CN105628529B - Wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method - Google Patents
Wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105628529B CN105628529B CN201410598486.3A CN201410598486A CN105628529B CN 105628529 B CN105628529 B CN 105628529B CN 201410598486 A CN201410598486 A CN 201410598486A CN 105628529 B CN105628529 B CN 105628529B
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Abstract
It includes: four-way pipe, drilling rod, sand leakage pipe, air compressor that the embodiment of the present invention, which provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method, the system,；Four-way pipe includes the straight pipe and bypass pipe being connected, and the upper end opening of straight pipe is sealed by upper plug head, and lower ending opening is sealed by lower end cap, and cavity is equipped in lower end cap；The drilling rod is arranged inside the straight pipe, and upper end opening and the upper plug head are tightly connected；The upper plug head is equipped with into sand hole and air inlet, air inlet and described is all connected into sand hole with the inside of drilling rod；The sand leakage pipe is arranged inside the drilling rod, for sand grains to be imported the cavity；The air compressor inside pipeline and the drilling rod by being connected to, for directing the air into the cavity.In the present invention, the washed out scene of wellhead equipment is simulated completely, and the data of acquisition can make researcher preferably analyze the real causes for obtaining production scene generation erosion, more be of practical significance to the produced on-site in oil field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration field more particularly to a kind of wellhead equipment erosion simulation systems and method.
Background technique
Currently, the development of gas underbalance well drilling technology is very rapid.Specifically, during gas underbalance well drilling, can go out
Now to wellhead equipment erosion problem.
In the prior art, main in order to which better learning gas under balance pressure drilling is in the process to the erosion problem of wellhead equipment
To illustrate erosion reason using the method for Computer Simulation.For example, passing through gas in computer simulation gas drilling drilling tool
Gas takes rock to the Erosion Mechanism of drilling rod in body Erosion Mechanism and gas drilling.
But studied using the method for this Computer Simulation of the prior art, still have one with actual job environment
Fixed difference can not be determined accurately reliable according to true to provide when actual job production the research of wellhead equipment erosion
Real reason.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system and method, for providing for the research of wellhead equipment erosion
Reliable foundation.
First aspect present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system, comprising: four-way pipe, drilling rod, sand leakage pipe, sky
Air compressor；
The four-way pipe includes the straight pipe and bypass pipe being connected, and the upper end opening of the straight pipe is close by upper plug head
Envelope, lower ending opening are sealed by lower end cap, and cavity is equipped in the lower end cap；
The drilling rod be hollow body, be arranged inside the straight pipe, and the upper end opening of the drilling rod and it is described on
Plug is tightly connected；
The upper plug head is equipped with into sand hole and air inlet, the air inlet and described into sand hole all and in the drilling rod
Portion's connection；
The sand leakage pipe is arranged inside the drilling rod, and the top of the sand leakage pipe is threaded through described into sand hole, uses
In sand grains is imported the cavity；
The air compressor inside pipeline and the drilling rod by being connected to, for directing the air into the cavity, wherein
One end of the pipeline is connect with the exit seal of the air compressor, and the other end of the pipeline is threaded through the air inlet
In, the air and the sand grains in the cavity after mixing along between the straight-through inside pipe wall and the drilling-rod external wall
Annular space rises and is discharged from the opening of the bypass pipe.
As described above, the system also includes: constant feeder and instrument controlling cabinet；
The instrument controlling cabinet, connect with the constant feeder, for controlling in the constant feeder unit time
Sand grains flow；
Constant feeder, the sand grains flow for setting according to the instrument controlling cabinet, passes through the sand leakage pipe for sand grains
It is input in the cavity.
As described above, the horizontal position of the drilling rod bottom opening is lower than the horizontal position of sand leakage bottom of the tube opening.
As described above, one of opening of the bypass pipe is equipped with pressure difference transmitter, the pressure difference transmitter and skin
Trustship connection；
The pressure difference transmitter and Pitot tube measurement obtain the gas flow rate of the bypass pipe opening.
As described above, the pipeline is equipped with the pressure regulator valve for adjusting gas flow and the grease for dry air point
From device.
As described above, the system also includes: cabinet, the cabinet are built-in with grid, and the grid divides the cabinet
It is divided into mutually isolated two parts；
The four-way pipe is placed on the upper surface of the grid, the upper table of the lower surface of the lower end cap and the grid
Face contact.
