CN105645849A - EPS (expandable polystyrene) improved soil for treating expansive soil slopes and construction method thereof - Google Patents
EPS (expandable polystyrene) improved soil for treating expansive soil slopes and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105645849A CN105645849A CN201610009833.3A CN201610009833A CN105645849A CN 105645849 A CN105645849 A CN 105645849A CN 201610009833 A CN201610009833 A CN 201610009833A CN 105645849 A CN105645849 A CN 105645849A
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- expansive
- foam particles
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 50
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an EPS (expandable polystyrene) improved soil for treating expansive soil slopes and a construction method thereof. The EPS improved soil is prepared by the following step: uniformly stirring 2-4 wt% of polystyrene foam particles, 8-16 wt% of cement and water and 60-80 wt% of excavated expansive soil to form the mixed soil. The EPS improved expansive soil has the advantages of low density, high strength, small swelling-shrinkage deformation, short construction period and the like, can use local materials, can utilize wastes, can effectively solve the problem of destabilization of the expansive soil slopes, and can be widely used in the fields of civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, traffic engineering and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnical engineering technical field, in particular to a kind of the EPS conditioned soil and the constructional method that process expansive soil slope.
Background technology
Swelling soil contains the strongly hydrophilic mineral such as montmorillonite, illite, meets water and can expand softening, and dehydration meeting shrinkage cracking, and its cranny development, character and instability thereof, have the title of " disaster hidden ", " soil that difficulty tackles ". Swelling soil is widely distributed in China, throughout areas such as southwest, northwest, southeastern coast, its periodicity swell-shrinking deformation characteristic brings serious impact to engineering construction, and particularly expansive soil slope is extremely unstable, once generation unstable failure, huge financial loss will be caused.
Owing to failure mechanisms and the general Tu Po of expansive soil slope is not quite similar, it is undesirable that the handle measure of general Tu Po is used for punishing swelling soil slope effect. The method of process expansive soil slope has soil removal and replacement, improvement soil property and pre-immersion etc. at present. Namely soil removal and replacement excavates swelling soil, changes and fills out unexpansive soil or gravel, and this directly changes the material composition of the soil body, reduces effective smectite content, weakens or eliminates swelling property, but the method engineering amount is bigger, it is necessary to stop disconnected road, and the swelling soil excavated needs to dispose in addition. Improvement soil property is exactly utilize lime, cement or other solidify material by carrying out the improved treatment of swelling soil with the physics chemical action of swelling soil, the latent gesture of swelling soil is reduced to reach, gain in strength and improve the object of water stability, but the shortcoming of this method easily produces shrinkage crack in construction process. Pre-immersion is exactly make soil add water before construction to become wet and expand, and in soil, maintain high-moisture percentage, then soil will remain unchanged substantially, thus structure deteriorate can not be caused, but after construction terminates, the soil body, it is possible to continuation is expanded, causes swell increment to be difficult to control, and the soak time that this method needs is generally 1-2 month, should use and delay the duration.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of the EPS conditioned soil and the constructional method that process expansive soil slope, the EPS stabilized expansive soil of the present invention has that density is little, intensity height, swell-shrinking deformation are little, the construction duration is short, can gather materials on the spot and can utilize the advantages such as waste. Can effectively improve swelling soil intensity on the one hand, solve the swell-shrinking deformation problem of swelling soil; On the other hand, the EPS stabilized expansive soil weight of backfill side slope is light and self-support is good, can reduce the sliding force of side slope, thus ensure the stability of expansive soil slope.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of EPS conditioned soil processing expansive soil slope, polystyrene foam particles, the swelling soil excavated, cement and water are stirred by a certain percentage and evenly forms composite soil, the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 2%-4%, 8%-16%, 60%-80%.
The eps foam particle used can be the waste polystyrene packaging foam beads of the polystyrene foam particles of pre-frothing or pulverizing.
The eps foam grain diameter used is 1-5mm, and packing density of particle is 0.01-0.02g/cm3, pure pellet density is 0.02-0.03g/cm3��
Term of the present invention " packing density of particle " refers to that particle is under natural packing state, the quality that unit volume has; Term of the present invention " pure pellet density " refers to the ratio of granular mass with the volume shared by particle.
In the EPS conditioned soil of described process expansive soil slope, the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is preferably 4%, 16%, 80% respectively.
In the EPS conditioned soil of described process expansive soil slope, the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is preferably 4%, 12%, 70% respectively.
