CN105628198A - Electrothermal stack type solar radiation testing device and method of determining constant k-factor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrothermal stack type solar radiation testing device and a method of determining a constant k-factor. The electrothermal stack type solar radiation testing device comprises a pedestal, a mica plate, and at least a group of glass fiber plate assemblies. The pedestal is connected with the mica plate to form a sealing cavity, and the glass fiber plate assemblies are disposed in a sealing cavity. Each group of the glass fiber plate assemblies comprises two parallely-arranged glass fiber plates, and the corresponding end parts of the two glass fiber plates are serially connected together by a connecting line, and the other ends of the glass fiber plates are respectively connected with base point joints disposed on the outer side of the sealing cavity. The glass fiber plates are provided with constantan wires in a bound manner, and a tin-foil plate is disposed on the gap between every two parallely-arranged glass fiber plates. The quantization and refining measurement of the solar radiation intensity can be facilitated, and the radiation intensity of the long-wave radiation in the atmosphere can be measured accurately. Compared to the conventional testing devices, the structure is simple, the integrated size is small, and the assembly is convenient, and in addition, the measuring speed is fast and accurate, and therefore the requirements of various conventional fields on the quantization and refining measurement of the solar radiation can be fully satisfied.

Description

A kind of defining method of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester and often genus k value

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester and often belong to the defining method of k value, being specially the device adopting structure electric heating heap to measure solar radiation.

Background technology

Solar radiation is the main source of earth energy, is air and the motive power of ocean change. In building thermal environments, building energy conservation and active/passive solar building design, all need solar radiation observation data long-term, accurate, thus the observation of solar irradiance is obviously had the meaning of particular importance.

Solar radiation measuring set common on market is in the majority with photoelectric type radiometer. Conventional photoelectric sensor has photodiode, phototriode, silicon solar cell, photovoltaic sensor and photomultiplier tube etc., weak point is that wave-length coverage is narrow, spectral sensitivity is uneven, and the spectral characteristic of sensor does not match with solar radiation spectral distribution, and measurement error is big. Such as patent CN101122522A (a kind of ultraviolet light radiation meter), employing silicon photo-detector; Patent CN2643297Y (high precision spectral radiance luminance meter) adopts 3 plate plane type silicon photodiode detector; Light splitting type radiometer adopts interferometric filter to select wave band, observes the solar radiation total amount in a certain particular range of wavelengths, and its result is limited only to the details in several discrete wavelength, it is impossible to the spectral signature of reflection solar radiation. This three classes radiometer does not have dispersion element due to optical system, detector only one of which Measurement channel (unit), do not possess wavelength resolution function, the signal measured is the integrated value of solar radiation energy in a certain moment instrument effective wavelength range, this integral form radiometer because packet containing quantity of information few, the population distribution situation information of solar spectrum cannot be obtained, the needs that solar radiation is quantified to measure with refinement by current each field can not be met far away.

Occur in that the spectral type solar radiation measuring set adopting dispersion element in recent years, but mostly adopt photomultiplier tube (being called for short PMT) as photodetector. Such as, patent CN201637488U (sunlight spectral measurement system), its photoelectric detector adopts photomultiplier tube, instrument internal utilizes precision mechanical transmission mechanism to realize length scanning, it is thus achieved that spectral distribution information, poor real, system complex, bulky, it is necessary to computer realizes data acquisition, control and display, it is difficult to be suitable for outdoor application occasion. Patent CN101504314A (device for measuring air ultraviolet radiation flux and measuring method thereof), PMT or charge-coupled image sensor (being called for short CCD) is utilized to realize ultraviolet actinometry, its optics receives and is partially disposed in outdoor, spectrogrphs etc. are measured and are partially disposed in indoor, by the measurement process of computer control instrument device, measure system bulk big. When its weak point is to use PMT, needing also exist for mechanical scanning mechanism and obtain wavelength information, measuring speed is slow; With fibre bundle by the transmission of ultraviolet spectra signal to time indoor, it is necessary to very long optical fiber so that ultraviolet signal loss is serious, and the distance of optical fiber is laid and be there is also potential safety hazard, special safeguard procedures. The fibre bundle that this patent adopts uses a plurality of optical fiber to be combined, the rounded distribution of its input end face, and output end face linearly type is distributed, it is difficult to standardization, cost is also significantly high. Patent CN101358878A (transient ultraviolet multi-spectrum radiacmeter) discloses the ultraviolet spectrometer of a kind of spectral signal CCD detection single flash operation adopting computer to be obtained by Cassegrain's optical imaging system through USB interface or stable light source. This instrument configuration plug-in traversing head and computer, the ultraviolet spectra primarily focusing on stroboscopic light sources is measured, and is not appropriate for the quick measurement of the sun whole SPECTRAL REGION moved in outdoor, and can only gather unidirectional light signal. In instrument disclosed in patent CN101943603A (a kind of solar spectral radiation survey meter based on charge-coupled image sensor), although have employed CCD-detector, but its optical coupling system adopts traditional optical element to realize, there is the difficulties such as volume is big, debug complex process, concordance is difficult to ensure that. This instrument adopts cone so that the angle of incident illumination is restricted, and measured wave band is only limitted to ultraviolet region. And opticator does not have defensive shutter, use procedure exists potential safety hazard.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to: for above-mentioned Problems existing, it is provided that the defining method of a kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester that can accurately measure long-wave radiation intensity in air and often genus k value.

