CN105648257A - Continuous hot isostatic pressure dipping method for preparing large-size carbon and copper composite materials - Google Patents

Continuous hot isostatic pressure dipping method for preparing large-size carbon and copper composite materials Download PDF

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CN105648257A
CN105648257A CN201511021546.6A CN201511021546A CN105648257A CN 105648257 A CN105648257 A CN 105648257A CN 201511021546 A CN201511021546 A CN 201511021546A CN 105648257 A CN105648257 A CN 105648257A
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carbon
copper
hot isostatic
copper alloy
composite material
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CN105648257B (en
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陈宏霞
陈明礼
李阳
张福堂
吴爽
张德明
任志禄
孙永生
叶青
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Gangyan Haopu Technology Co ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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New Metallurgy Hi Tech Group Co Ltd
China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/04Casting by dipping
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1073Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域,特别是涉及一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法。该方法首先是在真空条件下将纯铜或铜合金锭在坩埚中加热融化,将多孔碳材料浸入纯铜或铜合金熔液中,加压后并保压一段时间从熔液中提出即得浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料;热等静压浸渍设备设计成可在热态下开炉,一方面可将浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料从上出料口取出,重新准备待浸渍的碳材料,另一方面可在下进料口补充纯铜或铜合金锭,满足连续浸渍的要求。本发明能够满足纯铜或铜合金锭的熔化温度要求,能够满足大尺寸、厚壁碳铜复合材料产品的快速浸渍,浸渍的均匀性优异可连续化作业,生产效率高,避免冷却后取料,且无需机械加工。The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials. The method first heats and melts pure copper or copper alloy ingots in a crucible under vacuum conditions, immerses porous carbon materials in pure copper or copper alloy melts, pressurizes and holds the pressure for a period of time, and lifts them out of the melt. The impregnated carbon-copper composite material; the hot isostatic pressing impregnation equipment is designed to open the furnace in a hot state. On the one hand, the impregnated carbon-copper composite material can be taken out from the upper discharge port, and the carbon material to be impregnated can be prepared again. On the other hand, pure copper or copper alloy ingots can be supplemented at the lower feed port to meet the requirements of continuous impregnation. The invention can meet the melting temperature requirements of pure copper or copper alloy ingots, can meet the rapid impregnation of large-size, thick-walled carbon-copper composite products, has excellent uniformity of impregnation, can be operated continuously, has high production efficiency, and avoids material removal after cooling , without machining.

Description

一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法A continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials

技术领域technical field

本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域,特别是涉及一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials.

背景技术Background technique

碳铜复合材料具有优良的导电、导热、耐磨损、高强度、自润滑和耐腐蚀性能,而被广泛地用作滑动导电的电接触材料,现代电气化铁路,特别是高速铁路弓网系统中的受电弓滑板、发电机电动机中的导电碳刷、滑动电触头等都是由碳铜复合材料制成。Carbon-copper composite materials have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, high strength, self-lubrication and corrosion resistance, and are widely used as sliding conductive electrical contact materials, modern electrified railways, especially high-speed railway pantograph-catenary systems Advanced pantograph slides, conductive carbon brushes in generator motors, sliding electrical contacts, etc. are all made of carbon-copper composite materials.

随着碳铜复合材料的性能不断改进,其应用领域越来越广,对碳铜复合材料的性能、尺寸及形状提出更高要求,促使了碳铜复合材料制备工艺的改进。热等静压浸渍是目前制备碳铜复合材料的先进工艺,在高速铁路弓网系统受电弓滑板中已有少量应用,但仍存在一些问题:With the continuous improvement of the performance of carbon-copper composite materials, its application fields are becoming wider and wider, and higher requirements are put forward for the performance, size and shape of carbon-copper composite materials, which promotes the improvement of the preparation process of carbon-copper composite materials. Hot isostatic pressing impregnation is currently an advanced process for preparing carbon-copper composite materials. It has been used in a small amount in pantograph slides of high-speed railway pantograph-catenary systems, but there are still some problems:

1)浸渍压力较低,对于壁厚较厚的产品,浸渍深度难以满足要求,如中国专利号No.201010106908.2的发明专利提供了一种铜/石墨复合材料及其制造方法,浸渍时的压力为60~80MPa;1) The impregnation pressure is low. For products with thicker walls, the impregnation depth is difficult to meet the requirements. For example, the invention patent of Chinese Patent No. 201010106908.2 provides a copper/graphite composite material and its manufacturing method. The impregnation pressure is 60~80MPa;

