CN105609929B - A kind of NFC antenna structure and its manufacture method based on metal rear shell - Google Patents

A kind of NFC antenna structure and its manufacture method based on metal rear shell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105609929B
CN105609929B CN201610032063.4A CN201610032063A CN105609929B CN 105609929 B CN105609929 B CN 105609929B CN 201610032063 A CN201610032063 A CN 201610032063A CN 105609929 B CN105609929 B CN 105609929B
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rear shell
metal rear
aerial coil
coil
metal
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CN105609929A (en
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满方明
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Shanghai Amphenol Airwave Communication Electronics Co Ltd
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Shanghai Amphenol Airwave Communication Electronics Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of NFC antenna structure and its manufacture method based on metal rear shell, including metal rear shell, antennae support body, aerial coil, metallic channel and plastic insulation material.Present invention design is unique, structure is novel, NFC antenna coil utilizes communication apparatus metal rear shell itself, spiral form aerial coil is cut in its lateral surface, the interference that metal back cover vortex produces NFC antenna in magnetic field is effectively reduced, so that with good electric property when ensureing to work between NFC antenna and reader.Its is simple for structure, beautiful, on the communication apparatus that can be widely applied to have metal rear shell, meets mobile payment function requirement.

Description

A kind of NFC antenna structure and its manufacture method based on metal rear shell
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna for mobile phone manufacturing technology field, more particularly to a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell And its manufacture method.
Background technology
With the development for moving equipment near field communication (NFC) function at this stage, (Near Field Communicat ion are near by NFC Apart from wireless communication technique) function will be configured in more handheld devices, and then promote studying to NFC antenna design Pay attention to more and more.In traditional NFC antenna application, it is typically chosen and FPC, i.e. NFC antenna radiator is placed on battery Above, while in order to reduce negative effect of the battery for NFC antenna, it is necessary to add lastblock ferrite among FPC and battery. The rear cover that above-mentioned NFC antenna designing scheme is appropriate only for handheld device is the situation of non-metallic material.But in the recent period with disappearing The favor of the person of expense, the mobile equipment with metal rear shell come into vogue, this brings the difficulty of bigger to the design of NFC antenna.Cause When NFC antenna coil is located completely on the inside of complete metal shell, will not only to be produced and NFC days in metal rear shell The vortex that line current is completely reversed, and since shielding action of the metal rear shell to electromagnetic field to be placed on inside metal-back NFC antenna can not be detected on the outside of metal rear shell.
After some appropriate processing are carried out to metal rear shell, for example Murata is proposed in patent CN102405556B A through hole and one are opened in metal rear shell from through hole to the gap at metal rear shell edge.The gap " cut-out " is original The vortex being completely reversed produced in metal rear shell so that the vortex become with antenna current it is in the same direction have positive work to antenna Effectively vortex.It is this to overcome above-mentioned metal rear shell to NFC antenna by being effectively vortexed in the same direction caused by cracked gap Shielding action so that NFC antenna can be detected on the outside of metal rear shell.Although by the method solution for opening hole and gap Shielding action of the metal rear shell of having determined to NFC antenna, but the through hole opened and gap still have impact on the complete of metal rear shell Property, this destruction to metal rear shell integrality undoubtedly have impact on the aesthetic feeling and intensity of metal fuselage equipment.
In the patent formula of Murata, NFC antenna coil is below metallic mobile phone rear shell, metallic mobile phone rear shell and NFC Aerial coil is separately manufactured, is then assembled in mobile phone.
The content of the invention
For the drawbacks described above in the presence of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of NFC antenna based on metal rear shell Structure and preparation method thereof, the antenna structure breach shielding of the metal rear shell to NFC antenna signal so that NFC antenna coil Making become metal rear shell processing a part, be effectively saved cost.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, technical solution is as follows used by solving its technical problem:
The invention discloses a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, it is arranged in a communication apparatus, including metal Rear shell, antennae support body, aerial coil, metallic channel and plastic insulation material, wherein:
The antennae support body is arranged at the metal rear shell medial surface, and is integrally formed with the metal rear shell;
The aerial coil is made by metal rear shell vertical cut;
The metallic channel is opened on metal rear shell lateral surface, the position of the metallic channel and the metal rear shell medial surface The antennae support body position correspondence, the metallic channel is connected with the interval of aerial coil;
The plastic insulation material be filled in aerial coil interval and aerial coil and metal rear shell between interval;
Lateral surface is coplanar or less than lateral surface in metal rear shell in lateral surface and the metal rear shell in the aerial coil;
The both ends of the aerial coil respectively one tie-plate of connection, and being extended to by wire guiding member outside aerial coil medial surface Portion.