It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester, it is characterized in that: include base, mica sheet and least one set glass fibre board component, described base is connected formation one airtight cavity with mica sheet, described glass fibre board component is arranged in airtight cavity, often group glass fibre board component includes two glass mats placed side by side, two glass mat corresponding end are cascaded by connecting line, the other end of said two glass mat respectively with airtight cavity outside basic point joint be connected, described glass mat is banded with constantan line, gap between two glass mats placed side by side is provided above tin-foil plate.

Electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester of the present invention, its described connecting line two ends connect fixing respectively through glass fibre matrix with corresponding glass mat.

Electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester of the present invention, it is coated with layers of copper at described glass mat near the one side of tin-foil plate.

Electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester of the present invention, it is provided with the lobe corresponding with glass mat in described base, and described glass mat is pasted onto in the lobe of correspondence, and described base is high density polyurethane plate.

Electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester of the present invention, it is when described glass fibre board component is two groups or more, two glass mats adjacent in two adjacent groups glass fibre board component are cascaded by connecting line, described connecting line alternative expression is arranged on glass mat two ends, and multiple glass mats are continuous print S shape by connecting line series connection.

A kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester often belongs to the defining method of k value, it is characterised in that: set up the equation of heat balance at plating thermoelectric pile cold spot and focus place:

0=�� (t₂-t₀)F_p-k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

QF=�� (t₁-t₀)F_p+k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

Wherein, q is the radiation (W/) that thermocouple accepts; �� is the heat exchange coefficient (W/ DEG C) on thermocouple surface and environment; F is the projected area () of the illuminated part of thermocouple, and F=rL; The radius of r, L respectively thermocouple wire and length (m); F_pEffective area () for thermocouple Yu air contact; F_sCross-sectional area () for thermocouple wire; t₁��t₂And t₀The respectively air themperature (DEG C) of hot thermocouple, cold spot and environment; k₁₂For focus to the heat transfer coefficient (W/ DEG C) of cold spot, its value is as follows:

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell top wire is:

${q_{12}}^1={k_{12}}^1(t_1-t_{2)}=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell lower wire is:

${q_{12}}^{11}={k_{12}}^{11}(t_1-t_{2)}=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

Total heat conduction stream is:

q₁₂=q₁₂ ¹+q₁₂ ¹¹=(k₁₂ ¹+k₁₂ ¹¹)(t₁��t₂)

$k_{12}=({k_{12}}^1+{k_{12}}^{11})=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}+\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}=\frac{2\mathrm{\λ}}{L}$

Solution equilibrium equation obtains:

$q=(\frac{\mathrm{\α}Fp}{F}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{L^2})(t_1-t_2)$

So: $t_1-t_2=\frac{E}{E_0}n$

Wherein E₀For thermoelectricity constant (mv/ DEG C); E is electromotive force reading (mv);

Q=KE

$k=\frac{{\mathrm{\αF}}_p}{{\mathrm{nFE}}_0}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{{\mathrm{nE}}_{0}L}.$

Present invention is mainly used for intensity of solar radiation is just measured, utilize the electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester of the present invention, can accurately measure the intensity of long-wave radiation in air, relative to existing tester, present configuration is simple, and overall volume is little, debugs conveniently, and measuring speed is fast and precisely, fully meets the needs that solar radiation is quantified to measure by current each field with refinement.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 3 is the profile of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the model schematic of thermocouple heat transfer in the present invention.

