A kind of synthetic method of material with carbon element
Technical field
The invention belongs to porous inorganic material synthesis field, the specifically synthetic method of a kind of material with carbon element.
Background technology
Classification according to IUPAC, porous material can be divided into three major types: large pore material (direct > 50nm), mesoporous material (2nm��directly��50nm) and poromerics (direct < 2nm). Due to poromerics and mesoporous material Industrial Catalysis with the field such as separate and apply with succeeding, so being always up research and the focus of application. In recent years, compensate for conventional small pore molecular sieve along with large pore material in the field such as bulky molecular catalysis, separation and mesoporous material is difficult to the shortcoming that allows macromole to enter within duct, and the advantage that some other physical chemical characteristics embodies, the sight of the researcher attracted gradually, becomes the popular domain of research.
" utilize SiO2Opal prepares high specific surface area three-dimensional ordered big hole carbon " (Nanjing Aero-Space University's journal; 2005; 37(5): 593-593) adopting colloid crystal templating to prepare three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon, preparation process is: (1) first adopts Stobber method synthesis single dispersing SiO2Colloid micro ball, then through centrifuge washing, ethanol disperses, and stands at normal temperatures and pressures 10��30 days, by SiO2Microsphere is self-assembled into orderly opal structure under gravity, then dry 12h at 120 DEG C. (2) use the space of sucrose filling template and the process of repetition carbonization again, prepare macropore material with carbon element.
" double-template method synthesising mesoporous/macropore second hole road carbon material " (Acta PhySico-Chimica Sinica, 2007,23 (5):
757-760) adopting colloid crystal templating to prepare mesopore/macropore second hole road material with carbon element, its synthetic method is: first prepare close to monodispersed silica spheres according to Stober method, and under gravity self assembly and form template; Preparing phenol resin oligomer again to dissolve, and by Organic substance mixing such as itself and ethanol, PluronicF127, be then immersed in silica template, room temperature is placed to solution exsiccation; Then being polymerized completely by phenolic resin, carbonization under nitrogen protection atmosphere, and namely obtain mesopore/macropore second hole road material with carbon element with after Fluohydric acid. removing silicon dioxide, the diameter macropores of material with carbon element is about 230nm, and mesopore diameter is about 10nm.
CN102295281A, a kind of method preparing graded porous carbon for template with hollow mesoporous silicon sphere, phenolic resin alcoholic solution is impregnated in the mesopore orbit of hollow mesoporous silicon sphere, then by phenolic resin primary solidification, deep and firmization, carbonization and elimination template, finally it is prepared for having the graded porous carbon of macropore, mesoporous, micropore. Wherein template is hollow mesoporous silicon sphere, and hollow mesoporous silicon sphere has hollow core and mesoporous wall, and hollow core aperture is 300-800nm, and mesoporous wall is about 25-60nm. The aperture of the graded porous carbon of preparation is 300-800nm, and wall thickness is 25-60nm.
CN103482597A, the synthetic method of a kind of middle macropore carbon, resin is mixed with firming agent, is heating and curing; With pore creating material and mixed with proppants after being pulverized by solidifying substance, being pressed into precast body then high temperature cabonization, macropore carbon in preparation after being sufficiently mixed, its macropore diameter is at 50nm-10 ��m again. Wherein pore creating material is polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral resin, poly-phthalimide resin, and effect is to manufacture macropore, and aperture can change carbonaceous material and pore creating material ratio, and temperature, pressing pressure and material proportion regulate; Proppant is graphite powder, activated carbon powder, NACF, CNT or graphite fibre, and effect is to stop the base shrinks in carbonisation to a certain extent, makes the pore structure of porous charcoal tend towards stability and add large aperture.
Existing large pore material, although especially existing a lot of the disclosing of the preparation method of macropore carbon is reported, but still has some defects to need to overcome, and the template assemblies of such as colloid crystal templating is consuming time long, and preparation cost is high, it is difficult to industrialized production; The macropore ratio of the large pore material that some technology obtains and content are too low, and macropore diameter is generally higher than 200nm, and the excessive using value in aperture is relatively low, and pore diameter range is difficult to prepare at 100��200nm macropore with high using value. Therefore, studying novel, especially the preparation method of the macropore carbon of Cheap highly effective just has very real meaning.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides the synthetic method of a kind of material with carbon element, and material with carbon element provided by the invention has abundant pore structure, and synthetic method is simple, and production cost is low.
