CN105610526B - A kind of media access control (MAC) method applicable separated in CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node - Google Patents

A kind of media access control (MAC) method applicable separated in CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node Download PDF

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CN105610526B
CN105610526B CN201610050926.0A CN201610050926A CN105610526B CN 105610526 B CN105610526 B CN 105610526B CN 201610050926 A CN201610050926 A CN 201610050926A CN 105610526 B CN105610526 B CN 105610526B
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CN105610526A (en
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裴二荣
孙泽华
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the media access control (MAC) method applicable separated in a kind of CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node, this method separates cognitive function with sensor node, sensor node no longer undertakes frequency spectrum perception function, only responsible source perceives, and cognitive function is then moved to other dedicated nodes in CRSN, it is responsible for frequency spectrum perception by these dedicated nodes.On the one hand this method alleviates the problems such as frequency spectrum is rare, and the MAC protocol in WSN does not account for frequency spectrum perception and spectrum management caused by the public frequency band that WSN networks are worked is with the rise of various emerging wireless communication technologys and is also resolved；On the other hand, solve in CRSN MAC protocol, all nodes all carry out the increase of the processing complexity and energy consumption of function such as frequency spectrum perception, frequency spectrum switching and each sensor node is equipped with the problem of production cost is higher caused by cognition module.It is of the invention to solve the problems, such as equalising network energy expenditure well, extend network lifecycle and improve handling capacity etc..

Description

A kind of media access control separated in CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology of wireless sensing network field, is related in a kind of CRSNs based on cognition and source sensing node point From media access control (MAC) method applicable.
Background technology
Since 21 century, wireless communication technology, microchip manufacture etc. technology progress promote WSN large scale deployment should With with development.However, be operated in exempt from authorize industry, science, Medical Band (Industrial Scientific Medical, ISM WSN) and other wireless communication technologys (such as Wifi, bluetooth, Wimax, Zigbee) common spectrum, cause various wireless The interference getting worse of equipment room, and then have impact on WSN service quality and its continue to develop.
Due to cognitive radio (cognitive radio, CR) can dynamically change its operating parameter, perceived spectral, Idle frequency band is determined, and waits for an opportunity to use these available bands.Therefore, some researchers propose CR technologies introducing WSN so that There is each sensor node frequency spectrum perception, dynamic to change the function of emission parameter, form cognition wireless sensor network (cognitive radio sensor network, CRSN), by cognitive function, dynamically perceived spectral is empty and waits for an opportunity to connect Enter to authorize band operation, so as to improve overall spectrum utilization rate.
Compared with traditional WSN, CRSN waits for an opportunity channel use, adaptively reduced in dynamic spectrum access, concurrent data The aspect that worked under energy consumption, multiple isomery WSN overlapping deployment, different spectral management policy possesses big advantage, has great Application value and long-range development prospect, are also considered as WSN of future generation.
MAC (medium access control) medium access control protocols access frequency spectrum by coordinating control node Mode, a kind of method for increasing handling capacity as far as possible on the premise of Energy Efficient, reducing interference is provided for WSN, so set Material impact will be produced to network performance by counting a kind of effective MAC protocol.WSN MAC protocol is mainly used in coordinating access frequency spectrum When reduce interference and data packet collision.It is the scattered deployment of the characteristics of need to considering WSN itself when designing MAC protocol such as node, non- Centralized Control, unstable link, the arrival of irregular packet and network longtime running etc..
The key issue of MAC in CRSN is designed includes：1. in the presence of primary user, efficiently control and adjust Node in degree network reasonably uses idle frequency range, makes what sensor node was waited for an opportunity in the case where not influenceing primary user's communication Carried out data transmission using multichannel；2. reduce association as far as possible on the premise of sensor node processes ability and limited energy The complexity of working mechanism is discussed, so that sensor node can effectively work under the auxiliary of spectrum cognitive function；3. and Node energy consumption is reduced while taking into account above mentioned problem as far as possible, while is for example gulped down between node energy consumption and other network performances The acquirement balance such as the amount of telling and time delay.