Labelling in figure: 1 is base, 2 is mica sheet, and 3 is airtight cavity, and 4 is glass mat, and 5 is connecting line, and 6 is basic point joint, and 7 is constantan line, and 8 is tin-foil plate, and 9 is glass fibre matrix, and 10 is lobe, and 11 is focus, and 12 is cold spot.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.

In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the technology of the present invention is further elaborated. Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, be not used to limit invention.

Such as Fig. 1, shown in 2 and 3, a kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester, including base 1, mica sheet 2 and least one set glass fibre board component, described base 1 is connected formation one airtight cavity 3 with mica sheet 2, described glass fibre board component is arranged in airtight cavity 3, often group glass fibre board component includes two glass mats 4 placed side by side, two glass mat 4 corresponding end are cascaded by connecting line 5, described connecting line 5 two ends connect fixing respectively through glass fibre matrix 9 with corresponding glass mat 4, the other end of said two glass mat 4 respectively with airtight cavity 3 outside basic point joint 6 be connected, described basic point joint lays respectively at the inlet and outlet of tester, described glass mat 4 is banded with constantan line 7, gap between two glass mats 4 placed side by side is provided above tin-foil plate 8, it is coated with layers of copper near the one side of tin-foil plate 8 at described glass mat 4.

Wherein, the lobe 10 corresponding with glass mat 4 it is provided with in described base 1, described glass mat 4 is pasted onto in the lobe 10 of correspondence, described base 1 is high density polyurethane plate, there are good electric insulation and heat insulation, described mica sheet adopts Fluororystal mica sheet, have good from ultraviolet to infrared light transmission rate characteristic, the non-conductor of electricity, electrovacuum discharge quantity extremely low, high temperature resistant, physicochemical characteristics can be kept for a long time under 1000 DEG C of environment, superperformance that is anticorrosive, that do not react with acid-base solution and water.

In the present embodiment, described glass fibre board component is four groups, two glass mats 4 adjacent in two adjacent groups glass fibre board component are cascaded by connecting line 5, namely 8 glass mats in four groups of glass fibre board components all lie in base side by side, and are cascaded by connecting line; Described connecting line 5 alternative expression is arranged on glass mat 4 two ends, and 8 glass mats 4 are continuous print S shape by connecting line 5 series connection.

As shown in Figure 4, a kind of electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester often belongs to the defining method of k value, sets up the equation of heat balance at plating thermoelectric pile cold spot 12 and focus 11 place:

0=�� (t₂-t₀)F_p-k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

QF=�� (t₁-t₀)F_p+k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

Wherein, q is the radiation (W/) that thermocouple accepts; �� is the heat exchange coefficient (W/ DEG C) on thermocouple surface and environment; F is the projected area () of the illuminated part of thermocouple, and F=rL; The radius of r, L respectively thermocouple wire and length (m); F_pEffective area () for thermocouple Yu air contact; F_sCross-sectional area () for thermocouple wire; t₁��t₂And t₀The respectively air themperature (DEG C) of hot thermocouple, cold spot and environment; k₁₂For focus 11 to the heat transfer coefficient (W/ DEG C) of cold spot 12, its value is as follows:

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell top wire is:

${q_{12}}^1={k_{12}}^1(t_1-t_{2)}=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell lower wire is:

${q_{12}}^{11}={k_{12}}^{11}(t_1-t_{2)}=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

Total heat conduction stream is:

q₁₂=q₁₂ ¹+q₁₂ ¹¹=(k₁₂ ¹+k₁₂ ¹¹)(t₁��t₂)

$k_{12}=({k_{12}}^1+{k_{12}}^{11})=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}+\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}=\frac{2\mathrm{\λ}}{L}$

Solution equilibrium equation obtains:

$q=(\frac{\mathrm{\α}Fp}{F}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{L^2})(t_1-t_2)$

So: $t_1-t_2=\frac{E}{E_0}n$

Wherein E₀For thermoelectricity constant (mv/ DEG C); E is electromotive force reading (mv);

Q=KE

$k=\frac{{\mathrm{\αF}}_p}{{\mathrm{nFE}}_0}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{{\mathrm{nE}}_{0}L}.$

Specific embodiment: use the present invention to measure on the water-ponding roof in building building, from table 1, theoretical value is coincide better with measured value, and its relative error is 3.7��7.8%.

