CN105625126A - Vehicle blocking system based on buffering and energy absorption material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle blocking system based on a buffering and energy absorption material. The vehicle blocking system comprises a roadbed and a braking bed arranged on the upper surface of the roadbed. The vehicle blocking system based on the buffering and energy absorption material has the advantages that the safety of passengers can be guaranteed and the structure of a vehicle can be prevented from being severely damaged while effective blocking is achieved. The vehicle blocking system is mainly composed of the buffering and energy absorption material and has designable crushing strength, the material absorbs kinetic energy of the vehicle under rolling of wheels, and the purpose of stopping the vehicle or slowing down the vehicle is achieved. The vehicle blocking system further has the advantages of being good in slow-down effect, safe in braking process, low in vibration and the like, and can be applied to the field of highway risk avoiding lanes and the like.

Description

A kind of vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material

Technical field

The present invention relates to civil engineering work and materials science field, it is specifically related to a kind of ability of blocking can design and the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of stable performance, while realizing effectively blocking, ensure the safety of passenger and avoid vehicle structure generation significant damage.

Background technology

Along with the fast development of China's economy, highway in China mileage open to traffic there occurs that great-leap-forward increases, whole nation total mileage of highway 446.39 ten thousand kilometers at the end of cut-off 2014, highway density 46.50 kilometers/hundred square kilometres, wherein whole nation standard highway mileage 390.08 ten thousand kilometers, the more important thing is that the highway density of heavy hilly area, the mountain ridge of Midwest increases rapidly. The heavy hilly area on the mountain ridge, due to the restriction of the factors such as landform, landforms and geology, mountain area highway need to overcome discrepancy in elevation show line, unavoidably there is long and steep downgrade section. Vehicle travels on this section, uses service brake for a long time so that breaking system " heat fading " phenomenon is very outstanding, and time serious, vehicle stopping power is lost completely, causes great serious accident. For head it off, the U.S. has built Article 1 emergency lane the fifties in last century in California, and China built Article 1 emergency lane in 1998 at Badaling motorway. Point out in Mountainous Highway Construction specification at present: reach 4% on average vertical slope, during more than long and steep downgrade 3km, emergency lane should be set.

Emergency lane technical development is so far, experienced by different type useds, comprise gravity-type (relying on the precipitous gradient that vehicle is slowed down), sand drift type (vehicle slows down to make by gravity and sand drift resistance), and gravel type common at present (making errant vehicle slow down or stop by the rolling resistance of gravel). Gravity-type needs the track of sufficiently long, bigger by geographic factor restriction. The performance of blocking of sand drift type is subject to weather effect big, and the retarded velocity of high numerical value can cause the major injury of personnel and vehicle. Gravel type emergency lane material therefor is often the heavy material such as pebbles, crushed stone, and deceleration process can cause the larger vibration of vehicle, causes goods to be scattered, container is de-hangs out of stock, thus causes vehicle rollover and direction out of control; Gravel hardness is higher, easily causes when vehicle pours fuel tank damaged, after gravel and metal friction play spark, thus causes serious even explosion hazard on fire; In addition, such hard formula material structure under long-time action of gravity of gathering materials is closely knit further, and by the cross flow of water from the top of ring road and both sides enter gravel pile fines also make the degree of compactness of gravel increase, cause rolling resistance to diminish so that casting bed function weakens. In sum, block stability difference, block power and lack design and the problem such as vibration damping, give and use the personnel of emergency lane and vehicle to bring accident potential. Serious horizontal retarded velocity and unexpected vertical acceleration, cause personnel, vehicle, property impaired, and front and back wheel retarded velocity is not mated in the process in addition, makes vehicle overbalance, causes goods to be scattered, trailing wheel separation and trailer topple forward; It is invalid that less power of blocking easily causes keeping away danger.

