CN105600751B - 沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统 - Google Patents

沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统 Download PDF

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CN105600751B
CN105600751B CN201510963309.5A CN201510963309A CN105600751B CN 105600751 B CN105600751 B CN 105600751B CN 201510963309 A CN201510963309 A CN 201510963309A CN 105600751 B CN105600751 B CN 105600751B
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周丹丹
翟盼盼
李红博
胡广涛
杨健
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，包括具有沼气池的沼气池恒温发酵系统，沼气池具有生物能入口，沼气池的发酵废液出口连接废液磨浆机，废液磨浆机的液体出口接入气化系统中，气化系统具有贫煤磨煤机和气化炉，气化系统将废液磨浆机的液体与贫煤混合后送入气化炉，沼气池和气化炉的气体出口均连接合成器反应器，合成器反应器连接储气罐和燃气轮机组，本系统的原料供应为生物质能源和燃烧效率不高的贫煤资源，将两者结合通过沼气发酵技术、气化技术、合成气技术生产清洁的合成气资源。

Description

沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统
【技术领域】
本发明属于可再生能源领域，具体涉及一种沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统。
【背景技术】
沼气工程对生态环境保护和改善、资源循环利用方面有着重要的作用。但大型沼气工程正常运行后，每天产生的副产品沼液沼渣少则几百吨，多则可达几千吨，大量的沼渣沼液如何处理就成了一大难题。
目前沼渣资源化利用的途径主要有两类，养殖类和土地使用。其中沼渣的养殖业的应用主要是作物饲料或饲料添加剂应用在水产和畜禽养殖等方面，沼渣的过量使用或者添加剂的滥用使得饲料中的不安全因素例如重金属、病元微生物以及有害有毒物质通过食物链最终影响到人类的健康和安全，因此其在养殖方面越来越收到限制。沼渣在土地利用方面普遍存在过度使用造成土壤遭受重金属、抗生素累积、水体富营养化、磷元素在土壤中过度积累，其次源于沼渣沼液的原料成分以及沼渣沼液的pH值，有的地方因施用方式不当而发生农作物被烧死的情况。因此其在土地利用方面也越来越受到限制。
沼气发酵废液中含有大量的有机质和腐植酸，沼渣物理特性及沼渣纤维化学成分测定与分析表明：将稻草、麦草和玉米秆中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的质量分数与沼渣纤维对比分析可知，经过厌氧发酵后的沼渣纤维中纤维素质量分数较水稻、小麦和玉米等农作物秸秆高5％以上，同时半纤维素质量分数较水稻、小麦和玉米等农物秸秆低5％，木质素质量分数基本未变。这一结果表明，厌氧发酵对纤维成分中的木质素没有影响，而使得半纤维素相对含量减少，纤维素相对含量增加，这对于沼渣纤维的资源化利用特别是沼渣气化有积极意义。
近年来沼渣作为固体燃料的研究正在处于起步阶段，Kratzeisen对两种不同原料的沼渣进行脱水后燃烧实验，发现其热值与木材相当，且产生的烟气能够达到国家排放标准，证明了沼渣资源作为燃料原料的可行性。
水煤浆(Coal Water Slurry，简称CWS)作为一种低污染，高效率，流动性强的新型清洁燃料近年来在国际上得到迅速发展。典型的水煤浆由60％一75％的煤,25一40％的水以及大约1％的化学添加剂所组成。作为一种煤基流体燃料，水煤浆应具有以下的性质与特点：良好的稳定性、水煤浆的粘度要低、煤粉颗粒要达到一定的细度、水煤浆的浓度应尽量高,以利于燃烧。水煤浆技术不仅是先进的煤利用技术之一，而且也是我国洁净煤技术中的一项主要内容"水煤浆还被认为是最有发展前景的代油燃料。根据中国富煤，缺油，少气的能源资源特点，资源利用率较低，环境污染严重的现状，水煤浆作为节约和替代石油以及洁净煤利用的示范与推广技术，对于发挥中国煤炭资源优势，既符合国情要求，又可保证能源安全，具有现实和长远意义。自从70年代以来，利用高浓度水煤浆作为石油的替代燃料的想法已得到世界范围内的广泛关注。美国、瑞典、日本、澳大利亚等国家基于长期的能源战略考虑将其作为以煤代油燃料的技术储备，对水煤浆进行了大量地研究开发和试验。从80年代以来，水煤浆技术已经成为中国一项关键的研究与开发，课题经历了六五到九五，4个五年计划的攻关，我国在技术开发，工业化制浆及燃烧等方面己具备一定基础和能力，水煤浆技术己趋于成熟，并出现较好的发展势头。近30年来，中国的水煤浆技术，在制浆、贮运、燃烧应用等许多方面，都取得了十分可喜的长足发展，且收到了良好的节能效益，经济效益和环境效益。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供一种沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，联合较为成熟的煤浆气化技术解决了大中型厌氧发酵后发酵废液处理难的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明包括平板太阳能集热器，平板太阳能集热器连接储热水箱，储热水箱连接沼气池内的管式换热器，沼气池包括发酵废液出口、沼气出口和生物能入口，管式换热器的出口通过回水泵接入平板太阳能集热器，沼气池的发酵废液出口连接废液磨浆机，废液磨浆机的液体出口接入煤粉废液混合制浆机中，煤粉废液混合制浆机还连接有废液磨浆机和气化炉，氧气通过流量计接入气化炉中，沼气池和气化炉的气体出口均连接合成器反应器，合成器反应器连接储气罐和燃气轮机组。
