtained, the dependability parameter is used to indicate the performance indicator of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；According to the dependability parameter, the repair rate of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is determined.The present invention solves the technical issues of prior art can not carry out reliability assessment to flexible direct current power transmission system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power domains, in particular to a kind of detection method and device of flexible direct current power transmission system.
Background technology
Flexible DC transmission technology is the HVDC Transmission Technology of new generation based on all-controlling power electronics device, is in the world
The ideal scheme of generally acknowledged composition multi-terminal HVDC transmission network.Compared with traditional high voltage dc transmission technology, as a result of
Full-controlled switch device, flexible direct current power transmission system can not only realize the quick adjusting of system active power and frequency, simultaneously
The quick adjusting that can realize system voltage and reactive power, may be implemented the independence of system output active power and reactive power
Control.Therefore, flexible DC transmission technology has wider application prospect in the power system, can be applied to new energy simultaneously
Net, asynchronous Power System Interconnection construct city direct current transmission and distribution net, power to remote districts, promote power grid power quality, isolated island and sea
Multi-terminal HVDC transmission network is powered and realized to upper mounting plate.The electric equipments packet of 2 common end flexible direct current power transmission systems
It includes by full-controlled switch device, backward dioded, the converter valve clamped down on capacitance etc. and constituted, connects the direct current of both sides converter valve
Cable connects the filter of converter valve and electric power networks.
From 1999, first flexible DC power transmission engineering put into operation in the world, and flexible DC transmission technology is in transmission and distribution networks
Middle application is very universal.However, although flexible DC transmission technology is quickly grown, for flexible direct current power transmission system
Reliability assessment lacks systematic Study, this makes the safety of flexible direct current power transmission system that can not control.
For above-mentioned problem, currently no effective solution has been proposed.
Invention content
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of detection method and device of flexible direct current power transmission system, existing at least to solve
The technical issues of technology can not carry out reliability assessment to flexible direct current power transmission system.
One side according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of detection method of flexible direct current power transmission system, including：
Obtain the failure rate and/or repair rate of the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, wherein the failure
Rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, and the repair rate is for after indicating that the engineering element breaks down
Reparation rate；According to the failure rate and/or the repair rate, obtain the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected can
By property parameter, the dependability parameter is used to indicate the performance indicator of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；According to institute
Dependability parameter is stated, determines the repair rate of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected.
Further, the dependability parameter includes the mean down time；Wherein, it is described according to the failure rate and/or
The repair rate of the preset engineering element obtains the dependability parameter packet of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
It includes：The inverse for calculating the failure rate obtains the mean down time.
Further, the dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；Wherein, described according to the failure rate
And/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, obtain the reliability of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Parameter includes：The inverse for calculating the repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
Further, the dependability parameter includes effective percentage；Wherein, described to set according to the failure rate and/or in advance
The repair rate of the fixed engineering element, the dependability parameter for obtaining the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected include：It is right
The failure rate and repair rate summation, obtain first and value；The failure rate and described first and the ratio of value are calculated, is obtained
To the effective percentage.
Further, the failure rate packet for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
It includes：Create sample set, wherein the usage time comprising sample engineering element and the usage time pair in the sample set
The sample failure rate answered；According to the usage time and the sample failure rate, the failure of the sample engineering element is obtained
Rate indicatrix；According to the usage time of the failure rate indicatrix and the engineering element, the engineering element is determined
The failure rate.
Another aspect according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of detection device of flexible direct current power transmission system, packet
It includes：Acquiring unit, the failure rate for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected and/or reparation
Rate, wherein the failure rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, and the repair rate is for indicating the work
Reparation rate after journey element failure；Computing unit, for according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate, obtaining institute
The dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is stated, the dependability parameter is for indicating the flexibility to be detected
The performance indicator of DC transmission system；Determination unit, for according to the dependability parameter, determining that the flexibility to be detected is straight
Flow the repair rate of transmission system.