2)无法连续生产,效率低、成本高,如中国专利号No.200710158757.3的发明专利提供了一种炭石墨热等静压浸银工艺,需要在热等静压浸渍完成后冷却至100℃以下出炉,且银熔液凝固后包裹在炭基体周围,需要通过机械加工处理才能得到产品。因此,为了适应各行业对大尺寸、低成本碳铜复合材料的高性能要求,需对热等静压浸渍工艺进行改进。2) Continuous production is impossible, with low efficiency and high cost. For example, the invention patent of Chinese Patent No. 200710158757.3 provides a carbon graphite hot isostatic pressing silver immersion process, which needs to be cooled to below 100°C after the hot isostatic pressing is completed. Out of the furnace, and the silver melt is solidified and wrapped around the carbon matrix, which requires mechanical processing to obtain the product. Therefore, in order to meet the high-performance requirements of large-scale, low-cost carbon-copper composite materials in various industries, the hot isostatic pressing impregnation process needs to be improved.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的低成本、连续化热等静压浸渍方法,解决浸渍压力较低、难以满足厚壁产品浸渍完全,以及无法连续生产、效率低的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost, continuous hot isostatic pressing impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials, which solves the problems of low impregnation pressure, difficulty in satisfying complete impregnation of thick-walled products, and inability to continue production and low efficiency. question.

为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

本发明提供一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法,包括如下步骤:The invention provides a continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials, comprising the following steps:

(1)原料准备:碳铜复合材料的化学成分按体积百分比为:碳75~85%、其余为铜或铜合金;(1) Raw material preparation: the chemical composition of the carbon-copper composite material is: carbon 75-85%, the rest is copper or copper alloy;

(2)将铜或铜合金放置在坩埚中,抽真空,升温至使铜或铜合金充分熔化;(2) Copper or copper alloy is placed in the crucible, evacuate, heat up to make copper or copper alloy fully melt;

(3)待铜或铜合金完全熔化后,通入氩气控制浸渍压力,温度稳定后利用工装将待浸渍的碳材料浸入熔液中;(3) After the copper or copper alloy is completely melted, argon gas is introduced to control the impregnation pressure, and after the temperature is stabilized, the carbon material to be impregnated is immersed in the melt by means of tooling;

(4)将浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料从熔液中提出,并从上出料口取出即得碳铜复合材料产品;(4) Propose the carbon-copper composite material that has been impregnated from the melt, and take it out from the upper discharge port to obtain the carbon-copper composite material product;

(5)根据坩埚内的剩余熔液量合理添加铜或铜合金锭,即可连续生产碳铜复合材料产品。(5) Add copper or copper alloy ingots reasonably according to the amount of remaining melt in the crucible to continuously produce carbon-copper composite products.

该方法适合于高导热、高导电碳/纯铜复合材料及碳/铜合金复合材料的浸渍。The method is suitable for impregnation of carbon/pure copper composite materials and carbon/copper alloy composite materials with high thermal conductivity and high conductivity.

所述铜或铜合金的化学成分按质量百分比为:Cu85~100%、Zn0~15%。The chemical composition of the copper or copper alloy is: Cu85-100%, Zn0-15% by mass percentage.

所述步骤(2)中,抽真空至10~30Pa,升温至1100~1250℃,保温时间为2~3h。In the step (2), vacuumize to 10-30Pa, heat up to 1100-1250° C., and keep warm for 2-3 hours.

所述步骤(3)中,浸渍压力为100~200MPa,保温时间为10~20min;适合于大尺寸、厚壁产品的浸渍。In the step (3), the impregnation pressure is 100-200 MPa, and the holding time is 10-20 minutes; it is suitable for impregnation of large-sized and thick-walled products.

所述方法可在热态下开炉取出浸渍完成的材料及补充铜或铜合金锭,适合于连续化生产。The method can be opened in a hot state to take out impregnated materials and replenish copper or copper alloy ingots, and is suitable for continuous production.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1、浸渍温度高,能够满足纯铜的熔化温度要求,可根据碳铜复合材料产品的导电、导热等性能要求合理选用纯铜或低熔点铜合金;1. The immersion temperature is high, which can meet the melting temperature requirements of pure copper. Pure copper or low-melting copper alloys can be reasonably selected according to the electrical and thermal conductivity of carbon-copper composite products;

2、浸渍压力高,能够满足大尺寸、厚壁碳铜复合材料产品的快速浸渍,浸渍的均匀性优异;2. The impregnation pressure is high, which can meet the rapid impregnation of large-size, thick-walled carbon-copper composite products, and the uniformity of impregnation is excellent;