MAC protocol in existing CRSN can be divided into MAC protocol based on Cluster Networks and based on distributed MAC protocol Two classes.First, the MAC protocol based on sub-clustering is that the node in CRSN is divided into several clusters, each cluster according to certain algorithm In have a leader cluster node (cluster head, CH) and several member nodes (cluster member, CM), CH nodes are complete In cluster CM node sleeps-wakeup schedule, channel distribution, reception and the number that CM nodes collect is merged in traffic control, including cluster According to this and data forwarding etc..MAC protocol based on sub-clustering is to complete net by the way that CH nodes are CM node distributions idle frequency spectrum The scheduling of network, and combine the technologies such as Carrier Sense Multiple access, time division multiplexing and complete inter-node communication.Based on distribution MAC protocol in, the node in network works and is not affected by United Dispatching, and the communication between node is by sending node and receiving node Cooperation is completed, the independent transmission for being controlled bag and packet between every a pair of sending nodes and receiving node.
MAC protocol based on Cluster Networks in existing CRSN, its major defect are that the cluster algorithm of network also uses Some traditional cluster-dividing methods in WSN networks, applicability of these algorithms in CRSN is not verified, such as in CRSN, Each node possesses spectrum cognitive function, while have also been introduced idle frequency spectrum negotiations process, the information processing energy of each node Power and energy expenditure are all obviously improved, and traditional cluster-dividing method obviously can not be directly applied for CRSN, and then in sub-clustering net MAC protocol design in network is also difficult to ensure that reliability.
Compared with traditional WSN, the sensor node in CRSN adds additional the functions such as frequency spectrum perception, frequency spectrum switching, pole Consume energy and the disposal ability that sensor node has originally been limited greatly；In addition, CRSN sensor node processes are limited in one's ability, often Multiple sensor nodes are often needed to carry out collaborative spectrum sensing and then by telegon amalgamation judging, perception information between them Mutually exchange also results in substantial amounts of energy consumption.These extra energy consumptions brought by cognitive function and processing requirement and sensor section The intrinsic resource constraint of point generates huge contradiction, and the design for substantially increasing the cognition sensor node of power-efficient is difficult Degree.If do not solved, CRSN life spans will be highly shortened, hinder CRSN development and application.
The production cost of CR receivers uses technology depending on frequency spectrum perception, and technology is more complicated more expensive, accuracy It is high.Just by taking the simplest frequency spectrum perception technology based on energy detection as an example, its production cost, which will also be far above, to be carried out Simply dealt inexpensive sensor node, thus its production cost is also above sensor node.On each sensor node Load a CR receiver (large scale deployment), it is clear that substantially increase the production cost of network, and then add low The design difficulty of cost cognitive sensor node.If CRSN is high, cost deployment issue is not solved, then be positioned at it is low into Originally, the CRSN of low-power consumption just loses existing value and market application foreground.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide the matchmaker separated in a kind of CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node Body access control method, specifically includes following technical scheme：
A kind of media access control (MAC) method applicable separated in CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node, in the method：First The cognitive functions of CRSN nodes is independent into other node, that is, form two kinds of node and coexist in net in same WSN The CRSN networks of network, i.e. heterogeneous nodes；In the network, cognitive nodes are responsible for frequency spectrum perception, and sensor node is responsible for periphery Environment carries out detection and collects data；After each sensor node needs to transmit data, it is necessary to which cognitive nodes detect idle frequency spectrum Sensor node is notified, then sensor node is transmitted data using the frequency spectrum of distribution, i.e. sensor node should be needed also There is the function that dynamic changes emission parameter；On this basis, design and using the MAC protocol for adapting to this kind of new network, enter Row media access control.