Further, the dependability parameter includes the mean down time；Wherein, the computing unit is following for executing
It is straight to obtain the flexibility to be detected according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element for step
Flow the dependability parameter of transmission system：The inverse for calculating the failure rate obtains the mean down time.
Further, the dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；Wherein, the computing unit is for executing
Following steps obtain described to be detected soft according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element
The dependability parameter of property DC transmission system：The inverse for calculating the repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
Further, the dependability parameter includes effective percentage；Wherein, the computing unit is for executing following steps root
According to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, the flexible DC power transmission to be detected is obtained
The dependability parameter of system：It sums to the failure rate and the repair rate, obtains first and value；Calculate the failure rate and institute
The ratio for stating first and value obtains the effective percentage.
Further, the acquiring unit is used to execute following steps to obtain and be wrapped in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
The failure rate of the engineering element contained：Create sample set, wherein when in the sample set including the use of sample engineering element
Between sample failure rate corresponding with the usage time；According to the usage time and the sample failure rate, obtain described
The failure rate indicatrix of sample engineering element；When according to the use of the failure rate indicatrix and the engineering element
Between, determine the failure rate of the engineering element.
In embodiments of the present invention, using the event for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Barrier rate and/or repair rate, wherein failure rate is for indicating the frequency that engineering element breaks down, and repair rate is for indicating engineering
Reparation rate after element failure；According to failure rate and/or repair rate, flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is obtained
Dependability parameter, dependability parameter are used to indicate the performance indicator of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；According to described reliable
Property parameter, determines the mode of the repair rate of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, passes through the flexibility that determination is to be detected
The failure rate and/or repair rate for the engineering element for including in DC transmission system, and then obtain flexible DC power transmission to be detected
The dependability parameter of system is assessed flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected according to dependability parameter, is determined to be detected
Flexible direct current power transmission system whether need to overhaul, achieved the purpose that flexible direct current power transmission system carry out reliability assessment,
To realize the technique effect improved to flexible direct current power transmission system safety, and then solving the prior art can not be to flexibility
DC transmission system carries out the technical issues of reliability assessment.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and is constituted part of this application, this hair
Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow signal of the detection method of optional flexible direct current power transmission system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of the bathtub curve of optional engineering element according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the detection device of optional flexible direct current power transmission system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained without making creative work should all belong to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
It should be noted that term " first " in description and claims of this specification and above-mentioned attached drawing, "
Two " etc. be for distinguishing similar object, without being used to describe specific sequence or precedence.It should be appreciated that using in this way
Data can be interchanged in the appropriate case, so as to the embodiment of the present invention described herein can in addition to illustrating herein or
Sequence other than those of description is implemented.In addition, term " comprising " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that cover
It includes to be not necessarily limited to for example, containing the process of series of steps or unit, method, system, product or equipment to cover non-exclusive
Those of clearly list step or unit, but may include not listing clearly or for these processes, method, product
Or the other steps or unit that equipment is intrinsic.
Embodiment 1
According to embodiments of the present invention, a kind of embodiment of the method for the detection method of flexible direct current power transmission system is provided, is needed
It is noted that step shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be in the computer system of such as a group of computer-executable instructions
Middle execution, although also, logical order is shown in flow charts, and it in some cases, can be with different from herein
Sequence executes shown or described step.
Fig. 1 is the detection method of flexible direct current power transmission system according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, this method packet
Include following steps：
Step S102 obtains the failure rate for the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected and/or repaiies
Multiple rate.
Wherein, failure rate is for indicating the frequency that engineering element breaks down, and repair rate is for indicating engineering element
Reparation rate after failure.
Optionally, the failure rate for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected includes：It creates
Sample set, wherein include the usage time and the corresponding sample failure rate of usage time of sample engineering element in sample set；
According to usage time and sample failure rate, the failure rate indicatrix of sample engineering element is obtained；It is bent according to failure rate feature
The usage time of line and engineering element determines the failure rate of engineering element.