The present invention provides a kind of material with carbon element, and described material with carbon element has the feature that constituent is amorphous carbon element, has two-stage duct, and wherein the aperture in first order duct is 20��40nm, and the aperture in duct, the second level is 100��200nm; Total specific surface area is 500��1000m2/g��
The synthetic method of material with carbon element of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) being mixed with alkali liquor by calcium carbonate, stir process at 50��90 DEG C, then filter, the solid matter being filtrated to get is heat treatment 1��3h at 300��500 DEG C;
(2) will mix with water and glucide through the calcium carbonate after step (1) processes, stir 10��60min, then ultrasonic Treatment 1��10h;
(3) solution that step (2) obtains is stirred at 50��100 DEG C, until solution becomes viscous pasty state, then dry at 50��80 DEG C;
(4) the solid matter carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere that step (3) is obtained, described carbonization treatment divides two sections to carry out, and is first warming up to 300��450 DEG C, and constant temperature processes 1��3h; It is warming up to 800��1000 DEG C of carbonization treatment 4��8h again;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with acid solution, at 50��200 DEG C, process 1��10h, be then passed through that washing is dry obtains material with carbon element.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, calcium carbonate described in step (1) is nano-calcium carbonate, and the particle diameter of described nano-calcium carbonate is 30��50nm.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, alkali liquor described in step (1) is one or both in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and described concentration of lye is 0.01��0.1mol/L, and the mass ratio of calcium carbonate and alkali liquor is 1:5��1:50, it is preferable that 1:10��1:20.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, glucide described in step (2) is one or both in sucrose, glucose, calcium carbonate, glucide, water mass ratio be 0.1��2:1:10��33, it is preferred to 0.2��1:1:13��26.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, the carbonization treatment described in step (4) carries out in nitrogen atmosphere, and nitrogen flow rate is 10��50mL/min, it is preferred to 15��40mL/min.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, described in step (4), the heating rate of carbonization treatment is 1��3 DEG C/min, heats up with constant heating rate.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, the acid solution described in step (5) is hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, and the mass concentration of acid solution is 20��60%.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, the acid reaction variables described in step (5) is process 2��7h at 100��180 DEG C.
In material with carbon element synthetic method of the present invention, washing described in step (5) for distilled water wash, described dries as 5��15h dry at 100��140 DEG C.
Macropore carbon provided by the invention has abundant macropore, can be used as catalyst carrier, adsorbent, chromatographic column filler, it is possible to as the synthesis masterplate of inorganic organic material.
Compared with prior art, macropore material with carbon element provided by the invention and synthetic method thereof have the advantage that
(1) in the inventive method, using through base extraction and heat treated calcium carbonate as hard template, required multistage pore canal material with carbon element can be obtained, adopt the inventive method pretreatment calcium carbonate, the Surface electric property that can make calcium carbonate changes, the calcium carbonate promoting a part of single dispersing form is assembled, and makes several calcium carbonate particle assemble and forms miniature coherent condition, in order to forms the template needed for macropore duct; And remaining calcium carbonate still keeps monodisperse status, it is possible to as the template needed for medium duct. Again through the ratio controlling material, ultrasonic, dry the effect regulating glucide with calcium carbonate, and segmentation carbonization can be formed accurately the two-stage pore canal system with template size feature. The preparation method of macropore carbon of the present invention is simple, and topmost being characterized by does not use expensive poisonous organic formwork agent or additive, and cost is low.
(2) in the inventive method, by controlling the ratio of various material, ultrasonic, stirring, the operating procedure such as roasting, control the dispersity of calcium carbonate particle (including single dispersing and miniature state of aggregation). Especially preparation method described in step (3), is stir in a heated condition, first by the moisture slow evaporation in solution, until solution becomes viscous pasty state, is then dried process again, is a kind of dynamically dry combination dried with static state. This drying mode can make the calcium carbonate particle of saccharide and state of aggregation and single dispersing state be in Homogeneous phase mixing state all the time, avoid saccharide with calcium carbonate owing to density variation is separated, cause that saccharide cannot wrap up calcium carbonate effectively, and then cause that the material with carbon element prepared is that aperture is less than the common microporous activated carbon of 2nm.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM photograph of the material with carbon element of embodiment 1 synthesis.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the preparation method of material with carbon element of the present invention is described in detail, but is not limited to embodiment. In embodiment, the granularity of calcium carbonate used is about 40nm, and manufacturer is Hangzhou Wanjing New Material Co., Ltd..