Utilize the constructional method of described EPS conditioned soil process expansive soil slope, to be avoided rainy season and strong wind weather during site operation, comprise following construction procedure:
1) swelling soil is excavated;
2) by proportioning, the swelling soil excavated, water and cement are put into stirrer for mixing to stir, until forming the slurry body of evenly flowing;
3) in slurry body, add the eps foam particle needed for proportioning, continue to stir evenly formation EPS stabilized expansive soil;
4) the part expansive soil slope EPS stabilized expansive soil excavated is carried out backfill pouring construction;
5) making real with digging machine scraper bowl, not excessive compacting, it is just good to compress, in order to avoid occurring that a large amount of eps foam particle is depressed into the phenomenon of distortion;
6) construction carries out watering moisture-keeping maintaining 7 days after terminating.
Step 1) adopt a point staged excavate swelling soil.
Swelling soil is due to clay minerals such as the montmorillonites strong containing wetting ability, and meeting water can expand, and dehydration can be shunk. Swelling soil adds cement, solidification can be produced and form cement structure and firmly space net structure, thus reduce the crack of swelling soil; Add cement, change double electrical layers, reduce the thickness of Bound moisture film, reduce the surfactivity of clay mineral, weaken swelling soil moisture absorption water-holding power, thus reduce the hydrophilic ability of swelling soil and relax the swell-shrink characteristic of swelling soil; Eps foam particle Young's modulus is little, and elasticity distortion scope is big, and during swelling soil water-swelling, eps foam particle elastic compression can absorb energy, eps foam particle resilience release energy again during dehydration shrinkage, thus macroscopically weakens the swell-shrink characteristic even eliminating swelling soil; Owing to adding the eps foam particle of lightweight, having replaced part soil particle, the EPS stabilized expansive soil of formation is used for side slope backfill soil, can alleviate loading, reduces sliding force, thus reduces the risk on landslide. Described EPS stabilized expansive soil has that density is little, intensity height, swell-shrinking deformation are little, the construction duration is short, can gather materials on the spot, can utilize the advantages such as waste, can effectively solve the destabilization problems of expansive soil slope, the engineering fields such as building, water conservancy and traffic can be widely used in.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the EPS stabilized expansive soil made, density is much smaller compared with swelling soil, therefore can alleviate side slope loading, strengthens slope stability;
(2) the EPS stabilized expansive soil made, owing to the addition of cement, it is possible to changes the internal structure of swelling soil, and forms cement structure and space net structure, thus alleviates the swell-shrink characteristic of swelling soil;
(3) EPS stabilized expansive soil is shaped fast, can greatly shorten the duration;
(4) eps foam particle can adopt waste polystyrene packaging foam, it is possible to utilization of waste material, meets the theory of Sustainable development;
(5) making of EPS stabilized expansive soil can be gathered materials on the spot, make full use of may abandon swelling soil, EPS conditioned soil technology can significantly reduce degree of free swelling and the density of swelling soil.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The expansive soil slope schematic diagram of Fig. 1-pending;
The EPS conditioned soil of Fig. 2-process expansive soil slope is built the road the schematic diagram that bankets;
Wherein, 1-ground, the 2-expansion soil body, 3-slope retaining structure, 4-EPS conditioned soil.
Embodiment
Below to process expansive soil slope (see figure 1), set forth concrete constructional method, it is the concrete explanation to the present invention, it should not regard limitation of the invention as.
Embodiment 1
Process an EPS conditioned soil for expansive soil slope, the swelling soil excavated, water and cement are put into Stabilized Soil amalgamator and is fully uniformly mixed, form the slurry body of evenly flowing; Eps foam particle is added to and stirs in uniform slurry body, continue stirring and evenly obtain EPS stabilized expansive soil; The eps foam grain diameter that the present embodiment adopts is 1-5mm, and packing density of particle is 0.01-0.02g/cm3, pure pellet density is 0.02-0.03g/cm3. Described EPS polystyrene foam particles is the polystyrene foam particles of pre-frothing.
The degree of free swelling decrement of test proportioning and EPS stabilized expansive soil (note: the per-cent that degree of free swelling corresponding when degree of free swelling decrement refers to compare untreated swelling soil with density reduction rate and density reduce) as shown in table 1 with density reduction rate. As can be seen from the table, EPS conditioned soil technology can significantly reduce degree of free swelling and the density of swelling soil.
Table 1 degree of free swelling decrement and density reduction rate
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, described swelling soil is the swelling soil that side slope is excavated; Cement is intensity is the silicate cement of 42.5MPa; Eps foam particle is the polystyrene foam particles of pre-frothing, and grain diameter is 1-5mm, and packing density of particle is 0.01-0.02g/cm3, pure pellet density is 0.02-0.03g/cm3��
Construction machinery has 1 PC200 digging machine and 1 300t/h continous way Stabilized Soil amalgamator.
The EPS conditioned soil of process expansive soil slope, even formation is stirred in proportion by polystyrene foam particles, swelling soil, cement and water, wherein the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 2%, 8%, 60%(and polystyrene foam particles 2 parts, cement 8 parts, 60 parts, water, swelling soil 100 parts).