In order to calculate dependability parameter, it is necessary first to be built to the failure rate λ of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Mould calculates.Wherein, failure rate refers to the frequency of system jam, as shown in Fig. 2, for most engineering elements, especially
It is semiconductor components and devices, failure rate λ shows a kind of " bathtub shaped " curve form.
As shown in Fig. 2, although failure rate λ is variation in life cycle management, in most life cycles
For steady state value.Therefore, can be approximately the exponential distribution model of Constant Failure Rate by the engineering element in flexible direct current power transmission system.
Step S104 obtains the reliability ginseng of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected according to failure rate and/or repair rate
Number.
Wherein, dependability parameter is used to indicate the performance indicator of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected.
As a kind of optional realization method, dependability parameter includes the mean down time；Wherein, according to failure rate and/
Or the repair rate of preset engineering element, the dependability parameter for obtaining flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected include：Meter
The inverse for calculating failure rate, obtains the mean down time.
As another optional realization method, dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；Wherein, according to failure
The repair rate of rate and/or preset engineering element obtains the dependability parameter packet of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
It includes：The inverse for calculating repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
As another optional realization method, dependability parameter includes effective percentage；Wherein, according to failure rate and/or in advance
The repair rate of the engineering element first set, the dependability parameter for obtaining flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected include：To failure
Rate and repair rate summation, obtain first and value；Failure rate and first and the ratio of value are calculated, effective percentage is obtained.
For exponential distribution model, if failure rate is λ, repair rate μ, probability density function is f (t)=λ e-λt；Reliability function is R (t)=e-λt；The λ of mean down time=1/；The μ of average time for repair of breakdowns=1/；Efficient A=μ/
(λ+μ)。
For flexible direct current power transmission system, each interior engineering element of system may be by exponential distribution model and be built
Mould, if specifying failure rate λ, so that it may to carry out quantitative calculating to related reliability parameter.
Illustratively, for a both ends flexible direct current power transmission system, including engineering element have IGBT (I nsulated
Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor), diode, damping capacitor, driving circuit, voltage with electricity
Current transformer, breaker, refrigeration system and connection transformer etc..For whole system, the total failare rate λ of systemtotal
The sum of engineering element failure rate λ each equal to internal system, such as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As it can be seen from table 1 the failure rate of both ends flexible direct current power transmission system, is the sum of internal all element failure rates,
269.508/ 1 million hours (2.36/), the λ of mean down time=1/total=0.43 year, if maintenance time is 24 days,
Then repair rate μtotal=365/24=15.2/, then efficient A=μ of systemtotal/(λtotal+μtotal)=97.25%.
Step S106 determines the repair rate of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected according to dependability parameter.
After obtaining dependability parameter, flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected can be determined according to dependability parameter
Repair rate, for example, determining that flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected needed to overhaul how many times within following a period of time.
By result of calculation as can be seen that flexible direct current power transmission system reliability is relatively low, this is mainly due to single at present
The withstanding voltage of IGBT is relatively low, needs to use the cascade frameworks of multiple IGBT in high voltage application field, therefore increase system
Failure rate.
For Multi-end flexible direct current transmission system, can also utilization index distributed model, the related reliability of system is joined
Number is calculated according to the method described above.
The present invention proposes a kind of method for the dependability parameter calculating flexible direct current power transmission system, can be defeated to flexible direct current
The dependability parameter of electric system carries out quantitative calculating, is capable of the reliable of effective evaluation flexible direct current power transmission system according to result of calculation
Property, for calculating flexible direct current power transmission system cost, reasonable arrangement system overhaul plan is of great significance.
Through the above steps, quantitative calculating can be carried out to the dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system, by quantitative
Result of calculation, can reasonable arrangement system overhaul plan, reduce system O&M expense, while can be reasonable in the stage of approving and initiate a project
Program full-life period cost is estimated, to effectively assess flexible direct current power transmission system project investment income.