3、便于连续化生产,通过可热态开炉的设计,能够实现在浸渍温度下开炉的功能,从上出料口取出浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料,并将待浸渍的碳材料装入炉中,无需冷却后取料,无需机械加工处理;从下进料口补充纯铜或铜合金锭,即可实现浸渍工序的连续化作业。3. It is convenient for continuous production. Through the design of the furnace that can be opened in a hot state, the function of opening the furnace at the impregnation temperature can be realized. The impregnated carbon-copper composite material is taken out from the upper discharge port, and the carbon material to be impregnated is loaded into it. In the furnace, there is no need to take the material after cooling, and there is no need for mechanical processing; the continuous operation of the impregnation process can be realized by replenishing pure copper or copper alloy ingots from the lower feeding port.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

本发明的制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法,首先是在真空条件下将纯铜或铜合金锭在坩埚中加热融化,然后通入氩气至炉内压力达到100~200MPa,将多孔碳材料浸入纯铜或铜合金熔液中,保压一段时间从熔液中取出即得浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料;热等静压浸渍设备设计成可在热态下开炉,一方面可将浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料从上出口取出,重新准备待浸渍的碳材料,另一方面可在下进料口补充纯铜或铜合金锭,满足连续浸渍的要求。The continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials of the present invention firstly heats and melts pure copper or copper alloy ingots in a crucible under vacuum conditions, and then feeds argon gas until the pressure in the furnace reaches 100 ~200MPa, immerse the porous carbon material in the pure copper or copper alloy melt, hold the pressure for a period of time and take it out of the melt to obtain the impregnated carbon-copper composite material; the hot isostatic pressing impregnation equipment is designed to be opened in a hot state On the one hand, the impregnated carbon-copper composite material can be taken out from the upper outlet, and the carbon material to be impregnated can be re-prepared; on the other hand, pure copper or copper alloy ingots can be added to the lower inlet to meet the requirements of continuous impregnation.

本发明提供一种制备大尺寸碳铜复合材料的连续化热等静压浸渍方法,包括如下步骤:The invention provides a continuous hot isostatic impregnation method for preparing large-scale carbon-copper composite materials, comprising the following steps:

(1)根据产品的导电、导热、耐磨等性能要求合理设计碳铜复合材料的成分及配比,碳铜复合材料的化学成分按体积百分比为:碳75~85%、铜或铜合金15~25%;其中,铜或铜合金的化学成分按质量百分比为:Cu85~100%、Zn0~15%;(1) According to the electrical conductivity, heat conduction, wear resistance and other performance requirements of the product, the composition and proportion of the carbon-copper composite material are reasonably designed. The chemical composition of the carbon-copper composite material is: carbon 75-85%, copper or copper alloy 15% by volume ~25%; Among them, the chemical composition of copper or copper alloy is: Cu85~100%, Zn0~15% by mass percentage;

(2)将铜或铜合金放置在坩埚中,抽真空至10~30Pa,升温至1100~1250℃,保温2~3h使铜或铜合金充分熔化;(2) Place the copper or copper alloy in the crucible, evacuate to 10-30Pa, heat up to 1100-1250°C, and keep warm for 2-3 hours to fully melt the copper or copper alloy;

(3)待铜或铜合金完全熔化后,通入氩气至炉内压力为100~200MPa,温度稳定后利用工装将待浸渍的碳材料浸入熔液中,保温10~20min;(3) After the copper or copper alloy is completely melted, argon gas is introduced until the pressure in the furnace is 100-200MPa. After the temperature is stable, the carbon material to be impregnated is immersed in the melt with tooling and kept for 10-20 minutes;

(4)将浸渍完成的碳铜复合材料从熔液中提出,并从上出料口取出即得碳铜复合材料产品;(4) Propose the carbon-copper composite material that has been impregnated from the melt, and take it out from the upper discharge port to obtain the carbon-copper composite material product;

(5)根据坩埚内的剩余熔液量合理添加铜或铜合金锭,即可连续生产碳铜复合材料产品。(5) Add copper or copper alloy ingots reasonably according to the amount of remaining melt in the crucible to continuously produce carbon-copper composite products.