Further, in the method, the described CRSN networks for establishing heterogeneous nodes specifically include：
Primary user (Primary User, PU) in the network be present, there is preferential right to frequency spectrum, dispose in a network Two class nodes：That is M cognitive nodes (cognitive nodes, CNs) and N number of sensor node (sensor nodes, SNs), For the secondary user (Secondary User, SU) in network；Cognitive nodes and the number of sensor node press 1：N ratio portion Administration, n is positive integer；
At primary user's free time, time user is detected idle frequency range by frequency spectrum perception and waits for an opportunity to be carried out using these frequency spectrums Data transfer；Assuming that a CCCH in a network be present, the channel exists without primary user, and secondary user's pass through segmentation ALOHA system access CCCH is consulted using idle data channel；Secondary user's are M cognitive nodes and N number of biography Sensor node is deployed in Am2Region in, each node-node transmission radius is r rice, and node is equipped with a transceiver, in synchronization It can only send or receive data；CN waits for an opportunity the channel that selection transmission data need to take in C data channels；Simultaneously in network P primary user be present, the occupancy to channel is PTK, the activity time on channel is τon, inactive time τoff；Assuming that For cognitive nodes with the method perceived spectral of energy measuring, channel detection accuracy rate is Pd, rate of false alarm Pf；
Radio energy dissipation model is as follows, and the energy that the consumption of k bit datas is sent in distance d is：
E in formulaelecIt is transmitting or receives the energy consumed per bit information, amplifier energy consumption EfsWith EmpIt is fixation Value, d0For apart from constant；The energy consumption for receiving k bit messages is：
ERX(k)=kEelec (2)。
Further, in this method, the MAC protocol that heterogeneous nodes separate in the CRSN networks that is adapted to of use is specifically wrapped Include：
It is assumed that cognition is determined according to the primary power and its rate of energy dissipation of cognitive nodes and sensor node in advance The ratio of node and sensor node, and uniformly dispose；
In the netinit stage, CNs and SNs is according to 1:After n (n=1,2,3 ...) ratio is deployed in perception domain, scheduling CNs of the node (sink) into network broadcasts the positional information of oneself, and each CN believes in data transfer phae according to sink position Principle selection forwarding data path of the breath according to shortest path；Each CN by send and receive geographical location information bag find and The neighbours CN of oneself is determined, neighbor node number is designated as ncn；Each CN finds the SNs around oneself simultaneously, chooses nearest from oneself N SN turn into a group, the CN will be that SNs be perceived and be distributed idle frequency spectrum in its group, and SNs is to its corresponding CN transmission in group Data；
Because different SN to CN distance is different in each group, to balance the energy consumption of each SN nodes, SN distances are taken in each group CN maximum, as the transmission range in group during SN nodes combined data, so that each SN nodes exhaust energy simultaneously, reach net Network node energy consumption balances；
After the completion of netinit, the work between two class nodes must be coordinated to complete, and these work include group interior nodes Between two stages of data forwarding between operating protocol and group, wherein operating protocol is formed in each CN and SN between group interior nodes Carried out in group, including frequency spectrum perception, negotiation of spectrum, distribute channel and receive data；Data forwarding between group by CN nodes it Between complete.
Further, in the MAC protocol, frequency spectrum perception and data summarization process are as follows in group：
1) SN wakes up work in CN group of notifications；
2) CN starts to perceive idle frequency spectrum, and SN carries out source perception (being detected to surrounding enviroment), and the duration is Tsense；
3) CN is perceived and is sent broadcast packet in CCCH after idle frequency range, the channel information to be taken and other CN is interacted, and different groups is taken different data channels or is taken same idle channel at times, avoids transmission from touching Hit, duration Tn；
4) idle frequency range or the vacant CN to idle frequency range are not perceived, continue idle frequency after waiting for a period of time Spectrum detection, then take idle channel transmission data；
5) CN taken to idle frequency range distributes to idle channel n SN node in oneself group, is designated as nsn, and provide The transmission time slot of each node；
6) each SN nodes collect transmission sources perception data to CN successively on allocated channel by time slot；
7) CN carries out collecting fusion after receiving the data of each SN nodes；
8) enter sleep after SN has sent data to its corresponding CN, wait CN to wake up and start next cycling.
Further, forward data procedures as follows in the MAC protocol, between each group of CN：
1)CNiForwarding data phase, CN are immediately entered after having collected dataiHold over the channel used when being worked in group hi；CNiRTS is sent by CCCH successively to the neighbours CN of its all close scheduling node (sink) first (Request To Send) is wrapped, and CN is included in the RTS bagsiThe channel h that will be takeniInformation, and a length of T when starting waiting forw；
2) idle neighbours CN receives CNiAfter the RTS bags of transmission, by CCCH to CNiTransmission replies message RM (Return Message), and it is switched to channel hiIn；
3)CNiData are forwarded to first reply RM neighbor node；
4) neighbor node is received after the packet of forwarding by CCCH to CNiSend confirmation message (ACK)；
If 5) CNiWaiting TwAfterwards, the RM bags that any neighbours reply are not received, then neighbor node is busy, CNiRetransmit RTS Bag, and wait Tw, until receiving replying message for neighbor node；
6)CNiAfter receiving confirmation message, one time repeating process terminates；Continue to forward between CN, until CN sends data Untill sink nodes.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The MAC separated in CRSN proposed by the present invention based on cognition with sensor node Protocol method, cognitive function is separated with sensor node, sensor node no longer undertakes frequency spectrum perception function, only responsible source sense Know, and cognitive function is then moved to other dedicated nodes in CRSN, is responsible for frequency spectrum perception by these dedicated nodes.The agreement solution Problem of both having determined.On the one hand the public frequency band to be worked in WSN networks is alleviated with various emerging radio communications The problems such as frequency spectrum is rare caused by the rise of technology, and the MAC protocol in WSN does not account for frequency spectrum perception and spectrum management also obtains Solution is arrived；On the other hand, solve in CRSN MAC protocol, all nodes all carry out the work(such as frequency spectrum perception, frequency spectrum switching Can processing complexity and the increase of energy consumption and each sensor node be equipped with production cost caused by cognition module compared with The problem of high.It is of the invention to solve equalising network energy expenditure well, extend network lifecycle and improve handling capacity etc. The problem of aspect.