Embodiment 2
According to embodiments of the present invention, it additionally provides a kind of for implementing the detection method of above-mentioned flexible direct current power transmission system
The detection device of flexible direct current power transmission system, as shown in figure 3, the detection device of the flexible direct current power transmission system includes：It obtains single
Member 302, computing unit 304 and determination unit 306.
Wherein, acquiring unit 302, the event for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Barrier rate and/or repair rate, wherein the failure rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, the repair rate
For indicating the reparation rate after the engineering element breaks down；Computing unit 304, for according to the failure rate and/or
The repair rate, obtains the dependability parameter of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, and the dependability parameter is used for table
Show the performance indicator of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；Determination unit 306 is used for according to the dependability parameter,
Determine the repair rate of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected.
Optionally, the dependability parameter includes the mean down time；Wherein, the computing unit 304 for execute with
Lower step obtains the flexibility to be detected according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element
The dependability parameter of DC transmission system：The inverse for calculating the failure rate obtains the mean down time.
Optionally, the dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；Wherein, the computing unit 304 is for holding
Row following steps obtain described to be detected according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element
The dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system：The inverse for calculating the repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
Optionally, the dependability parameter includes effective percentage；Wherein, the computing unit 304 is for executing following steps
According to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, it is defeated to obtain the flexible direct current to be detected
The dependability parameter of electric system：It sums to the failure rate and the repair rate, obtains first and value；Calculate the failure rate with
Described first and value ratio, obtain the effective percentage.
Optionally, the acquiring unit 302 is obtained for executing following steps in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Including engineering element failure rate：Create sample set, wherein include the use of sample engineering element in the sample set
Time and the corresponding sample failure rate of the usage time；According to the usage time and the sample failure rate, institute is obtained
State the failure rate indicatrix of sample engineering element；When according to the use of the failure rate indicatrix and the engineering element
Between, determine the failure rate of the engineering element.
In embodiments of the present invention, using the event for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Barrier rate and/or repair rate, wherein failure rate is for indicating the frequency that engineering element breaks down, and repair rate is for indicating engineering
Reparation rate after element failure；According to failure rate and/or repair rate, flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is obtained
Dependability parameter, dependability parameter are used to indicate the performance indicator of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；Joined according to reliability
Number, determines the mode of the repair rate of flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, passes through the flexible DC power transmission that determination is to be detected
The failure rate and/or repair rate for the engineering element for including in system, so obtain flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected can
By property parameter, flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is assessed according to dependability parameter, determines that flexibility to be detected is straight
Whether stream transmission system needs to overhaul, and has achieved the purpose that carry out reliability assessment to flexible direct current power transmission system, to realize
The technique effect to flexible direct current power transmission system safety is improved, and then solve the prior art can not be to flexible DC power transmission
System carries out the technical issues of reliability assessment.
The embodiments of the present invention are for illustration only, can not represent the quality of embodiment.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, all emphasizes particularly on different fields to the description of each embodiment, do not have in some embodiment
The part of detailed description may refer to the associated description of other embodiment.
In several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that disclosed technology contents can pass through others
Mode is realized.Wherein, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, for example, the unit division, Ke Yiwei
A kind of division of logic function, formula that in actual implementation, there may be another division manner, such as multiple units or component can combine or
Person is desirably integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.Another point, shown or discussed is mutual
Between coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection can be INDIRECT COUPLING or communication link by some interfaces, unit or module
It connects, can be electrical or other forms.
The unit illustrated as separating component may or may not be physically separated, aobvious as unit
The component shown may or may not be physical unit, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple
On unit.Some or all of unit therein can be selected according to the actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing unit, it can also
It is that each unit physically exists alone, it can also be during two or more units be integrated in one unit.Above-mentioned integrated list
The form that hardware had both may be used in member is realized, can also be realized in the form of SFU software functional unit.
