CN105651372A - Sound velocity measurement method using multi-carrier frequency signals - Google Patents

Sound velocity measurement method using multi-carrier frequency signals Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105651372A
CN105651372A CN201511024932.0A CN201511024932A CN105651372A CN 105651372 A CN105651372 A CN 105651372A CN 201511024932 A CN201511024932 A CN 201511024932A CN 105651372 A CN105651372 A CN 105651372A
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velocity
dimension
carrier frequency
sound
distance
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CN105651372B (en
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刘雄厚
孙超
杨益新
卓颉
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves

Abstract

The present invention provides a sound velocity measurement method using multi-carrier frequency signals. The method includes the following steps that: a single emitting array element is utilized to emit multi-carrier frequency signals, a single receiving array element acquires the signals and extracts signal components on different carrier frequencies, so that different phase delay which is generated after the signal components corresponding to the different carrier frequencies are transmitted by the same distance can be obtained; and the extracted signal components on the plurality of carrier frequencies are utilized to construct a covariance matrix, a two-dimensional weighted vector is designed along a distance dimension and a sound velocity dimension; the weighted vector is utilized to perform two-dimensional scanning on the covariance matrix along the distance dimension and the sound velocity dimension, so that a two-dimensional output result in the distance dimension and the sound velocity dimension is obtained; and the peak value of the two-dimensional output result is searched, and a sound velocity value at the peak value is extracted and is adopted as a sound velocity measurement result. With the method of the invention adopted, the distance of sound transmission is not required to be known accurately, and the time of the sound transmission is not required to be known either, and a high-accuracy measuring result which is close to a true sound velocity value can be obtained.