Brief description of the drawings
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below and carried out Explanation：
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram in group；
Fig. 2 is negotiation busy channel flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
The shortcomings that for existing CRSN networks, the method for the invention first by the cognitive functions of CRSN nodes it is independent into Other node, that is, form the CRSN that two kinds of node coexists in network, i.e. heterogeneous nodes in same WSN；This In network, cognitive nodes are responsible for frequency spectrum perception, and sensor node is responsible for carrying out surrounding enviroment detection collection data.Sensing every time Device node needs to transmit data, it is necessary to cognitive nodes notify sensor node after detecting idle frequency spectrum, then sensor node Data are transmitted using the frequency spectrum of distribution, therefore, sensor node should be also required for the function that dynamic changes emission parameter. Obviously in such networks, two kinds of nodes are only combined closely, and co-ordination competence exertion goes out advantage.However, existing be based on WSN MAC protocol clearly cannot be used for CRSN；Simultaneously be currently based on CRSN MAC protocol because be all based on cognitive function and Sensor node integration is the MAC protocol based on homogeneity node, is also not used to cognitive nodes and sensor node is mutually only In vertical CRSN.After the CRSN based on heterogeneous nodes separation is proposed, and then employ the MAC associations for adapting to this new network View, and pass through the protocal analysis network performance.
Specifically：
1st, in the method, the described CRSN networks for establishing heterogeneous nodes specifically include：
Primary user (Primary User, PU) in the network be present, there is preferential right to frequency spectrum, dispose in a network Two class nodes：That is M cognitive nodes (cognitive nodes, CNs) and N number of sensor node (sensor nodes, SNs), For the secondary user (Secondary User, SU) in network；Cognitive nodes and the number of sensor node press 1：N ratio portion Administration, n is positive integer；
At primary user's free time, time user is detected idle frequency range by frequency spectrum perception and waits for an opportunity to be carried out using these frequency spectrums Data transfer；Assuming that a CCCH in a network be present, the channel exists without primary user, and secondary user's pass through segmentation ALOHA system access CCCH is consulted using idle data channel；Secondary user's are M cognitive nodes and N number of biography Sensor node is deployed in Am2Region in, each node-node transmission radius is r rice, and node is equipped with a transceiver, in synchronization It can only send or receive data；CN waits for an opportunity the channel that selection transmission data need to take in C data channels；Simultaneously in network P primary user be present, the occupancy to channel is PTK, the activity time on channel is τon, inactive time τoff；Assuming that For cognitive nodes with the method perceived spectral of energy measuring, channel detection accuracy rate is Pd, rate of false alarm Pf；
Radio energy dissipation model is as follows, and the energy that the consumption of k bit datas is sent in distance d is：
E in formulaelecIt is transmitting or receives the energy consumed per bit information, amplifier energy consumption EfsWith EmpIt is fixation Value, d0For apart from constant；The energy consumption for receiving k bit messages is：
ERX(k)=kEelec (2)。
2nd, the MAC protocol of heterogeneous nodes separation：
It is assumed that cognition is determined according to the primary power and its rate of energy dissipation of cognitive nodes and sensor node in advance The ratio of node and sensor node, and uniformly dispose.