Authorization Notice No. is the open a kind of motorway emergency lane of CN204266073U utility model patent, its braking layer that slows down is by multi-hole type, Back Word type, micro-intensity damping concrete precast block of work font or inverted U has been paved, keep away danger vehicle to press rear material disintegrating and produce depression, tire and micro-intensity damping concrete produce certain frictional force and realize buffering, vehicle is stopped fast, micro-intensity damping concrete strength is low, keep away in the process of danger and can not damage vehicle, during vehicle depression, automotive oil tank is cut to pieces and is rubbed micro-intensity damping concrete and can not destroy, and the mechanics of prefabricated section and use properties are stablized, harden after there will not be sandstone etc. repeatedly to use hardening, winter, the phenomenons such as hardening were freezed in snow melt. but, the deceleration mechanism of the micro-intensity damping material in patent and sand drift, broken gather materials identical with beans gravel, rely on tire and the frictional force of blocking between material to realize, still exist the ability of blocking limited, to different vehicle block effect uncontrollable, block vehicle discontinuity in process (as excessive in initial power), block the problems such as direction of traffic in process is uncontrolled.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve emergency lane of the prior art, to block ability limited, to different vehicle to block effect uncontrollable, block vehicle discontinuity in process, block the technological deficiencies such as direction of traffic in process is uncontrolled, the present invention provides a kind of ability of blocking can design and the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of stable performance, while realizing effectively blocking, the safety of passenger can be ensured and avoid vehicle structure generation significant damage, simultaneously, the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of the present invention forms primarily of buffering energy-absorbing material, it has the crushing strength that can design, this absorbed vehicle energy lower is rolled at wheel, reach the object blocked parking or vehicle is slowed down. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of the present invention also have slow down effective, brake process safety, vibrate the features such as little, can be applicable to the fields such as highway emergency lane.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

Based on a vehicle arresting system for buffering energy-absorbing material, it comprises roadbed and is located at the braking bed of described roadbed upper surface.

Preferably, the slope angle a of described roadbed is 0-40 degree, and the front section of described roadbed is breeze way, and rear section of described roadbed be located at by described braking bed.

Preferably, the length of described breeze way is 0��50 meter, and width is 3��12 meters.

Preferably, the coefficient of rolling resistance of the road surface frictional resistance of described breeze way is 0.01��0.15. Breeze way utilizes the gradient or road surface frictional resistance to reduce the kinetic energy of vehicle; The road surface frictional resistance of described breeze way designs according to the target effect of vehicle arresting system.

Preferably, the material of described braking bed is buffering energy-absorbing material. Described buffering energy-absorbing material is multicellular glass, lightweight cellular concrete, porous organic or light ceramic.

Preferably, the material of described braking bed is light material, and its density is 50kg/m3��500kg/m3.

Preferably, the thickness of described braking bed is 0.2��0.7m, and thickness increases from front to back gradually.

Preferably, the length of described braking bed is 20��100m, and width is 3��12m.

Described braking bed region material thickness, length and width design according to the target effect of vehicle arresting system.

The mechanical property of described braking bed material is characterized as: in 2MPa pressure range, maximum conquassation degree >=70% of material, and unit volume material energy absorption efficiency >=200KJ.

Preferably, the installation mode of described braking bed be precast body formula, formula of gathering materials or pouring type.

Preferably, should also comprising, based on the vehicle arresting system of buffering energy-absorbing material, the guardrail being located at described breeze way and described braking bed both sides and described braking bed end, described guardrail has makes direction of traffic just return and force to block the effect stopping to go out deceleration region vehicle.

Preferably, the front end of described braking bed is provided with step or gentle slope structure.

A kind of braking bed is the braking bed described in above-mentioned arbitrary item.

The useful effect of the present invention is:

1), braking bed material be light material, its tap density of passing in time stablize, can not cause cause because of random packing under gravity block performance variation;

2), the intensity of braking bed material low, easily pressure is lower broken outside, so the deceleration process blocking vehicle in process is mild, can effectively avoid causing " car stops goods and do not stop " accident owing to retarded velocity is excessive;

3), braking bed material intensity low, block and process can not make the main structure of vehicle, particularly fuel tank causes breakage; And in the process of blocking, not easily produce spark, reduce hidden danger of catching fire;

4), low easily pressure is lower broken outside for the intensity of braking bed material, therefore in the process of blocking, vehicle can not produce bigger vibration of jolting, and makes vehicle structure safety, cargo security, effectively avoids the vehicle rollover that vibrates and cause owing to jolting and direction out of control;

5), bed material mechanical performance will be braked, the gradient of system, the friction performance of breeze way, vehicle load, tire pressure, speed, the parameters such as vehicle tyre specification are as input parameter, by computation model calculate this based on buffering energy-absorbing material vehicle arresting system common vehicle blocked performance, that is, can according to the practical situation (speed limit of concrete highway, limit is heavy, common type of vehicle, the parameters such as descending length and the gradient) adjust this mechanical property based on material in the vehicle arresting system of buffering energy-absorbing material, the system gradient, the friction performance of breeze way, the parameters such as braking bed length, to realize the specific design to particular case,

6), install mode various, constructability select.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1-1 is the structural representation of the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 1-2 is the structural representation of the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material of second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is that the non-formula structure wheel roller compaction process that gathers materials analyzes schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the formula structure wheel roller compaction process analysis schematic diagram that gathers materials;

Fig. 4 is that lightweight concrete building block material stress-conquassation is write music line example;

Fig. 5 is that the stress-conquassation of multicellular glass block material is write music line example;

Fig. 6 is that the stress-conquassation of porous organic block material is write music line example;

Fig. 7 is that foam-glass block material stress-conquassation is write music line example;

Fig. 8 is that light ceramic material stress-conquassation is write music line example;

Fig. 9 is that the stress-conquassation of light weight concrete block of material is write music line example.