As described above, the upper surface area of the box portion under the grid is greater than lower surface area；
The lower surface of the cabinet is equipped with opening, and the opening is equipped with openable and closable locking device.
Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method, comprising:
In the cavity for the lower end cap that the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains and air import four-way pipe is tightly connected；
After the sand grains and air mix in the cavity, along the ring between the straight-through inside pipe wall and drilling-rod external wall
Sky rises and is discharged from the bypass tube opening of the four-way pipe；
After preset time period, the wall thickness of the four-way pipe is measured, and by measurement result and the four-way pipe
Original wall thickness be compared.
As described above, the lower end cap that the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains and air are imported four-way pipe is tightly connected is recessed
It is intracavitary, comprising:
The lower end cap being tightly connected according to the straight-through bottom of the tube that pre-set gas flow directs the air into the four-way pipe
In cavity, and the lower end cap being tightly connected the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains imports the four-way pipe according to default sand grains flow
In cavity.
As described above, the method also includes: direct the air into the straight-through bottom of the tube of four-way pipe be tightly connected it is lower stifled
During in the cavity of head, the air is dried.
In the embodiment of the present invention, wellhead equipment erosion simulation system simulates wellhead equipment using entity apparatus completely and is rushed
The scene of erosion, the data of acquisition can make researcher preferably analyze the true original for obtaining production scene generation erosion
Cause is more of practical significance to the produced on-site in oil field.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair
Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system embodiment one provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system embodiment two provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method embodiment one provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of wellhead equipment erosion simulation system embodiment one provided by the invention, and Fig. 2 is the present invention
The structural schematic diagram of the wellhead equipment erosion simulation system embodiment two of offer.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, which includes: four-way pipe 1, drilling rod 2, sand leakage pipe 3 and air compressor 4.Specifically,
Referring to Fig. 2, four-way pipe 1 includes the straight pipe 11 and bypass pipe 12 being connected, and wherein straight pipe 11 is in vertical direction
It is upper that there are upper and lower two openings: upper end opening and lower ending opening；Bypass pipe 12 has the opening of left and right two in the horizontal direction.Directly
The upper end opening of siphunculus 11 is sealed by upper plug head 5, and lower ending opening is sealed by lower end cap 6, wherein is equipped in the lower end cap 6 recessed
Chamber 61.When specific progress simulated experiment, which may be used as mulling room.
Above-mentioned drilling rod 2 is hollow body, is arranged inside straight pipe 11, and the upper end opening of drilling rod and upper plug head 5 seal
Connection.
Above-mentioned upper plug head 5 is equipped with into sand hole 51 and air inlet 52, it is above-mentioned into sand hole 51 and air inlet 52 all with drilling rod 2
Inside connection.
Sand leakage pipe 3 is arranged in the inside of drilling rod 2, and the top of the sand leakage pipe 3 be threaded through it is above-mentioned into sand hole 51, for will
Sand grains imports above-mentioned cavity 61.
Above-mentioned air compressor 4 inside pipeline 41 and drilling rod 2 by being connected to, for directing the air into above-mentioned cavity 61.Tool
Body, one end of pipeline 41 and the exit seal of air compressor connect, and the other end of the pipeline 41 is threaded through above-mentioned air inlet
In 52.After air compressor 4 starts, air can flow in drilling rod 2 along pipeline 41, along 2 inner wall of drilling rod and 3 outer wall of sand leakage pipe
Between gap flow to always in cavity 61.
When experiment, air and sand grains mixed in cavity 61 after along above-mentioned straight pipe 11 inner wall and 2 outer wall of drilling rod it
Between annular space rise and from the opening of bypass pipe 12 be discharged.Specifically, after air and sand grains mix, sand grains can be in the drive of air-flow
Lower rising.
During specific implementation, erosion simulated experiment is carried out using system provided in this embodiment, according to preset flow
Air and sand grains is allowed to flow into mixing in cavity 61, after mixing, sand grains rises under the drive of air-flow, and from the opening of bypass pipe 12
Discharge measures to the wall thickness of four-way pipe 1 and records data, available erosion is to four-way tube wall after the preset period
Caused by influence.