Description

A kind of sonic velocity measurement method using multi-carrier frequency signals
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sonic velocity measurement method.
Background technology
The velocity of sound is one of important parameter in working process of underwater sound under water, and the performance of underwater sound is had material impact. Owing to the velocity of sound can change with the difference of temperature, pressure and salinity etc. Therefore, accurately measure sound velocity in seawater, it is one of the prerequisite that can effectively work of underwater sound.
At present, method for acoustic velocity measutement under water mainly contains indirect inspection method and direct measurement. Indirect inspection method be exactly by measure the parameter such as water temperature, saltiness and pressure, and utilize experimental formula to converse the velocity of sound (Chen Jian. based on the sound velocity in seawater method of measuring of signal phase difference. National University of Defense technology's Master's thesis, 2011.). Direct measurement directly measures the physical quantity relevant to the velocity of sound, by certain transformational relation directly obtain acoustic velocity value (Chen Jian. based on the sound velocity in seawater method of measuring of signal phase difference. National University of Defense technology's Master's thesis, 2011.).
One of conventional direct measurement is time difference method. Time difference method measures the time of sound wave propagate in known distance, and utilizes distance to try to achieve the velocity of sound divided by the time. Therefore, time difference method needs accurately to know sound propagation Distance geometry ultrasonic transmission time. If estimated distance exists error, or synchronous error causes timing error, and the measured velocity of sound can be caused to there is bigger error.
Summary of the invention
In order to the acoustic velocity measutement error that the method for getting over jet lag causes because of distance error and time synchronization error, the present invention proposes a kind of method utilizing multi-carrier frequency signals to carry out real-time acoustic velocity measutement, multi-carrier frequency signals is utilized to have the feature of different phase shift after propagating same distance, build the covariance matrix of multi-carrier frequency signals, add weight vector along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension design two dimension simultaneously and scan, extract acoustic velocity value by the peak value searched in two-dimensional scan result.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems comprises the following steps:
1) taking single reception array element as true origin, single transmitting array element is positioned at distance r0Place, launches array element and launches multi-carrier frequency signals, and described multi-carrier frequency signals is made up of the single-frequency signal that L has different frequency, and its frequency is L �� 1 dimensional vector f, f = f 1 f 2 . . . f L , Wherein, flIt it is the frequency values on the l carrier frequency;
Receive the multi-carrier frequency signals described in array element collection, extract the discrete frequency component on L carrier frequency X = x 1 x 2 . . . x L , Wherein, xlFor the discrete frequency component on the l carrier frequency extracting;
Phase delay in L discrete frequency component a ( r 0 ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r 0 c 0 ) , Wherein, c0For the true value of the velocity of sound;
2) utilize L discrete frequency component X to build L �� L and tie up covariance matrix R=XXH;
Designed distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension two-dimensional scan vector a ( r , c ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r c ) , Wherein, r is the distance value of change, and c is the acoustic velocity value of change;
Utilize Capon method to build two dimension and add weight vectorWherein, R-1For the inverse matrix of covariance matrix R; Two-dimensional scan is carried out, corresponding Output rusults b (r, c)=w along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimensionH(r, c) Rw (r, c); The peak value that the upper two-dimensional scan of detection range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension exports, extracts the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, obtains acoustic velocity measutement result.
Described step 2) Capon method processes to substitute can also to utilize MUSIC method, first covariance matrix R is carried out feature decomposition during process, obtains the matrix u that proper vector corresponding to noise subspace formsN, the then two dimension output in computed range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimensionThe peak value that the upper two-dimensional scan of detection range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension exports, extracts the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, obtains acoustic velocity measutement result.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: do not need accurately to know sound propagation distance, also do not need the time accurately knowing sound propagation, it is possible to obtain the high precision measuring result close with true acoustic velocity value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 launches array element and receives the coordinate schematic diagram of array element when carrying out acoustic velocity measutement;
Fig. 2 is the schema of key step in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schema of the signal acquisition acoustic velocity measutement result that process gathers;
Fig. 4 is the frequency spectrum figure of multi-carrier frequency signals in embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the result schematic diagram adopting Capon method in the present invention, wherein, a () is the distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension two-dimensional scan result that in the use the present invention in embodiment, Capon method obtains, (b) is the result that the two-dimensional scan result that in the present invention, Capon method obtains projects toward velocity of sound dimension;
Fig. 6 is the result schematic diagram adopting MUSIC method in the present invention, wherein, a () is the distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension two-dimensional scan result that in the use the present invention in embodiment, MUSIC method obtains, (b) is the result that the two-dimensional scan result that in the present invention, MUSIC method obtains projects toward velocity of sound dimension;
Fig. 7 is the acoustic velocity measutement Comparative result figure of MUSIC method in Capon method and the present invention in traditional time difference method, present method in 10 replicate measurements in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described, and the present invention comprises but is not limited only to following embodiment.
The main contents of the present invention have:
1. adopt single transmitting array element and single reception array element. Single transmitting array element launches the equal multi-carrier frequency signals of adjacent frequency difference, and single reception array element gathers this signal.
2. utilize the multi-carrier frequency signals gathered to build covariance matrix, build two dimension along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension and add weight vector, scan along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension simultaneously, obtain the two dimension output of distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension. Search for the peak value that this two dimension exports, using the acoustic velocity value of correspondence as acoustic velocity measutement value.
3. given the acoustic velocity measutement result of method in traditional time difference method and the present invention by computer numerical emulation, demonstrate, with this, the acoustic velocity measutement result that institute of the present invention extracting method can obtain more high precision under the prerequisite that distance error and time error exist.
The technical solution used in the present invention can be divided into following 2 steps:
1) utilizing single transmitting array element to launch multi-carrier frequency signals, single reception array element gathers this signal, extracts the signal component on different carrier frequency. Owing to having frequency difference between carrier frequency, different signal component corresponding to carrier frequency can produce different phase delay after propagating same distance.