Further, a protective film is further included, the protective film is covered in the inside and outside of the metal rear shell and aerial coil On side.
Further, a ferrite is further included, the ferrite is covered on the aerial coil medial surface.
Preferably, the aerial coil is in spiral form, and each layer aerial coil interval is equal.
Further, the depth of the metallic channel is more than the thickness of the aerial coil, less than the antennae support body and The sum of thickness of metal rear shell, the interval between the metallic channel and each layer line circle of the aerial coil connect.
Preferably, the metal rear shell and the material of aerial coil are aluminum or aluminum alloy.
In addition the present invention discloses a kind of manufacture method of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, comprise the following steps:
Step 1:An antennae support body is integrally formed in metal rear shell medial surface;
Step 2:On the corresponding metal rear shell lateral surface of antennae support body, by the outside of metal rear shell towards in metal rear shell The first time that side surface direction carries out perpendicular to metal rear shell direction cuts, and forms spiral form aerial coil;
Step 3:One metallic channel is at least set on the part not being cut in spiral form aerial coil, the metallic channel with The interval of each layer aerial coil is connected;
Step 4:Molten plastic insulating materials, make plastic insulation material through metallic channel flow to each layer aerial coil interval and Interval between aerial coil and metal rear shell, until filling up above-mentioned each interval;
Step 5:Second of cutting parallel to metal rear shell lateral surface is carried out in aerial coil lateral surface so that antenna line It is coplanar or less than metal rear shell lateral surface to enclose lateral surface and metal rear shell lateral surface;
Step 6:In aerial coil medial surface cut parallel to the third time of metal rear shell medial surface so that antenna line It is coplanar or less than metal rear shell medial surface to enclose medial surface and metal rear shell medial surface, and aerial coil is separated with metal rear shell Open, and coupled integrally by plastic insulation material;
Step 7:At the both ends of the aerial coil, respectively one tie-plate of connection, the tie-plate are arranged in the aerial coil Side, for connecting the main circuit board of aerial coil and communication apparatus, the aerial coil extends to antenna by wire guiding member Outside coil medial surface;
Step 8:Anodic oxidation or spray treatment are carried out on the interior lateral surface of metal rear shell and aerial coil, one is formed and protects Cuticula;
Step 9:The aerial coil medial surface pastes a ferrite, forms NFC antenna coil.
Preferably, the first time cutting, second of cutting and third time cutting use electrical discharge machining or digital control processing.
Preferably, in the step 2, the depth of the first time cutting institute cutting metal is more than or equal to aerial coil Thickness, but less than the sum of the antennae support body and the thickness of metal rear shell, the thickness of the aerial coil is less than or equal to described The thickness of metal rear shell.
Preferably, in the step 2, each conducting wire of aerial coil is cut into equidistantly.
Preferably, in the step 3, the depth of the metallic channel is more than the thickness of the aerial coil, less than described The sum of antennae support body and the thickness of metal rear shell, and the lower part of the spiral form aerial coil is extended to, with the spiral form Interval between each conducting wire of aerial coil is interconnected.
Preferably, the metal rear shell and aerial coil are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The present invention is due to using above technical scheme, being allowed to compared with prior art, have the following advantages that and actively imitate Fruit:
1st, can effectively evade in the prior art by NFC antenna coil and metal rear shell it is separately manufactured, add cost of manufacture The drawbacks of, the making of NFC antenna coil is dissolved into the processing of metal rear shell by the present invention, becomes metal rear shell processing work A part in skill, beneficial to saving cost, and processing technology is relatively simple;
2nd, in NFC antenna work, metal rear shell metal electromagnetic induction forwarding electric signal is not depended on, directly passes through electric signal NFC antenna travels to the exterior space of metal rear shell, effectively breaks through shielding of the metal rear shell to NFC antenna signal;
3rd, the thickness of NFC antenna coil is not more than the thickness of metal rear shell so that what the metal rear shell of communication apparatus can be done It is relatively thin, it can more meet that some consumers are more preferable for the slim requirement of communication apparatus, customer experience degree.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment Attached drawing be briefly described, it is therefore apparent that drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for ability For field technique personnel, without creative efforts, other attached drawings can also be obtained according to these attached drawings.It is attached In figure:
Fig. 1 is a kind of metal rear shell lateral surface structure diagram of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of metal rear shell lateral surface structure amplification signal of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention Figure;
Fig. 3 is a kind of metal rear shell medial surface structure diagram of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is after a kind of metal rear shell medial surface of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention pastes ferrite Structure diagram;
Fig. 5 is a kind of antennae support body position view of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a kind of flow chart of the manufacture method of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell of the present invention.