In figure,

1-roadbed; Section before 11-; Section after 12-; 2-brakes bed; 3-guardrail.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the structure of the present invention is explained in detail explanation.

If Fig. 1-1 is to, shown in Fig. 1-2, a kind of vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material provided by the invention, it comprises roadbed 1 and is located at the braking bed 2 of described roadbed 1 upper surface. The slope angle a of described roadbed 1 is 0-40 degree, and the front section 11 of described roadbed 1 is breeze way, and rear section 12 of described roadbed 1 be located at by described braking bed 2. The guardrail 3 being located at described breeze way and described braking bed 2 both sides and described braking bed 2 end should be also comprised based on the vehicle arresting system of buffering energy-absorbing material. The installation mode of described braking bed 2 is precast body formula: pile up by the prefabricated section of buffering energy-absorbing material, it is preferable that lightweight concrete building block, porous organic building block, multicellular glass building block etc.; Gather materials formula: amass by the block pile of aggregate of buffering energy-absorbing material, it is preferable that light weight concrete, multicellular glass, light ceramic etc.; Pouring type: buffering energy-absorbing material paste cast in situs and become, it is preferable that light weight concrete, porous organic etc.

As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 3, a kind of vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material provided by the invention has three kinds of installation methods, and formula of gathering materials is blocked after installing and blocked material after material is installed in formula distribution of gathering materials, precast body formula and pouring type is non-formula distribution of gathering materials. Enter the vehicle blocking bed and can be subject to material resistance, and material compaction will be blocked.

As shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 9, provided by the invention a kind of as follows based on the mechanics performance determining method of buffering energy-absorbing material in the braking bed 2 of the vehicle arresting system of buffering energy-absorbing material: braking bed 2 material to be loaded in rigid cylinder and carries out compression testing, compressing surface diameter and bucket is high is 30.48cm, compression speed 500mm/min, measure material stress-conquassation under experimental conditions to write music line or stress-strain curve, the energy absorbing efficiency of Units of Account volume material in compression process.

In elastomeric material mechanical property test, material crumple absorb energy, period energy absorption efficiency the highest time conquassation degree be maximum conquassation degree, energy absorption efficiency is pressed formula X and is calculated:

$\mathrm{\η}\left(\mathrm{\ϵ}\right)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\σ}\left(\mathrm{\ϵ}\right)}{\∫}_0^{\mathrm{\ϵ}}\mathrm{\σ}\left(\mathrm{\ϵ}\right)d\mathrm{\ϵ}$

In formula:

Energy absorption efficiency during �� sample crumple;

The stress of �� sample, unit is MPa (MPa);

The conquassation degree of �� sample.

This system to vehicle to block mechanism as follows: when vehicle pours in this system, certain deceleration is produced pouring braking bed 2 vehicle in front under the effect of gravity or ground frictional resistance, after entering braking bed 2, wheel can crush buffering energy-absorbing material, by the kinetic energy of the broken absorption vehicle of this material. Material selec-tion has been considered the design variables such as the tire pressure of common vehicle, load-carrying, speed, what when concrete highway layout, this braking bed 2 can produce to be suitable for blocks power, thus make the vehicle within the scope of design can not occur significant damage and occupant unduly by power prerequisite under, allow vehicle slow down gradually and finally stop at braking bed 2 in.

Embodiment one:

System architecture is as Figure 1-1, slope angle a is 20 degree, and (Fig. 1-1 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 25m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 10m of braking bed 2, long 100m, material is lightweight concrete building block (density is 200kg/m3), and building block is of a size of long 1000mm �� wide 1000mm �� high 500mm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 4, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 80%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 271KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 97m.

Embodiment two:

System architecture is as Figure 1-1, slope angle a is 30 degree, and (Fig. 1-1 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 0m, braking bed 2 wide 12m, long 90m, material is multicellular glass building block (density is 250kg/m3), and building block is of a size of long 1000mm �� wide 1000mm �� high 600mm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 5, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 70%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 300KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 6 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1200mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 76m.

Embodiment three:

System architecture is as Figure 1-1, slope angle a is 35 degree, and (Fig. 1-1 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 0m, braking bed 2 wide 8m, long 90m, material is porous organic building block (density is 300kg/m3), and building block is of a size of long 1200mm �� wide 1200mm �� high 600mm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 6, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 75%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 290KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 800mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 74m.