The measured value of the Net long wave radiation intensity of table 1 water-ponding roof and value of calculation (kcal/m²h)

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. an electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester, it is characterized in that: include base (1), mica sheet (2) and least one set glass fibre board component, described base (1) is connected formation one airtight cavity (3) with mica sheet (2), described glass fibre board component is arranged in airtight cavity (3), often group glass fibre board component includes two glass mats placed side by side (4), two glass mat (4) corresponding end are cascaded by connecting line (5), the other end of said two glass mat (4) is connected with airtight cavity (3) basic point joint (6) outward respectively, described glass mat (4) is banded with constantan line (7), gap between two glass mats (4) placed side by side is provided above tin-foil plate (8).

2. electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described connecting line (5) two ends connect fixing respectively through glass fibre matrix (9) with corresponding glass mat (4).

3. electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it is coated with layers of copper at described glass mat (4) near the one side of tin-foil plate (8).

4. electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described base (1), be provided with the lobe (10) corresponding with glass mat (4), described glass mat (4) is pasted onto in the lobe (10) of correspondence, and described base (1) is high density polyurethane plate.

5. electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: when described glass fibre board component is for two groups or more, two glass mats (4) adjacent in two adjacent groups glass fibre board component are cascaded by connecting line (5), described connecting line (5) alternative expression is arranged on glass mat (4) two ends, and multiple glass mats (4) are continuous print S shape by connecting line (5) series connection.

6. the electric heating heap-type solar radiation tester as described in claim 1 to 5 often belongs to the defining method of k value, it is characterised in that: set up the equation of heat balance at plating thermoelectric pile cold spot (12) and focus (11) place:

0=�� (t₂-t₀)F_p-k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

QF=�� (t₁-t₀)F_p+k₁₂(t₁-t₂)F_s

Wherein, q is the radiation (W/) that thermocouple accepts; �� is the heat exchange coefficient (W/ DEG C) on thermocouple surface and environment; F is the projected area () of the illuminated part of thermocouple, and F=rL; The radius of r, L respectively thermocouple wire and length (m); F_pEffective area () for thermocouple Yu air contact; F_sCross-sectional area () for thermocouple wire; t₁��t₂And t₀The respectively air themperature (DEG C) of hot thermocouple, cold spot and environment; k₁₂For focus (11) to the heat transfer coefficient (W/ DEG C) of cold spot (12), its value is as follows:

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell top wire is:

${q_{12}}^1={k_{12}}^1(t_1-t_2)=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

The heat conduction of plating thermoelectric pile elementary cell lower wire is:

${q_{12}}^{11}={k_{12}}^{11}(t_1-t_2)=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{L}(t_1-t_2)$

Total heat conduction stream is:

q₁₂=q₁₂ ¹+q₁₂ ¹¹=(k₁₂ ¹+k₁₂ ¹¹)(t₁��t₂)

$k_{12}=({k_{12}}^1+{k_{12}}^{11})=\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{Z}+\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{Z}=\frac{2\mathrm{\λ}}{Z}$

Solution equilibrium equation obtains:

$q=(\frac{\mathrm{\α}Fp}{F}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{L^2})(r_1-r_2)$

So: $r_1-r_2=\frac{E}{E_0}n$

Wherein E₀For thermoelectricity constant (mv/ DEG C); E is electromotive force reading (mv);

Q=kE

$k=\frac{{\mathrm{\αF}}_p}{{\mathrm{nFE}}_0}+\frac{4\mathrm{\π}\mathrm{\γ}\mathrm{\λ}}{{\mathrm{nE}}_{0}L}.$