【Primary symbols explanation】
1- aerial coils;
2- plastic insulation materials;
3- wire guiding members;
4- tie-plates;
5- antennae support bodies;
6- metallic channels;
7- ferrites;
8- metal rear shells.
Embodiment
In order to make techniques disclosed in this application content more detailed with it is complete, can refer to attached drawing and the present invention it is following Various specific embodiments, identical mark represents the same or similar component in attached drawing.However, those of ordinary skill in the art It should be appreciated that embodiment provided hereinafter is not to be used for limiting the scope that the present invention is covered.In addition, attached drawing is used only for Schematically it is illustrated, and is drawn not according to its full size.With reference to the accompanying drawings, to the specific of various aspects of the present invention Embodiment is described in further detail.
As shown in Figs. 1-5, the invention discloses a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, it is arranged at a communication and sets It is standby interior, including metal rear shell 8, antennae support body 5, aerial coil 1, metallic channel 6 and plastic insulation material 2, wherein:
The antennae support body 5 is arranged at 8 medial surface of metal rear shell, and is integrally formed with the metal rear shell 8.This In embodiment, the antennae support body 5 is located at the optional position of 8 medial surface of metal rear shell.
The aerial coil 1 is made by 8 vertical cut of metal rear shell.Specifically, vertical cut institute cutting metal Depth is more than or equal to the thickness of aerial coil 1, but less than the sum of the antennae support body 5 and the thickness of metal rear shell 8.This implementation In example, the aerial coil 1 is in spiral form, and each layer aerial coil interval is equal.Specific area coil, the number of turns, conducting wire are wide Degree and gap should be adapted to the requirement for meeting NFC radio-frequency performances.
The metallic channel 6 is opened on 8 lateral surface of metal rear shell, in the position of the metallic channel 8 and the metal rear shell 8 The position correspondence of the antennae support body 5 of side, the metallic channel 6 are connected with the interval of aerial coil 1.Specifically, institute The depth for stating metallic channel 6 is more than the thickness of the aerial coil 1, less than the antennae support body 5 and the thickness of metal rear shell 8 it With, and the lower part of the spiral form aerial coil 1 is extended to, the interval between 1 each conducting wire of spiral form aerial coil connects It is logical.
The plastic insulation material 2 is filled through between the interval of aerial coil 1 and aerial coil 1 and metal rear shell 8 Interval so that each interval is filled up by the plastic insulation material 2, plays the role of the fixed aerial coil 1.
Lateral surface is coplanar or less than outside in metal rear shell 8 in lateral surface and the metal rear shell 8 in the aerial coil 1 Face, that is, keep the interior lateral surface of the aerial coil 1 after cutting not protrude from lateral surface in metal rear shell 8 so that metal rear shell 8 can Slim is made, meet the appearance demand of part user, lift Experience Degree as far as possible.
Respectively one tie-plate 4 of connection, the tie-plate 4 are used to couple NFC antenna coil and lead at the both ends of the aerial coil 1 Interrogate equipment main circuit board, the tie-plate 4 by the way that similar to FPC, wire guiding member 3 is extended to outside 1 medial surface of aerial coil, The wire guiding member 3 and the tie-plate 4 are realized by conducting resinl to be coupled.
Further, a protective film is further included, the protective film is covered in the interior of the metal rear shell 8 and aerial coil 1 On lateral surface.And the tie-plate 4 can meet its electric conduction by covering protection or follow-up the methods of cutting off in advance.
The ferrite 7 is covered on 1 medial surface of aerial coil, forms last NFC antenna.
In the present embodiment, the material of the metal rear shell 8 and aerial coil 1 is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy.Aluminum or aluminum alloy Itself there is low-resistivity and light, is more suitable as the raw material of metal rear shell 8 and aerial coil 1 so that leads to The overall weight of news equipment is minimized, and meets light new demand of the client for communication apparatus.
In addition, the present embodiment is not restricted for the shape of NFC antenna coil, the square that can be fabricated in attached drawing 1, The other shapes such as rectangular, circular or oval can also be made.
As shown in fig. 6, in addition the present invention discloses a kind of manufacture method of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, wrap Include following steps:
Step 1:An antennae support body 5 is integrally formed in 8 medial surface of metal rear shell;In this step 1, the antennae support body 5 are located at the optional position of 8 medial surface of metal rear shell.