所述储热水箱通过阀门连接沼气池内的管式换热器。
所述贫煤磨煤机连接有煤粒进料器，煤粉废液混合制浆机通过直列泵连接气化炉，气化炉下方设置有灰渣收集盒。
所述沼气池和气化炉分别通过脱硫塔和除尘器接入合成器反应器。
所述合成器反应器连接有洗剂冷却塔，洗剂冷却塔连接有三通阀，三通阀的两个出口分别连接储气罐和燃气轮机组。
所述储气罐能够放入油罐车上。
所述燃气轮机组连接有换热器。
所述生物能通过螺旋进料器通入沼气池内。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本系统的原料供应为生物质能源和燃烧效率不高的贫煤资源，将两者结合通过沼气发酵技术、气化技术、合成气技术生产清洁的合成气资源；
(2)本系统中厌氧发酵产生的沼气只需要脱除SO2，不需要分离其中的CO2，最终与气化产生的气体同时进入合成器反应器，在一定的高温和催化剂的作用下将气体中所含的CH4和CO2转化为只有CO和H2的合成气，使得沼气资源进一步迈向市场化利用，打破了厌氧发酵系统中因产生的沼气CO2含量过高或CO2分离成本过高使得其资源化利用受限的现状；
(3)气化原料为煤粉联合厌氧发酵废液制成的浆液，解决了大中型厌氧发酵后发酵废液处理难的问题，厌氧发酵废液中的纤维素通过热解后产生了清洁的可燃气体，其中的腐植酸作为水煤浆的分散剂减少了化学添加剂的使用，其中的碱金属对气化过程中的化学反应过程也起到了一定的催化用最后作为灰渣得以处理，煤粉联合厌氧发酵废液制成的浆液与单一原料煤浆气化相比使得气化效率提高，同时使得发酵废液资源得以工业化利用而且节约水资源；
(4)燃气轮机发电机组产生的废气主要产物为高温水蒸气和CO2，无其它对环境有害的物质，只需将其余热利用回收后直接排入大气，省去了后续的烟气处理设备，节约成本的同时保护了环境。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
参见图1，本发明包括具有沼气池5的沼气池恒温发酵系统，沼气池5具有生物能入口，生物能通过螺旋进料器7通入沼气池5内，沼气池5的发酵废液出口连接废液磨浆机9，废液磨浆机9的液体出口接入气化系统中，气化系统具有贫煤磨煤机11和气化炉15，气化系统将废液磨浆机9的液体与贫煤混合后送入气化炉15，沼气池5和气化炉15分别通过脱硫塔18和除尘器17接入合成器反应器19，合成器反应器19连接有洗剂冷却塔20，洗剂冷却塔20连接有三通阀21，三通阀21的两个出口分别连接储气罐22和燃气轮机组24，储气罐22能够放入油罐车23上，燃气轮机组24连接有换热器25。
沼气池恒温发酵系统包括包括平板太阳能集热器1，平板太阳能集热器1连接储热水箱2，储热水箱2通过阀门3连接沼气池5内的管式换热器4，沼气池包括发酵废液出口、沼气出口和生物能入口，管式换热器4的出口通过回水泵6接入平板太阳能集热器1。
气化系统包括连接贫煤磨煤机11和废液磨浆机9的煤粉废液混合制浆机12，煤粉废液混合制浆机12连接气化炉15，氧气通过流量计14接入气化炉15中，贫煤磨煤机11连接有煤粒进料器10，煤粉废液混合制浆机12通过直列泵13连接气化炉15，气化炉15下方设置有灰渣收集盒16。
本系统运行过程：沼气发酵系统运行后产生的发酵废液通过制浆机9将其制成均匀的浆液，同时贫煤磨煤机11将贫煤磨成煤粉，两者在煤粉废液混合制浆机12中被混合制成气化浆液。混合浆液在气化炉中高温和气化剂的作用下产生CO、H2、CO2、CH4为主的混合气体。沼气池恒温发酵系统产生的沼气经过脱硫塔18除去其中的SO2，气化系统产生的混合气体在除尘器17中除去灰尘和杂质，两者都进入合成器反应器19，混合气体在催化剂和高温环境下进行一系列的化学反应，最终产生以CO、H2为主的合成气。合成气经过洗剂冷却塔20洗涤和冷却后经过三通阀21送入燃气轮机组24发电或者由储气罐22进行储存，储气罐22储存的液化合成气由油罐车23运输进行商品化销售。
本系统实现了1、厌氧发酵池的连续恒温发酵，发酵废液的深度工业化利用，解决了厌氧发酵废液处理难的问题；2、气化粗燃气和沼气联合制备以CO和H2为主的合成气，打破了厌氧发酵系统中因产生的沼气CO2含量过高或CO2分离成本过高使得其资源化利用受限的现状，将沼气资源市场化；3、单一原料的水煤浆制备需要使用化学添加剂来维持它的稳定性，而发酵废液中的腐植酸为水煤浆的分散剂减少了化学添加剂的使用，同时使得发酵废液资源得以工业化利用而且节约水资源；4、本系统的原料供应为生物质能源和燃烧效率不高的贫煤资源，燃气轮机发电机组产生的废气主要产物为高温水蒸气和CO2，无其它对环境有害的物质，只需将其余热利用回收后直接排入大气，省去了后续的烟气处理设备，节约成本的同时保护了环境。