In the netinit stage, CNs and SNs is according to 1:After n (n=1,2,3 ...) ratio is deployed in perception domain, scheduling CNs of the node (sink) into network broadcasts the positional information of oneself, and each CN believes in data transfer phae according to sink position Principle selection forwarding data path of the breath according to shortest path.Each CN by send and receive geographical location information bag find and The neighbours CN of oneself is determined, neighbor node number is designated as ncn.Each CN finds the SNs around oneself simultaneously, chooses nearest from oneself N SN turn into a group, the CN will be that SNs be perceived and be distributed idle frequency spectrum in its group, and SNs is to its corresponding CN transmission in group Data.
It is different in view of SN to CN different in each group distance, to balance the energy consumption of each SN nodes, taken in each group SN away from Maximum from CN, as the transmission range in group during SN nodes combined data, so that each SN nodes exhaust energy simultaneously, reach Network node energy-consumption balances.
After the completion of netinit, the work between two class nodes must be coordinated to complete, and these work include group interior nodes Between two stages of data forwarding between operating protocol and group, wherein operating protocol is formed in each CN and SN between group interior nodes Carried out in group, including frequency spectrum perception, negotiation of spectrum, distribute channel and receive data；Data forwarding between group by CN nodes it Between complete.
2.1st, frequency spectrum perception and data summarization process are as follows in group：
1) SN wakes up work in CN group of notifications；
2) CN starts to perceive idle frequency spectrum, and SN carries out source perception (being detected to surrounding enviroment), and the duration is Tsense；
3) CN is perceived and is sent broadcast packet in CCCH after idle frequency range, the channel information to be taken and other CN is interacted, and different groups is taken different data channels or is taken same idle channel at times, avoids transmission from touching Hit, duration Tn；It is as shown in Figure 2 to consult busy channel flow；
4) idle frequency range or the vacant CN to idle frequency range are not perceived, continue idle frequency after waiting for a period of time Spectrum detection, then take idle channel transmission data；
5) CN taken to idle frequency range distributes to idle channel n SN node in oneself group, is designated as nsn, and provide The transmission time slot of each node；
6) each SN nodes collect transmission sources perception data to CN successively on allocated channel by time slot；
7) CN carries out collecting fusion after receiving the data of each SN nodes；
8) enter sleep after SN has sent data to its corresponding CN, wait CN to wake up and start next cycling.
Each group CN nodes can adjust the work period according to spectrum occupancy and data forwarding time.Workflow point in group Not as shown in Fig. 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (c).
Such as Fig. 1 (a), CNiIt is the node for perceiving idle frequency spectrum and being taken after channel negotiation to idle channel, hereafter directly Connect to each SN distribution channel, SN in its groupi1To SNinSuccessively to CN on allocated channeliPerception data is sent (during use Divide the mode of multiplexing), CNiData are received and collected.
Such as Fig. 1 (b), CNjFor the vacant node to idle channel after negotiation of spectrum, SN in its groupjDo not received after wait CNjChannel information is distributed, into sleep state；CNjWaiting in line a period of time TqCarried out again after perceiving idle frequency range again afterwards Consult to use, SN in its group is waken up after taking channeljAnd distribute channel progress data fusion for them and collect.
Such as Fig. 1 (c), CNkNot perceive the node of idle frequency range after frequency spectrum perception, it is directly entered queue and waits in line Afterwards, frequency spectrum perception is re-started, renegotiates and accesses and receive SN in groupkTransmit data.SNkSource does not receive CN after perceivingkChannel Distribution notice, then into sleep state and wait CNkWake up.New round work is reentered after data have been forwarded per group node Cycle works on.
, can be same at primary user's free time by being held consultation in CCCH using idle channel between each CN Data channels different Shi Zhanyong carry out data transmission, as shown in Figure 2.
After the frequency spectrum perception time terminates, each CN nodes for perceiving idle channel are monitored in CCCH and send association Business wraps access of being held consultation to different data channels.CN first listens to the association whether CCCH has other nodes to send Business wraps, and if sending a negotiation data bag without if, is accessed after illustrating the channel that oneself will take.Sent when listening to other CN Negotiated packet after, then keep out of the way and judge whether oneself identical by the channel of occupancy and the channel that listens to, if it is different, then keeping out of the way Monitor again afterwards and send negotiated packet；If identical, select an idle channel else and send the negotiated packet for including the channel, if institute There is the CN before available channel quilt to take, then into waiting list, perceived spectral is accessed again after waiting in line.