Step 2:On corresponding 8 lateral surface of metal rear shell of antennae support body 5, by the outside of metal rear shell 8 towards after metal The first time that 8 medial surface direction of shell carries out perpendicular to 8 direction of metal rear shell cuts, and forms spiral form aerial coil 1;This step 2 In, preferable 1 each conducting wire of aerial coil is cut into equidistantly.And the depth of cutting institute cutting metal is more than etc. for the first time In the thickness of aerial coil 1, but it is less than the sum of the antennae support body 5 and the thickness of metal rear shell 8, the aerial coil 1 Thickness is less than or equal to the thickness of the metal rear shell 8.
Step 3:One metallic channel 6, the metallic channel are at least set on the part not being cut in spiral form aerial coil 1 Interval between 6 and each layer aerial coil 1 is connected;In this step 3, the depth of the metallic channel 6 is more than the aerial coil 1 Thickness, less than the sum of the antennae support body 5 and the thickness of metal rear shell 8, and extend to the spiral form aerial coil 1 Interval between lower part, with 1 each conducting wire of spiral form aerial coil is interconnected, the spiral form antenna line in this step The lower part of circle 1 refers to that the aerial coil 1 is located at metal rear shell 8 close to the one side of 8 medial surface of metal rear shell with antennae support body 5 The space formed between the one side of medial surface.
Step 4:Molten plastic insulating materials 2, makes plastic insulation material 2 be flow to through metallic channel 6 between each layer aerial coil 1 Interval and aerial coil 1 and metal rear shell 8 between interval, until filling up above-mentioned each interval;
Step 5:Second of cutting parallel to 8 lateral surface of metal rear shell is carried out in 1 lateral surface of aerial coil so that antenna 1 lateral surface of coil and 8 lateral surface of metal rear shell are coplanar or less than 8 lateral surface of metal rear shell;
Step 6:In 1 medial surface of aerial coil cut parallel to the third time of 8 medial surface of metal rear shell so that antenna 1 medial surface of coil and 8 medial surface of metal rear shell are coplanar or less than 8 medial surface of metal rear shell, and cause aerial coil 1 with after metal Shell 8 separates, and is coupled integrally by plastic insulation material 2;
Step 7:At the both ends of the aerial coil 1, respectively one tie-plate 4 of connection, the tie-plate 4 are arranged on the antenna line 1 medial surface is enclosed, for connecting the main circuit board of aerial coil 1 and communication apparatus, the aerial coil 1 is prolonged by wire guiding member 3 Extend outside 1 medial surface of aerial coil;
Step 8:Anodic oxidation or spray treatment are carried out on the interior lateral surface of metal rear shell 8 and aerial coil 1, forms one Protective film;
Step 9:1 medial surface of aerial coil pastes a ferrite 7, forms NFC antenna coil.
In the present embodiment, first time cutting, second of cutting and third time cutting can use electrical discharge machining or Digital control processing is handled.
Preferably, the metal rear shell 8 and aerial coil 1 are made by aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The antenna structure of the present invention as a result of more than and preparation method thereof, has reached unexpected technique effect:
1st, can effectively evade in the prior art by NFC antenna coil and metal rear shell it is separately manufactured, add cost of manufacture The drawbacks of, the making of NFC antenna coil is dissolved into the processing of metal rear shell by the present invention, becomes metal rear shell processing work A part in skill, beneficial to saving cost, and processing technology is relatively simple;
2nd, in NFC antenna work, metal rear shell metal electromagnetic induction forwarding electric signal is not depended on, directly passes through electric signal NFC antenna travels to the exterior space of metal rear shell, effectively breaks through shielding of the metal rear shell to NFC antenna signal;
3rd, the thickness of NFC antenna coil is not more than the thickness of metal rear shell so that what the metal rear shell of communication apparatus can be done It is relatively thin, it can more meet that some consumers are more preferable for the slim requirement of communication apparatus, customer experience degree.
4th, present invention design is unique, structure is novel, and NFC antenna coil utilizes communication apparatus metal rear shell itself, outside it Side cut spiral form aerial coil, effectively reduces the interference that metal back cover vortex produces NFC antenna in magnetic field, so as to protect With good electric property when working between card NFC antenna and reader, it is ensured that the normal work of Mobile banking function. Its is simple for structure, beautiful, on the communication apparatus that can be widely applied to have metal rear shell, meets mobile payment function requirement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto, Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims Subject to.