Embodiment four:

System architecture is as Figure 1-1, slope angle a is 20 degree, and (Fig. 1-1 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 25m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 10m of braking bed 2, long 100m, material is lightweight concrete building block (density is 200kg/m3), and building block is of a size of long 500mm �� wide 500mm �� high 100mm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 5, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 80%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 271KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 106m.

Embodiment five:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 15 degree, and (Fig. 1-2 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 50m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.15, the wide 10m of braking bed 2, long 100m, material is lightweight concrete building block (density is 200kg/m3), and building block is of a size of long 500mm �� wide 500mm �� high 100mm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 5, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 80%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 350KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 450mm is 125m.

Embodiment six:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 30 degree, and (Fig. 1-1 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 40m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 14m of braking bed 2, long 95m, material is foam-glass block (density is 210kg/m3), and block size is at 2.5cm��6cm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 7, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 75%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 240KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 87m.

Embodiment seven:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 10 degree, and (Fig. 1-2 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 0m, braking bed 2 wide 8m, long 120m, material is light ceramic (density is 150kg/m3), and particle size is at 0.5cm��3cm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 8, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 82%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 350KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 123m.

Embodiment eight:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 40 degree, and (Fig. 1-2 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 10m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 6m of braking bed 2, long 70m, material is light weight concrete block (density is 270kg/m3), and block size is at 2.5cm��8cm. The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 9, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 75%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 220KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 70m.

Embodiment nine:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 10 degree, and (Fig. 1-2 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 20m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 12m of braking bed 2, long 90m, material is cast in situs light weight concrete (density is 280kg/m3). After concrete coagulation hardens, the mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 5, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 73%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 360KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 140m.

Embodiment ten:

System architecture is as shown in Figure 1-2, slope angle a is 10 degree, and (Fig. 1-2 is only structural representation, do not draw according to actual slope angle, structure only for reference), breeze way length 20m, rolling resistance coefficient is 0.1, the wide 12m of braking bed 2, long 100m, material is cast in situs porous organic (density is 260kg/m3). The mechanical property of test material, as shown in Figure 7, the maximum conquassation degree of this material within the scope of 2MPa is 78%, and unit volume crumple energy absorbing efficiency is 380KJ/m3. Through this system of Theoretical Calculation to quality 5 �� 104kg, speed 120km/h, the total impression width 1000mm of wheel, the distance of blocking of the vehicle of depth of indentation 400mm is 126m.

The difference of the structure of Fig. 1-1 and Fig. 1-2 of a kind of vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material provided by the invention is, the braking bed 2 of Fig. 1-1 sinks; And the braking bed 2 of Fig. 1-2 is on roadbed 1, and the front end of the braking bed 2 of Fig. 1-2 is provided with step. The step of described braking bed 2 front end can also be replaced as gentle slope structure. Step or gentle slope structure are set in the front end of braking bed 2, it is possible to improve braking effect.

Present invention also offers a kind of braking bed 2 as described in above-mentioned arbitrary item.

These are only the better embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendment, equivalent replacement and simple modifications etc. done in flesh and blood of the present invention, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material, it is characterised in that, it braking bed (2) comprising roadbed (1) and being located at described roadbed (1) upper surface.

2. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the slope angle a of described roadbed (1) is 0-40 degree, the front section (11) of described roadbed (1) is breeze way, and described braking bed (2) is located at rear section (12) of described roadbed (1).

3. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, the length of described breeze way is 0��50 meter, and width is 3��12 meters.

4. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, the coefficient of rolling resistance of the road surface frictional resistance of described breeze way is 0.01��0.15.

5. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the material of described braking bed (2) is buffering energy-absorbing material.

6. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, described buffering energy-absorbing material is multicellular glass, lightweight cellular concrete, porous organic or light ceramic.

7. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the material of described braking bed (2) is light material, and its density is 50kg/m3��500kg/m3.

8. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the thickness of described braking bed (2) is 0.2��0.7m, and thickness increases from front to back gradually.

9. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 8, it is characterised in that, the length of described braking bed (2) is 20��100m, and width is 3��12m.

10. the vehicle arresting system based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the installation mode of described braking bed (2) is precast body formula, formula of gathering materials or pouring type.

The 11. vehicle arresting systems based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, should also comprise, based on the vehicle arresting system of buffering energy-absorbing material, the guardrail (3) being located at described breeze way and described braking bed (2) both sides and described braking bed (2) end.

The 12. vehicle arresting systems based on buffering energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the front end of described braking bed (2) is provided with step or gentle slope structure.

13. 1 kinds of braking beds, it is characterised in that, this braking bed (2) is the braking bed (2) as described in item as arbitrary in claim 1-12.