For example, in first negotiation of spectrum stage CN1To CNnPerceive idle channel and take through consultation, CN1Perceive During to the free time of channel 1 and by busy channel 1, first monitor, now just sent out without other CN negotiated packet on a common control channel Give oneself occupied information to channel 1, CN2Listen to CN on CCCH1After the information of transmission, keep out of the way and determine to take Idle channel 2, CN2Also negotiated packet is sent in CCCH, other CN nodes listen to CN2After the negotiated packet of transmission no longer Busy channel 2 transmits data, selects a new idle channel else.Each group CN is lined up to be monitored and uses idle channel successively.
Second negotiation of spectrum stage is to be not detected by idle frequency spectrum or the vacant CN user to idle channel, they Wait in line (T respectivelyn+Tq) and TqAfter re-start frequency spectrum perception and consult to access, such as CNn+1Re-started after waiting in line Frequency spectrum perception is then monitored in CCCH and busy channel 1 transmits data, and the CN in queue takes same side successively Formula takes idle channel transmission data.
2.2nd, forward data procedures as follows between each group of CN：
1)CNiForwarding data phase, CN are immediately entered after having collected dataiHold over the channel used when being worked in group hi；CNiRTS is sent by CCCH successively to the neighbours CN of its all close scheduling node (sink) first (Request To Send) is wrapped, and CN is included in the RTS bagsiThe channel h that will be takeniInformation, and a length of T when starting waiting forw；
2) idle neighbours CN receives CNiAfter the RTS bags of transmission, by CCCH to CNiTransmission replies message RM (Return Message), and it is switched to channel hiIn；
3)CNiData are forwarded to first reply RM neighbor node；
4) neighbor node is received after the packet of forwarding by CCCH to CNiSend confirmation message (ACK)；
If 5) CNiWaiting TwAfterwards, the RM bags that any neighbours reply are not received, then neighbor node is busy, CNiRetransmit RTS Bag, and wait Tw, until receiving replying message for neighbor node；
6)CNiAfter receiving confirmation message, one time repeating process terminates；Continue to forward between CN, until CN sends data Untill sink nodes.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. media access control (MAC) method applicable separated in CRSNs based on cognition with source sensing node, it is characterised in that：In we In method：It is first that the cognitive functions of CRSN nodes is independent into other node, that is, formed two kinds of node coexist in it is same The CRSN networks of network in WSN, i.e. heterogeneous nodes；In the network, cognitive nodes are responsible for frequency spectrum perception, and sensor node is born Duty carries out detection to surrounding enviroment and collects data；Each sensor node needs to transmit data, it is necessary to which cognitive nodes detect sky Sensor node is notified after ideler frequency spectrum, then sensor node is transmitted data, i.e. sensor node using the frequency spectrum of distribution The function that dynamic changes emission parameter should be also required for；On this basis, design and using the MAC for adapting to this kind of new network Agreement, carry out media access control；
    In the method, the foundation of the CRSN networks of the heterogeneous nodes specifically includes：
    Primary user (Primary User, PU) in the network be present, there is preferential right to frequency spectrum, dispose two classes in a network Node：That is M cognitive nodes (cognitive nodes, CNs) and N number of sensor node (sensor nodes, SNs), for net Secondary user (Secondary User, SU) in network；Cognitive nodes and the number of sensor node press 1：N ratio deployment, n are Positive integer；
    At primary user's free time, time user detects idle frequency range by frequency spectrum perception and waits for an opportunity to carry out data using these frequency spectrums Transmission；Assuming that a CCCH in a network be present, the channel exists without primary user, and secondary user's pass through segmentation ALOHA system access CCCH is consulted using idle data channel；Secondary user's are M cognitive nodes and N number of biography Sensor node is deployed in Am2Region in, each node-node transmission radius is r rice, and node is equipped with a transceiver, in synchronization It can only send or receive data；CN waits for an opportunity the channel that selection transmission data need to take in C data channels；Simultaneously in network P primary user be present, the occupancy to channel is PTK, the activity time on channel is τon, inactive time τoff；Assuming that For cognitive nodes with the method perceived spectral of energy measuring, channel detection accuracy rate is Pd, rate of false alarm Pf；
    Radio energy dissipation model is as follows, and the energy that the consumption of k bit datas is sent in distance d is：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>kE</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>kE</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>kE</mi> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>kE</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&amp;GreaterEqual;</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