If the integrated unit is realized in the form of SFU software functional unit and sells or use as independent product
When, it can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Based on this understanding, technical scheme of the present invention is substantially
The all or part of the part that contributes to existing technology or the technical solution can be in the form of software products in other words
It embodies, which is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions are used so that a computer
Equipment (can be personal computer, server or network equipment etc.) execute each embodiment the method for the present invention whole or
Part steps.And storage medium above-mentioned includes：USB flash disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), arbitrary access are deposited
Reservoir (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can to store program code
Medium.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of detection method of flexible direct current power transmission system, which is characterized in that including：
Obtain the failure rate and/or repair rate of the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected, wherein described
Failure rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, and the repair rate is for indicating that event occurs for the engineering element
Reparation rate after barrier；
According to the failure rate and/or the repair rate, the reliability ginseng of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is obtained
Number, the dependability parameter are used to indicate the performance indicator of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；
According to the dependability parameter, the repair rate of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected is determined；
The failure rate for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected includes：Create sample set
It closes, wherein include the usage time and the corresponding sample failure of the usage time of sample engineering element in the sample set
Rate；According to the usage time and the sample failure rate, the failure rate indicatrix of the sample engineering element is obtained；Root
According to the usage time of the failure rate indicatrix and the engineering element, the failure rate of the engineering element is determined.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dependability parameter includes the mean down time；
Wherein, described according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, it obtains described to be detected
The dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system include：
The inverse for calculating the failure rate obtains the mean down time.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；
Wherein, described according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, it obtains described to be detected
The dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system include：
The inverse for calculating the repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dependability parameter includes effective percentage；
Wherein, described according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate of the preset engineering element, it obtains described to be detected
The dependability parameter of flexible direct current power transmission system include：
It sums to the failure rate and the repair rate, obtains first and value；
The failure rate and described first and the ratio of value are calculated, the effective percentage is obtained.
5. a kind of detection device of flexible direct current power transmission system, which is characterized in that including：
Acquiring unit, failure rate for obtaining the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected and/or is repaiied
Multiple rate, wherein the failure rate is for indicating the frequency that the engineering element breaks down, and the repair rate is for indicating described
Engineering element break down after reparation rate；
Computing unit, for according to the failure rate and/or the repair rate, obtaining the flexible DC power transmission system to be detected
The dependability parameter of system, the dependability parameter are used to indicate the performance indicator of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected；
Determination unit, for according to the dependability parameter, determining the maintenance frequency of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected
Rate；
The acquiring unit obtains the engineering element for including in flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected for executing following steps
Failure rate：Create sample set, wherein the usage time comprising sample engineering element and the use in the sample set
Time corresponding sample failure rate；According to the usage time and the sample failure rate, the sample engineering element is obtained
Failure rate indicatrix；According to the usage time of the failure rate indicatrix and the engineering element, the work is determined
The failure rate of journey element.
6. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the dependability parameter includes the mean down time；
Wherein, the computing unit is for executing following steps according to the failure rate and/or the preset engineering member
The repair rate of part obtains the dependability parameter of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected：
The inverse for calculating the failure rate obtains the mean down time.
7. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the dependability parameter includes average time for repair of breakdowns；
Wherein, the computing unit is for executing following steps according to the failure rate and/or the preset engineering member
The repair rate of part obtains the dependability parameter of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected：
The inverse for calculating the repair rate, obtains average time for repair of breakdowns.
8. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the dependability parameter includes effective percentage；
Wherein, the computing unit is for executing following steps according to the failure rate and/or the preset engineering member
The repair rate of part obtains the dependability parameter of the flexible direct current power transmission system to be detected：
It sums to the failure rate and the repair rate, obtains first and value；
The failure rate and described first and the ratio of value are calculated, the effective percentage is obtained.
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| CN111049128B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-04-27 | 浙江大学 | Power system reliability improving method considering load prediction power utilization influence |
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