Claims (12)

1. a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, is arranged in a communication apparatus, it is characterised in that after metal Shell, antennae support body, aerial coil, metallic channel and plastic insulation material, wherein:
The antennae support body is arranged at the metal rear shell medial surface, and is integrally formed with the metal rear shell;
The aerial coil is made by metal rear shell vertical cut;
The metallic channel is opened on metal rear shell lateral surface, the position of the metallic channel and the institute of the metal rear shell medial surface The position correspondence of antennae support body is stated, the metallic channel is connected with the interval of each turn coil of aerial coil;
The plastic insulation material be filled in aerial coil interval and aerial coil and metal rear shell between interval;
Lateral surface is coplanar or less than lateral surface in metal rear shell in lateral surface and the metal rear shell in the aerial coil;
The both ends of the aerial coil respectively one tie-plate of connection, and being extended to by wire guiding member outside aerial coil medial surface.
2. a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further include a guarantor Cuticula, the protective film are covered on the interior lateral surface of the metal rear shell and aerial coil.
3. a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that further include an iron Oxysome, the ferrite are covered on the aerial coil medial surface.
A kind of 4. NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the antenna line Circle is in spiral form, and each turn coil interval of aerial coil is equal.
A kind of 5. NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the metallic channel Depth be more than the aerial coil thickness, less than the sum of the antennae support body and the thickness of metal rear shell, the metal Interval between groove and each turn coil of the aerial coil connects.
6. a kind of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after the metal The material of shell and aerial coil is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
7. a kind of manufacture method of the NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1:An antennae support body is integrally formed in metal rear shell medial surface;
Step 2:On the corresponding metal rear shell lateral surface of antennae support body, by the outside of metal rear shell towards metal rear shell medial surface The first time that direction carries out perpendicular to metal rear shell direction cuts, and forms spiral form aerial coil;
Step 3:One metallic channel, the metallic channel and antenna are at least set on the part not being cut in spiral form aerial coil The interval of each turn coil of coil is connected;
Step 4:Molten plastic insulating materials, make plastic insulation material through metallic channel flow to each turn coil of aerial coil interval and Interval between aerial coil and metal rear shell, until filling up above-mentioned each interval;
Step 5:Second of cutting parallel to metal rear shell lateral surface is carried out in aerial coil lateral surface so that outside aerial coil Side and metal rear shell lateral surface are coplanar or less than metal rear shell lateral surface;
Step 6:In aerial coil medial surface cut parallel to the third time of metal rear shell medial surface so that in aerial coil Side and metal rear shell medial surface are coplanar or less than metal rear shell medial surface, and aerial coil is separated with metal rear shell, And coupled by plastic insulation material integral;
Step 7:At the both ends of the aerial coil, respectively one tie-plate of connection, the tie-plate are arranged on the inside of the aerial coil Face, for connecting the main circuit board of aerial coil and communication apparatus, the aerial coil extends to antenna line by wire guiding member Enclose outside medial surface;
Step 8:Anodic oxidation or spray treatment are carried out on the interior lateral surface of metal rear shell and aerial coil, forms a protection Film;
Step 9:The aerial coil medial surface pastes a ferrite, forms NFC antenna coil.
A kind of 8. manufacture method of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that The first time cutting, second of cutting and third time cutting use electrical discharge machining or digital control processing.
A kind of 9. manufacture method of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that In the step 2, the depth of the first time cutting institute cutting metal is more than or equal to the thickness of aerial coil, but less than described The sum of antennae support body and the thickness of metal rear shell, the thickness of the aerial coil are less than or equal to the thickness of the metal rear shell.
A kind of 10. manufacture method of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that In the step 2, each turn coil of aerial coil is cut into equidistantly.
A kind of 11. manufacture method of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that In the step 3, the depth of the metallic channel is more than the thickness of the aerial coil, less than the antennae support body and metal The sum of thickness of rear shell, and the lower part of the spiral form aerial coil is extended to, with each turn coil of spiral form aerial coil Between interval be interconnected.
A kind of 12. manufacture method of NFC antenna structure based on metal rear shell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that The metal rear shell and aerial coil are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
CN201610032063.4A 2016-01-18 2016-01-18 A kind of NFC antenna structure and its manufacture method based on metal rear shell Active CN105609929B (en)

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CN106657470A (en) * 2016-12-23 2017-05-10 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 Shell component of terminal, and terminal
WO2018113341A1 (en) 2016-12-23 2018-06-28 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Housing assembly for terminal, terminal and mobile phone
US11115508B1 (en) * 2020-06-10 2021-09-07 Htc Corporation Wireless communication device and case assembly

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