In the present embodiment, it is washed out that wellhead equipment erosion simulation system uses entity apparatus to simulate wellhead equipment completely
Scene, the data of acquisition can make researcher preferably analyze the real causes for obtaining production scene generation erosion, right
The produced on-site in oil field is more of practical significance.
Referring to Fig.1, above system further include: constant feeder 7 and instrument controlling cabinet 8, the instrument controlling cabinet 8 with quantitatively give
Material machine 7 connects, for controlling the sand grains flow in 7 unit time of the constant feeder.Instrument controlling cabinet 8 also give by specified rate simultaneously
Material machine 7 provides electric energy.
Sand grains is input to by constant feeder 7, the sand grains flow for setting according to instrument controlling cabinet 8 by sand leakage pipe 3
In above-mentioned cavity 61.Specifically, the upper end of above-mentioned sand leakage pipe 3 can be tightly connected funnel 31, and constant feeder 7 imports sand grains
In funnel 31, then sand grains imported into cavity 61 along sand leakage pipe 3 and is mixed with air.Wherein, funnel 31 can and leak
Sandpipe 3 is connected through a screw thread.
Specifically, the discharge of sand grains in the unit time, then instrument control are pre-set by above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet 8
Cabinet 8 processed can control constant feeder 7 according to the discharge of sand grains in the pre-set unit time.More specifically, fixed
It measures and is equipped with the gentle feed belt in electronic-weighing day in batcher 7, which can be to the sand grains flowed out in the unit time
It carries out weighing and weight is fed back into instrument controlling cabinet 8, while sand grains is imported by sand leakage pipe 3 by feed belt.Instrument controlling
In the unit time that cabinet 8 feeds back electronic-weighing balance flow out sand grains weight and in the pre-set unit time sand grains stream
Output is compared, using comparison result as the revolving speed according to feed belt in adjustment quantitative batcher 7, thus when controlling unit
The discharge of interior sand grains.
More preferably, it in order to mix sand grains and air preferably, and is discharged by bypass pipe 12, as shown in Fig. 2, above-mentioned brill
The horizontal position of 2 bottom opening of bar be lower than 3 bottom opening of sand leakage pipe horizontal position, i.e., the bottom opening of drilling rod 2 closer to
The bottom of cavity 61.Preferably, the vertical distance of 2 bottom opening of drilling rod and 3 bottom opening of sand leakage pipe is greater than or equal to 1.2 centimetres
(cm), it is less than or equal to 1.8cm to be not limited thereto certainly, it generally, can also be using 1cm or 2cm etc..
Optionally, in order to mix sand grains and air preferably, the horizontal position of above-mentioned 2 bottom opening of drilling rod is lower than described
The vertical distance of the horizontal position of 11 lower ending opening of straight pipe, above-mentioned 2 bottom opening of drilling rod and 11 lower ending opening of straight pipe is big
In or be equal to 2 millimeters (mm), be less than or equal to 7mm, it is preferable that generally by 2 bottom opening of drilling rod and 11 lower ending opening of straight pipe
Vertical distance be set as 5mm.
With continued reference to Fig. 1, one of opening of above-mentioned bypass pipe 12 is equipped with pressure difference transmitter 9, the pressure difference transmitter 9
It is connect with Pitot tube 10, the pressure difference transmitter 9 and Pitot tube 10 are for measuring the gas stream for obtaining above-mentioned 12 opening of bypass pipe
Speed.Specifically, Pitot tube 10 and pressure difference transmitter 9 are flowed successively through from the gas that 12 opening of bypass pipe flows out, Pitot tube 10 is surveyed
Amount obtains the gas flow rate of 12 opening of bypass pipe, is shown by pressure difference transmitter 9, further, the pressure difference transmitter 9
It factually tests and needs regulating gas flow velocity, realize the control to sand grains discharge speed, wherein it is recessed that sand grains discharge speed refers to that sand grains enters
Along the speed of bypass pipe discharge after chamber.Also, by adjusting, value needed for making gas flow rate reach experiment.
The pressure difference transmitter 9 can also be connected with above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet 8, and the air flow velocity that above-mentioned measurement obtains can be with
It is shown on the display screen of pressure difference transmitter 9 simultaneously on the display screen of instrument controlling cabinet 8, experimenter is facilitated to observe data.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, above-mentioned pipeline 41 is equipped with the pressure regulation for adjusting gas flow
Valve 42 and oil water separator 43 for dry air.