实施例1-热等静压浸渍碳/纯铜复合材料Example 1 - HIP impregnated carbon/pure copper composite

1、碳铜复合材料的配比为75%碳、25%纯铜(体积比);1. The ratio of carbon-copper composite material is 75% carbon and 25% pure copper (volume ratio);

2、将纯铜放置在坩埚中,抽真空至10Pa,升温至1250℃,保温3h使纯铜充分熔化;2. Put the pure copper in the crucible, evacuate to 10Pa, heat up to 1250°C, and keep it warm for 3 hours to fully melt the pure copper;

3、待纯铜完全熔化后,通入氩气至炉内压力为200MPa,温度稳定后利用工装将待浸渍的碳材料浸入熔液中,保温10min;3. After the pure copper is completely melted, argon gas is introduced until the pressure in the furnace is 200MPa. After the temperature is stable, the carbon material to be impregnated is immersed in the melt with a tooling and kept for 10 minutes;

4、将浸渍完成的材料从熔液中提出,并从上出料口取出即得碳/纯铜复合材料产品;4. Take the impregnated material out of the melt, and take it out from the upper outlet to get the carbon/pure copper composite product;

5、根据坩埚内的剩余熔液量合理添加纯铜锭,即可连续生产碳/纯铜复合材料产品。5. According to the amount of remaining melt in the crucible, pure copper ingots can be added reasonably, and carbon/pure copper composite products can be continuously produced.

实施例2-热等静压浸渍碳/黄铜复合材料Example 2 - Hot Isostatic Pressing Impregnated Carbon/Brass Composite

1、碳铜复合材料的配比为85%碳、15%铜合金(体积比),铜合金的成分为85%Cu、15%Zn(质量比);1. The ratio of carbon-copper composite material is 85% carbon, 15% copper alloy (volume ratio), and the composition of copper alloy is 85% Cu, 15% Zn (mass ratio);

2、将铜合金放置在坩埚中,抽真空至30Pa,升温至1100℃,保温2h使铜合金充分熔化;2. Put the copper alloy in the crucible, evacuate to 30Pa, heat up to 1100°C, and keep warm for 2 hours to fully melt the copper alloy;

3、待铜合金完全熔化后,通入氩气至炉内压力为100MPa,温度稳定后利用工装将待浸渍的碳材料浸入熔液中,保温20min;3. After the copper alloy is completely melted, argon gas is introduced until the pressure in the furnace is 100MPa. After the temperature is stable, the carbon material to be impregnated is immersed in the melt with tooling and kept for 20 minutes;

4、将浸渍完成的材料从熔液中提出,并从上出料口取出即得碳/黄铜复合材料产品;4. Take the impregnated material out of the melt, and take it out from the upper outlet to get the carbon/brass composite product;

5、根据坩埚内的剩余熔液量合理添加铜合金锭,即可连续生产碳/黄铜复合材料产品。5. Add copper alloy ingots reasonably according to the remaining melt volume in the crucible to continuously produce carbon/brass composite products.

Claims (6)

1. prepare the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method of large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material for one kind, it is characterised in that: the method comprises the steps:
(1) raw material prepare: the chemical composition of carbon-copper material by volume per-cent be: carbon 75��85%, all the other be copper or copper alloy;
(2) copper or copper alloy are placed in crucible, vacuumize, be warming up to and copper or copper alloy are fully melted;
(3) after copper or copper alloy melt completely, lead to into argon pneumatic control impregnation pressure, after temperature-stable, utilize frock to be immersed by carbon material to be impregnated in molten liquid;
(4) carbon-copper material flooded is proposed from molten liquid, and take out and obtain carbon-copper material product from top discharge mouth;
(5) rationally add copper or copper alloy ingot according to the molten liquid measure of the residue in crucible, carbon-copper material product can be produced continuously.
2. the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the method is suitable for the dipping of high heat conduction, High-conductivity carbon/fine copper matrix material and carbon/copper alloy composite material.
3. the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the chemical composition of described copper or copper alloy is by mass percentage: Cu85��100%, Zn0��15%.
4. the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (2), being evacuated to 10��30Pa, be warming up to 1100��1250 DEG C, soaking time is 2��3h.
5. the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), impregnation pressure is 100��200MPa, and soaking time is 10��20min; It is suitable for the dipping of large size, thick wall product.
6. the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described method can take out the material that flooded and supplementation with copper or copper alloy ingot in hot lower blow-on, is suitable for continuous prodution.
CN201511021546.6A 2015-12-31 2015-12-31 A kind of serialization high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) dipping method for preparing large-size carbon carbon/carbon-copper composite material Active CN105648257B (en)

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CN106756190B (en) * 2016-11-21 2019-04-02 新冶高科技集团有限公司 Prepare the serialization hot isostatic pressing dipping method of high impregnation increment composite carbon-copper material
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CN115948672B (en) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-31 宁波坤铜合金材料有限公司 Copper/carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in electric contact material

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