Embodiment 1
(1) 2g calcium carbonate is mixed with 30mL0.02mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, at 70 DEG C, stir 2h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained is heat treatment 2h at 350 DEG C;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(3) solution prepared by step (2) is placed in 70 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry at 70 DEG C;
(4) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (3) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; Being warming up to 350 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min, constant temperature processes 2h; It is warming up to 850 DEG C again, constant temperature 5h with 2 DEG C/min;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely macropore material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL1, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) 2.5g calcium carbonate is mixed with 30mL0.02mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, at 70 DEG C, stir 2h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained processes 1h at 400 DEG C;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 4h after stirring 30min;
(3) solution prepared by step (2) is placed in 65 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry under 60 DEG C of conditions;
(4) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (3) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; Being warming up to 320 DEG C with 3 DEG C/min, constant temperature processes 2h; It is warming up to 950 DEG C again, constant temperature 5h with 3 DEG C/min;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely macropore material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL2, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) 1.5g calcium carbonate is mixed with 50mL0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, under 70 DEG C of conditions, stir 2h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained is dry 2.5h under 500 DEG C of conditions;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 70mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min.
(3) solution prepared by step (2) is placed in 70 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry under 70 DEG C of conditions;
(4) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (3) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; Being warming up to 400 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min, constant temperature processes 2h; It is warming up to 900 DEG C again, constant temperature 4h with 2 DEG C/min;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 6h is processed under 140 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely macropore material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL3, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) 3g calcium carbonate is mixed with 60mL0.02mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, under 70 DEG C of conditions, stir 1h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained processes 1.5h under 360 DEG C of conditions;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(3) solution prepared by step (2) is placed in 60 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry under 70 DEG C of conditions;
(4) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (3) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; Being warming up to 350 DEG C with 1.5 DEG C/min, constant temperature processes 2h; It is warming up to 850 DEG C again, constant temperature 5h with 1.5 DEG C/min;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the salpeter solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely macropore material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL4, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Embodiment 5
(1) 5g calcium carbonate is mixed with 80mL0.02mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, under 60 DEG C of conditions, stir 2h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained processes 2h under 400 DEG C of conditions;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(3) solution prepared by step (2) is placed in 70 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry at 70 DEG C;
(4) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (3) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; Being warming up to 350 DEG C with 2 DEG C/min, constant temperature processes 3h; It is warming up to 850 DEG C again, constant temperature 6h with 2 DEG C/min;
(5) material that step (4) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely macropore material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL5, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) by 2g calcium carbonate, 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(2) solution prepared by step (1) is placed in 70 DEG C of stirred in water bath process, makes moisture be evaporated to solution and become viscous pasty state; Then dry under 70 DEG C of conditions;
(3) being placed in tube furnace by the solid sample that step (2) obtains, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; It is warming up to 850 DEG C, constant temperature 5h with 2 DEG C/min;
(4) material that step (3) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, prepare material with carbon element, being numbered CL6, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
(1) 2g calcium carbonate is mixed with 30mL0.02mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, under 70 DEG C of conditions, stir 2h; Then being filtered, the solid sample obtained processes 2h under 350 DEG C of conditions;
(2) calcium carbonate obtained to step (1) adds 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(3) solution step (2) prepared is dry under 70 DEG C of conditions; Being subsequently placed in tube furnace, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; With 2 DEG C/min from room temperature to 850 DEG C, constant temperature 5h;
(4) material that step (3) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL7, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Comparative example 3
(1) 2g calcium carbonate, 50mL distilled water and 3g sucrose are mixed, ultrasonic Treatment 5h after stirring 30min;
(2) solution step (1) prepared is dry under 70 DEG C of conditions. Being placed in tube furnace again, pass into nitrogen, nitrogen flow rate is 30mL/min; With 2 DEG C/min from room temperature to 850 DEG C, constant temperature 5h.
(3) material that step (2) obtains is mixed homogeneously with the hydrochloric acid solution of 50mL50%, 5h is processed under 150 DEG C of conditions, finally it is washed with water to neutrality, dry 10h under 100 DEG C of conditions, namely material with carbon element is prepared, being numbered CL8, the duct at different levels aperture integrated distribution of gained sample and specific surface area result are in Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment and comparative example gained sample physico-chemical property
Can be drawn by embodiment and comparative example result, the inventive method can prepare high-quality macropore carbon, and do not adopt the operating procedure of the present invention, when same material proportion, the material with carbon element of preparation is common micro-pore carbon material or meso-porous carbon material, does not contain macroporous structure.