Specifically, the air flow velocity pair that experimenter obtains according to above-mentioned pressure difference transmitter 9 and the measurement of Pitot tube 10
Pressure regulator valve 42 is adjusted, to adjust the gas flow in pipeline, so that the gas flow values in 12 exit of bypass pipe reach real
Test needs.
Optionally, in another embodiment, pressure regulator valve 42 can be connected with instrument controlling cabinet 8, by instrument controlling cabinet 8 real
Now to the adjusting of pressure regulator valve 42, manually adjusting for researcher is eliminated.
Oil water separator 43 is mainly the moisture filtered in 4 delivery air of air compressor, prevents air and sand grains from mixing
Afterwards, it causes sand grains to agglomerate, influences experiment effect.
It should be noted that above-mentioned air compressor 4 can be connect with electric switch control cabinet 44, controlled by electric switch
Cabinet 44 controls the switch state of air compressor 4.
It optionally, can also be by 8 groups of electric switch control cabinet 44 and above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet when specifically assembling above system
Dress is integrated, to control various pieces in above system, and recording and storage experimental data.
On the basis of the above embodiments, above system further includes cabinet 14, is equipped with grid 15, the grid in the cabinet 14
15 are divided into cabinet 14 mutually isolated two parts.Above-mentioned four-way pipe 1 is placed on grid 15, specifically, above-mentioned lower end cap 6
Lower surface contacted with the upper surface of grid 15.
Box portion under grid 15 can be used for recycling sand grains, i.e. sand grains passes through after the discharge of the opening of bypass pipe 12
Grid 15 falls into lower box.Cabinet under grid 15 can be set as to funnel-form, i.e., the box portion upper surface under grid
Area is greater than the area of lower surface.
The lower surface of above-mentioned cabinet 14 is equipped with opening 16, and the opening 16 is equipped with openable and closable locking device 17.It opens
After locking device 17, the sand grains recycled in cabinet 14 can flow out under the effect of gravity, facilitate the recycling of sand grains.
The locking device 17 can be set to the partition that can be pushed and pulled, i.e., track is arranged in opening, allows partition along track
Push-and-pull is to realize folding.Certainly, it is not limited thereto.
When specific experiment, entire cabinet 14 can be placed on bracket 18.
System bulk provided in an embodiment of the present invention is smaller, specifically can according to oil field production scene actual device at than
Example reduces, and to be easily installed in laboratory, to make researcher that can complete simulated experiment in the lab, also reduces
Experimental cost.It is tested by above system, acquisition experimental data that can be qualitative and quantitative, acquired experimental data
Also there is more reliable reference value to produced on-site.
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method embodiment one provided by the invention, and this method is by preceding
The system stated in embodiment is completed, as shown in figure 3, this method comprises:
S301, the lower end cap for being tightly connected the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains and air import four-way pipe cavity in.
Specifically, sand grains is input to cavity by sand leakage pipe by above-mentioned constant feeder under the control of instrument controlling cabinet
In.Air is provided by air compressor, imports cavity by pipeline.
After S302, the sand grains and air mix in cavity, along the ring between above-mentioned straight-through inside pipe wall and drilling-rod external wall
Sky rises, and is discharged from the bypass tube opening of above-mentioned four-way pipe.
S303, after preset time period, the wall thickness of above-mentioned four-way pipe is measured, and by measurement result and four-way pipe
Original wall thickness be compared.Thus available weight eroded, researcher can carry out more deep according to weight eroded
Analysis, to study wellhead equipment erosion.
During specific experiment, after preset time period, stop experiment, the measuring point of four-way pipe (such as is bypassed
Pipe) it cuts, and quantitative polishing is carried out to its inner wall, residual wall thickness is observed, under the microscope later to determine in preset time period
Weight eroded.Specifically, weight eroded is equal to original wall thickness and subtracts quantitative polishing thickness, subtracts work as anterior wall thickness again.
For example, table 1 is experiment condition determined by a specific experiment,
Table 1
| Project | Data |
| Four-way tube material | 45# steel |
| Measuring point | Bypass inside pipe wall |
| Sand content | 0.1% |
| Temperature (DEG C) | 20 |
| Gas flow rate (m/s) | 50 |
| Test period (h) | 6/24 |
Specifically, above-mentioned instrument controlling cabinet determines the sand grains flow in the unit time according to preset silt content.