2) utilize the frequency component on the multiple carrier frequency extracted to build covariance matrix, add weight vector along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension design two dimension. Use this to add weight vector, along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension, covariance matrix is carried out two-dimensional scan, obtain distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension two dimension Output rusults. Search for the peak value of this two dimension Output rusults, extract the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, and in this, as acoustic velocity measutement result.
Do to illustrate in detail to each step of the present invention below:
Step 1) involved by particular content as follows:
If single reception array element is positioned at true origin, single transmitting array element is positioned at distance r0Place, as shown in Figure 1, wherein square frame is for launching array element for its coordinate schematic diagram, and circle is for receiving array element. Launch array element and launch multi-carrier frequency signals. This multi-carrier frequency signals is made up of the single-frequency signal that L has different frequency, and its frequency is L �� 1 dimensional vector f:
f = f 1 f 2 . . . f L - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, flBe l (l=1,2 ..., L) and frequency values on individual carrier frequency.
Receive array element and gather this signal, and from signal, extract the discrete frequency component on L carrier frequency. If L the discrete frequency component extracted is X, can represent and it is:
X = x 1 x 2 . . . x L - - - ( 2 )
Wherein, xlFor extract l (l=1,2 ..., L) and discrete frequency component on individual carrier frequency.
Owing to the propagation distance of multi-carrier frequency signals is r0, thus the phase delay in L discrete frequency component, a (r0), the complex exponential form that can be expressed as:
a ( r 0 ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r 0 c 0 ) - - - ( 3 )
Wherein, c0For the true value of the velocity of sound.
Step 2) involved by particular content as follows:
L �� L ties up covariance matrix R to build to utilize L the discrete frequency component X that formula (2) extracts, that is:
R=XXH(4)
Illuminated (3) the designed distance peacekeeping velocity of sound is tieed up two-dimensional scan vector a (r, c), that is:
a ( r , c ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r c ) - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, r is the distance value of change, and c is the acoustic velocity value of change.
Utilize Capon method to build following two dimension and add weight vector:
w ( r , c ) = R - 1 a ( r , c ) a H ( r , c ) R - 1 a ( r , c ) - - - ( 6 )
Wherein, R-1For the inverse matrix of covariance matrix R, []HRepresent conjugate transpose. Utilizing formula (6) to carry out two-dimensional scan along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension, corresponding Output rusults can represent and is:
B (r, c)=wH(r,c)Rw(r,c)(7)
In addition, it is also possible to utilize MUSIC method to process. First covariance matrix R is carried out feature decomposition, obtain the matrix u that proper vector corresponding to noise subspace formsN, the two dimension output being simultaneously calculated as follows in distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension:
b ( r , c ) = 1 a H ( r , c ) u N [ a H ( r , c ) u N ] H - - - ( 8 )
Formula (7) and formula (8) all represent the result carrying out two-dimensional scan along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension. In scanning process, as the parameter (r, c) in scan vector and real parameter (r0,c0) in correspondence time, the strongest output can be obtained. Therefore, the peak value exported by the upper two-dimensional scan of detection range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension, and extract the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, just can obtain the acoustic velocity measutement result of institute's extracting method in the present invention.
The main flow of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, utilizes idiographic flow that multi-carrier frequency signals carries out acoustic velocity measutement as shown in Figure 3 in the present invention.
For typical acoustic velocity measutement under water, provide the embodiment of the present invention. Embodiment utilizes computer to carry out numerical simulation, checks the effect of institute of the present invention extracting method.
If the true velocity that sound wave is propagated under water is 1490 meters/second.Receiving array element and be positioned at true origin, the distance launching array element and reception array element is 10 meters. Launch array element and launch the signal with L=8 carrier frequency, wherein 8 carrier frequency are respectively 74.65kHz, 74.75kHz, 74.85kHz, 74.95kHz, 75.05kHz, 75.15kHz, 75.25kHz and 75.35kHz, signal pulsewidth is 200 milliseconds, and corresponding frequency spectrum is as shown in Figure 4. Receiving end sample frequency is set to 225kHz, receives power signal-to-noise ratio and is set to 20dB, and institute's plus noise is white Gaussian noise, adopts band level definition noise level. Owing to out of true knows the true value of distance, only know that distance is probably about 10 meters, therefore range sweep scope is set to 8 meters to 12 meters. Meanwhile, the time synchronization error launching end and receiving end is set to 0.1 millisecond. In addition, velocity of sound sweep limit is set to from 1480 meters/second to 1500 meters/second.
Sampled signal is processed by the flow process according to Fig. 3, obtains the result of method in the present invention, respectively as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Wherein, Fig. 5 is the result adopting Capon method in the inventive method, and Fig. 6 is the result adopting MUSIC method in the inventive method. From Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 6 (a) it will be seen that Capon method and MUSIC method in the present invention can form peak value in the real Distance geometry velocity of sound. Fig. 5 (b) and Fig. 6 (b) is the result carrying out two-dimensional scan result toward velocity of sound dimension projecting, and therefrom the Capon method in known the present invention and MUSIC method all define peak value on the position of the true velocity of sound.
In order to contrast, give the acoustic velocity measutement result of traditional time difference method. The distance that acoustic velocity value measured by time difference method equals sound propagation divided by the time used (Chen Jian. based on the sound velocity in seawater method of measuring of signal phase difference. National University of Defense technology's Master's thesis, 2011.). Time difference method needs known sound propagation Distance geometry ultrasonic transmission time, but the exact value of Distance geometry time is all estimate, therefore, time difference method middle distance and the estimated value of time exist error. In order to embody this effect, set in simulations the distance value in traditional time difference method meet average as 10, variance be 2.5 �� 10-5Gaussian distribution; If it is 6.7114 �� 10 that the time value in traditional time difference method meets average-3, variance be 8.359070939180712 �� 10-37Gaussian distribution. Acoustic velocity measutement emulation experiment is repeated 10 times, all uses the Capon method in traditional time difference method, the present invention and the MUSIC method in the present invention to process every time. The result that 10 times are measured is as shown in Figure 7. In Fig. 7, Capon method in the inventive method and the acoustic velocity measutement result of MUSIC method are near true value (1490 meter/second), and the mean value that its 10 times are measured is 1490.02 meters/second; Traditional time difference method is owing to being subject to the impact of Distance geometry time error, and 10 observed value disturbances are relatively big, and the mean value that its 10 times are measured is 1490.212 meters/second. From the result of Fig. 7 it will be seen that Capon method the inventive method and MUSIC method are by the impact of distance error and time error, obtain acoustic velocity measutement result more accurate than traditional time difference method.
According to embodiment, it is possible to think that the method utilizing multi-carrier frequency signals to carry out acoustic velocity measutement proposed in the present invention is feasible.