    E in formulaelecIt is transmitting or receives the energy consumed per bit information, amplifier energy consumption EfsWith EmpIt is fixed value, d0 For apart from constant；The energy consumption for receiving k bit messages is：
    ERX(k)=kEelec (2)。
  2. 2. the media access control side separated in a kind of CRSNs according to claim 1 based on cognition with source sensing node Method, it is characterised in that：In this method, the MAC protocol that heterogeneous nodes separate in the CRSN networks that is adapted to of use specifically includes：
    It is assumed that cognitive nodes are determined according to the primary power and its rate of energy dissipation of cognitive nodes and sensor node in advance With the ratio of sensor node, and uniformly dispose；
    In the netinit stage, CNs and SNs is according to 1:After n ratio is deployed in perception domain, wherein n=1,2,3 ..., scheduling CNs of the node (sink) into network broadcasts the positional information of oneself, and each CN believes in data transfer phae according to sink position Principle selection forwarding data path of the breath according to shortest path；Each CN by send and receive geographical location information bag find and The neighbours CN of oneself is determined, neighbor node number is designated as ncn；Each CN finds the SNs around oneself simultaneously, chooses nearest from oneself N SN turn into a group, the CN will be that SNs be perceived and be distributed idle frequency spectrum in its group, and SNs is to its corresponding CN transmission in group Data；
    Because different SN to CN distance is different in each group, to balance the energy consumption of each SN nodes, take SN distances CN's in each group Maximum, as the transmission range in group during SN nodes combined data, so that each SN nodes exhaust energy simultaneously, reach network section Point energy-consuming balance；
    After the completion of netinit, the work between two class nodes must be coordinated to complete, and these work include work between group interior nodes Make two stages of data forwarding between agreement and group, wherein operating protocol is in the group that each CN and SN is formed between group interior nodes Carry out, including frequency spectrum perception, negotiation of spectrum, distribute channel and receive data；Data forwarding is between group by complete between CN nodes Into.
  3. 3. the media access control side separated in a kind of CRSNs according to claim 2 based on cognition with source sensing node Method, it is characterised in that：
    In the MAC protocol, frequency spectrum perception and data summarization process are as follows in group：
    1) SN wakes up work in CN group of notifications；
    2) CN starts to perceive idle frequency spectrum, and SN carries out source perception, i.e., surrounding enviroment detected, duration Tsense；
    3) CN is perceived and is sent broadcast packet in CCCH after idle frequency range, and the channel information to be taken and other CN are entered Row interaction, different groups is taken different data channels or take same idle channel at times, avoid transmission from colliding, hold The continuous time is Tn；
    4) idle frequency range or the vacant CN to idle frequency range are not perceived, continue idle frequency spectrum spy after waiting for a period of time Survey, then take idle channel transmission data；
    5) CN taken to idle frequency range distributes to idle channel n SN node in oneself group, is designated as nsn, and provide each The transmission time slot of node；
    6) each SN nodes collect transmission sources perception data to CN successively on allocated channel by time slot；
    7) CN carries out collecting fusion after receiving the data of each SN nodes；
    8) enter sleep after SN has sent data to its corresponding CN, wait CN to wake up and start next cycling.
  4. 4. the media access control side separated in a kind of CRSNs according to claim 3 based on cognition with source sensing node Method, it is characterised in that：
    Forward data procedures as follows in the MAC protocol, between each group of CN：
    1)CNiForwarding data phase, CN are immediately entered after having collected dataiHold over the channel h used when being worked in groupi；CNi RTS (Request are sent by CCCH successively to the neighbours CN of its all close scheduling node (sink) first ToSend) wrap, CN is included in the RTS bagsiThe channel h that will be takeniInformation, and a length of T when starting waiting forw；
    2) idle neighbours CN receives CNiAfter the RTS bags of transmission, by CCCH to CNiTransmission replies message RM (Return Message), and it is switched to channel hiIn；
    3)CNiData are forwarded to first reply RM neighbor node；
    4) neighbor node is received after the packet of forwarding by CCCH to CNiSend confirmation message (ACK)；
    If 5) CNiWaiting TwAfterwards, the RM bags that any neighbours reply are not received, then neighbor node is busy, CNiRTS bags are retransmitted, And wait Tw, until receiving replying message for neighbor node；
    6)CNiAfter receiving confirmation message, one time repeating process terminates；Continue to forward between CN, until CN transmits data to sink Untill node.
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