Table 2 be the experiment condition shown in table 1 under, after 6 hours, the experimental data of acquisition,
Table 2
Table 3 be the experiment condition shown in table 1 under, after 24 hours, the experimental data of acquisition,
Table 3
Specifically, horizontal positioned bypass inside pipe wall different location is measured respectively, " 12 points " expressions are above-mentioned in table 2
The inner wall of bypass pipe top position, the inner wall of " 3 points " and " 9 points " the above-mentioned bypass pipe horizontal positions of expression, " 6 points " indicate above-mentioned sides
Siphunculus bottom position.
In the present embodiment, after mixing air and sand grains in cavity, it is discharged from the bypass pipe of four-way pipe, and then survey
Four-way thickness of pipe wall is measured, and is compared with original wall thickness, is obtained in experimentation, the loss of four-way tube wall, to analyze well head
Equipment erosion principle.This experimental data obtained by the way of entity simulation more has reference value, shows to oil field
Field production is more of practical significance.
Further, the lower end cap that the above-mentioned straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains and air are imported four-way pipe is tightly connected it is recessed
It is intracavitary, it is specifically as follows: directs the air into the lower end cap that above-mentioned four-way bottom of the tube is tightly connected according to pre-set gas flow
In cavity, and the lower end cap being tightly connected the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains imports above-mentioned four-way pipe according to default sand grains flow
In cavity.
Preferably, during directing the air into the cavity for the lower end cap that four-way bottom of the tube is tightly connected, by air
It is dried.
This method embodiment is executed by aforementioned system, and it is similar that the realization principle and technical effect are similar, and details are not described herein.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of wellhead equipment erosion analogy method, which is characterized in that be applied to wellhead equipment erosion simulation system, the system
It include: four-way pipe, drilling rod, sand leakage pipe, air compressor；
The four-way pipe includes the straight pipe and bypass pipe being connected, and the upper end opening of the straight pipe is sealed by upper plug head, under
End opening is sealed by lower end cap, and cavity is equipped in the lower end cap；
The drilling rod is hollow body, is arranged inside the straight pipe, and the upper end opening of the drilling rod and the upper plug head
It is tightly connected；
The upper plug head is equipped with into sand hole and air inlet, the air inlet and described is all connected into sand hole with the inside of the drilling rod
It is logical；
The sand leakage pipe is arranged inside the drilling rod, and the top of the sand leakage pipe be threaded through it is described into sand hole, for will
Sand grains imports the cavity；
The air compressor inside pipeline and the drilling rod by being connected to, for directing the air into the cavity, wherein described
One end of pipeline is connect with the exit seal of the air compressor, and the other end of the pipeline is threaded through in the air inlet,
The air and the sand grains in the cavity after mixing along the ring between the straight-through inside pipe wall and the drilling-rod external wall
Sky rises and is discharged from the opening of the bypass pipe；
The described method includes:
In the cavity for the lower end cap that the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains and air import the four-way pipe is tightly connected；
After the sand grains and air mix in the cavity, along the ring between the straight-through inside pipe wall and the drilling-rod external wall
Sky rises and is discharged from the bypass tube opening of the four-way pipe；
After preset time period, the wall thickness of the four-way pipe is measured, and by the original of measurement result and the four-way pipe
Beginning wall thickness is compared.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the straight pipe bottom that sand grains and air are imported to four-way pipe
In the cavity for the lower end cap that portion is tightly connected, comprising:
According to the cavity for the lower end cap that the straight-through bottom of the tube that pre-set gas flow directs the air into the four-way pipe is tightly connected
It is interior, and the cavity for the lower end cap for being tightly connected the straight-through bottom of the tube that sand grains imports the four-way pipe according to default sand grains flow
It is interior.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that further include:
During directing the air into the cavity for the lower end cap that the straight-through bottom of the tube of four-way pipe is tightly connected, by the air
It is dried.
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| CN108776075B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-01-08 | 长江大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating erosion wear of underground drill rod |
| CN109556981B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-11-24 | 常州大学 | Horizontal well double-wall drill pipe system erosion corrosion experimental device and method |
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| CN105628529A (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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