Claims (2)

1. one kind uses the sonic velocity measurement method of multi-carrier frequency signals, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) taking single reception array element as true origin, single transmitting array element is positioned at distance r0Place, launches array element and launches multi-carrier frequency signals, and described multi-carrier frequency signals is made up of the single-frequency signal that L has different frequency, and its frequency is L �� 1 dimensional vector f, f = f 1 f 2 . . . f L , Wherein, flIt it is the frequency values on the l carrier frequency;
Receive the multi-carrier frequency signals described in array element collection, extract the discrete frequency component on L carrier frequency X = x 1 x 2 . . . x L , Wherein, xlFor the discrete frequency component on the l carrier frequency extracting;
Phase delay in L discrete frequency component a ( r 0 ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r 0 c 0 ) , Wherein, c0For the true value of the velocity of sound;
2) utilize L discrete frequency component X to build L �� L and tie up covariance matrix R=XXH;
Designed distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension two-dimensional scan vector a ( r , c ) = exp ( - j 2 π f 1 f 2 . . . f L r c ) , Wherein, r is the distance value of change, and c is the acoustic velocity value of change;
Utilize Capon method to build two dimension and add weight vectorWherein, R-1For the inverse matrix of covariance matrix R; Two-dimensional scan is carried out, corresponding Output rusults b (r, c)=w along distance peacekeeping velocity of sound dimensionH(r, c) Rw (r, c); The peak value that the upper two-dimensional scan of detection range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension exports, extracts the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, obtains acoustic velocity measutement result.
2. the sonic velocity measurement method of use multi-carrier frequency signals according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in, Capon method processes to substitute to utilize MUSIC method, first covariance matrix R is carried out feature decomposition during process, obtain the matrix u that proper vector corresponding to noise subspace formsN, the then two dimension output in computed range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension b ( r , c ) = 1 a H ( r , c ) u N [ a H ( r , c ) u N ] H ; The peak value that the upper two-dimensional scan of detection range peacekeeping velocity of sound dimension exports, extracts the acoustic velocity value at peak value place, obtains acoustic velocity measutement result.
CN201511024932.0A 2015-12-31 2015-12-31 A kind of sonic velocity measurement method using multi-carrier frequency signals Expired - Fee Related CN105651372B (en)

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