Claims (8)

1.沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：包括平板太阳能集热器(1)，平板太阳能集热器(1)连接储热水箱(2)，储热水箱(2)连接沼气池(5)内的管式换热器(4)，沼气池包括发酵废液出口、沼气出口和生物能入口，管式换热器(4)的出口通过回水泵(6)接入平板太阳能集热器(1)，沼气池(5)的发酵废液出口连接废液磨浆机(9)，废液磨浆机(9)的液体出口接入煤粉废液混合制浆机(12)中，煤粉废液混合制浆机(12)还连接有废液磨浆机(9)和气化炉(15)，氧气通过流量计(14)接入气化炉(15)中，沼气池(5)和气化炉(15)的气体出口均连接合成器反应器(19)，合成器反应器(19)连接储气罐(22)和燃气轮机组(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述储热水箱(2)通过阀门(3)连接沼气池(5)内的管式换热器(4)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：贫煤磨煤机(11)连接有煤粒进料器(10)，煤粉废液混合制浆机(12)通过直列泵(13)连接气化炉(15)，气化炉(15)下方设置有灰渣收集盒(16)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述沼气池(5)和气化炉(15)分别通过脱硫塔(18)和除尘器(17)接入合成器反应器(19)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述合成器反应器(19)连接有洗剂冷却塔(20)，洗剂冷却塔(20)连接有三通阀(21)，三通阀(21)的两个出口分别连接储气罐(22)和燃气轮机组(24)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述储气罐(22)能够放入油罐车(23)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述燃气轮机组(24)连接有换热器(25)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的沼气发酵废液联合贫煤成浆共气化系统，其特征在于：所述生物能通过螺旋进料器(7)通入沼气池(5)内。
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