Constructional method is as follows:
Swelling soil is excavated by shown in Fig. 2 point of staged with digging machine; By the construction carrying out slope retaining structure shown in Fig. 2; By proportioning, the swelling soil excavated, water and cement are put into Stabilized Soil amalgamator to be fully uniformly mixed, form the slurry body of evenly flowing; Eps foam particle is added to and stirs in uniform slurry body, continue stirring and evenly obtain EPS stabilized expansive soil; With pump, EPS stabilized expansive soil is sent to operation side, the part expansive soil slope EPS stabilized expansive soil excavated is carried out pouring construction; Making real with digging machine scraper bowl, not excessive compacting, it is just good to compress, in order to avoid occurring that a large amount of eps foam particle is depressed into the phenomenon of distortion; Carry out watering moisture-keeping maintaining 7 days; Carry out the construction of supercrust.
When adopting the proportioning in embodiment, namely the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 2%, and 8%, when 60%, EPS conditioned soil is compared with untreated swelling soil, and degree of free swelling decreases 55.8%, and density decreases 12.2%. Under the prerequisite ensureing composite soil intensity, the side slope in embodiment is compared common expansive soil slope and is had stronger stability.
Claims (7)
1. one kind processes the EPS conditioned soil of expansive soil slope, it is characterized in that, described conditioned soil stirs even formation in proportion by polystyrene foam particles, swelling soil, cement and water, wherein the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 2%-4%, 8%-16%, 60%-80%.
2. a kind of EPS conditioned soil processing expansive soil slope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described polystyrene foam particles particle diameter is 1-5mm, and packing density of particle is 0.01-0.02g/cm3, pure pellet density is 0.02-0.03g/cm3��
3. a kind of EPS conditioned soil processing expansive soil slope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described EPS polystyrene foam particles is the polystyrene foam particles of pre-frothing or the waste polystyrene packaging foam beads of pulverizing.
4. a kind of EPS conditioned soil processing expansive soil slope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 4%, and 16%, 80%.
5. a kind of EPS conditioned soil processing expansive soil slope according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the mass percent of polystyrene foam particles, cement and water and swelling soil is respectively 4%, and 12%, 70%.
6. utilize the constructional method of EPS conditioned soil process expansive soil slope described in any one in claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that, comprise following construction procedure:
1) swelling soil is excavated;
2) by proportioning according to claim 1, the swelling soil excavated, water and cement are put into stirrer for mixing to stir, until forming the slurry body of evenly flowing;
3) in slurry body, add the polystyrene foam particles needed for proportioning, continue to stir evenly formation EPS stabilized expansive soil;
4) the part expansive soil slope EPS stabilized expansive soil excavated is carried out backfill pouring construction;
5) making real compression, construction carries out watering moisture-keeping maintaining 7 days after terminating.
7. the constructional method of EPS conditioned soil according to claim 6 process expansive soil slope, it is characterised in that, step 1) adopt a point staged excavate swelling soil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610009833.3A CN105645849B (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | A kind of EPS conditioned soils and construction method for handling expansive soil slope |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610009833.3A CN105645849B (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | A kind of EPS conditioned soils and construction method for handling expansive soil slope |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105645849A true CN105645849A (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| CN105645849B CN105645849B (en) | 2017-12-01 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110550905A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-12-10 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Whisker-improved expansive soil and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112458816A (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-03-09 | 蓝海建设集团有限公司 | Weak expansion soil roadbed construction process |
| CN113373949A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | Protective structure for expansive soil slope and construction method |
| CN113668502A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-19 | 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 | Method for improving expansive soil |
| CN115159947A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-11 | 中冶成都勘察研究总院有限公司 | Backfill material for foundation trench with improved expansive soil premixing |
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| US9033618B2 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2015-05-19 | American Accutech Ltd. Co. | Effective approach to preventing and remedying distresses in soils and construction materials |
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| CN1385389A (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2002-12-18 | 同济大学 | Light subgrade material and preparation method thereof |
| CN1448356A (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2003-10-15 | 河海大学 | Formed plastic and particle mixed light-weight earth and production method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110550905A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-12-10 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Whisker-improved expansive soil and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112458816A (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-03-09 | 蓝海建设集团有限公司 | Weak expansion soil roadbed construction process |
| CN113373949A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | Protective structure for expansive soil slope and construction method |
| CN113373949B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-07-22 | 上海工程技术大学 | Protective structure for expansive soil slope and construction method |
| CN113668502A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-19 | 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 | Method for improving expansive soil |
| CN115159947A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-11 | 中冶成都勘察研究总院有限公司 | Backfill material for foundation trench with improved expansive soil premixing |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105645849B (en) | 2017-12-01 |
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