A kind of tillered-onion method for quickly breeding
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, be specifically related to a kind of tillered-onion method for quickly breeding.
Background technology
Plant tissue culture technique is an emerging technology of getting up taking plant physiology as base growth, refers to asepticUnder condition, on the culture medium of artificial preparation, give suitable condition by vitro plant organ, tissue, cell, protoplastCultivate, induction produces callus or adventitious bud etc., or grows up to the process of whole plant. This technology is from 20 beginnings of the centurySince foundation, development in theoretical research and application technology, be widely used in plant Fast-propagation, breed improvement,The aspects such as genetic engineering breeding, germ plasm resource preservation, secondary metabolite production, have produced huge economic benefit and society's effectBenefit, has produced profound influence to modern agriculture and medicine and other fields.
Liliaceae allium on producing more adopts the raw clove of tiller to breed, and breeding coefficient is lower. And its squamaStem belongs to cripetura stem, and the foundation of fast breeding system exists certain difficulty. At present about the fast numerous relevant report of tillered-onionActually rare, Xu Qijiang strips 0.3-0.5mm stem apex and induces, then can obtain through startup cultivation, culture of rootage the ocean of tilleringGreen onion stem apex detoxify seedling. Jiang Yudong thinks that paclobutrazol has the effect that very strong promotion test tube bulbs forms. Old allusion quotation and Xu Qijiang withTillered-onion stem apex is that explant obtains regeneration plant through different development ways, wherein, and taking tillered-onion stem apex as explant warpAdventitious organogenesis obtains test-tube plantlet. Wang Yong, Liu Zhaokun, Xiang Yuanping etc. all attempt by callus induction and differentiation pathway againObtain tillered-onion regeneration plant, but differentiation rate is not high, and cultivates by callus, be easy to produce variation, be difficult to realizeThe batch production of tillered-onion is produced. The tissue-culturing rapid propagation of tillered-onion can be realized its fast breeding at short notice, but increasesThe height of growing rate is the bottleneck that restriction tillered-onion carries out batch production production always, therefore invents a kind of tillered-onion Fast-propagationMethod be the effective way addressing the above problem.
Summary of the invention
To the object of the invention is in order solving in order to solve the tillered-onion tissue-culturing rapid propagation rate of increase not highly, to be difficult to meet large ruleThe problem that mould is produced, and a kind of tillered-onion plateau method for quickly breeding is provided.
1) get tillered-onion bulb, remove the position of tillered-onion plateau suberification, divest outer scale, retain with inCentered by heart growing point, the scale of the plateau that diameter is 0.4-1cm and top parcel thereof, the central part of acquisition alliumPosition; Clean, sterilize;
2) after the 3-5mm place crosscut of bottom, remove top scale in centre, be longitudinally divided into along the vertical tangent line of main growing point4 parts, remove the plateau at main growing point and main growing point place, be inoculated in PH5.8, MS+6-BA0.2-0.8mg/L, NAAIn 0.05-0.15mg/L culture medium, cultivate, induced bundle is sprouted;
3) continue to cultivate seedling;
Described 6-BA0.6-0.8mg/L, NAA0.1mg/L;
Described to cut into 4 parts be taking two vertical tangent lines of main growing point as otch, cuts, and is cut into 4 parts, wherein only has1/4 part of stripping and slicing, with main growing point plateau, is peeled the plateau at main growing point and main growing point place off;
The bulb base portion on 1/4 part of described plateau top need to cut again, high to main growing point end far away, nearly main growing pointHold low inclined-plane;
Described tillered-onion bulb is the micro-plateau of laboratory test tube;
The micro-bulb of described test-tube plantlet is that test-tube plantlet reaches more than 8mm through balling culture medium induction cultivation 6 weeks or diameter;
Described test-tube plantlet comprises non-toxic test-tube seedling and detoxification test tube plantlet;
Described detoxification test tube plantlet is to get tillered-onion stem apex position, cleans, sterilization, peel off tillered-onion shoot tip meristem <0.3mm part is induced seedling in startup culture medium; Through identifying the test-tube plantlet of picking out after nontoxic.
The invention provides a kind of tillered-onion plateau method for quickly breeding, cleaned, disappeared in tillered-onion centrePoison, removes top bulb, retains and comprises main growing point at interior plateau, removes main growing point and main growing point plateau, luresLead Multiple Buds, and cultivate seedling, set up tillered-onion plateau rapid propagation system by the optimization of above-mentioned incubation, obtainObtained a large amount of non-toxic test-tube seedlings, this system generation time is short, and growth coefficient is large, and genetic stability is high, can by this systemRealize the fast breeding of tillered-onion, can produce for the batch production of tillered-onion virus-elimination seedlings low price cost is provided, when lowBetween the powerful guarantee of cost, for the industrialization of detoxification tillered-onion lays the foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Impact (a: tillered-onion stem apex of Fig. 1 different hormone combinations on tillered-onion stem apex propagation; B: stem apex 6-BA,Propagation situation in NAA combination; C: the propagation situation of stem apex in 6-BA, IAA);
The acquisition of Fig. 2 tillered-onion plateau;
The micro-plateau cutting step of Fig. 3 tillered-onion test tube flow process;
The micro-plateau cutting step of Fig. 4 tillered-onion test tube schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 5. tillered-onion test tube bulbs dish propagation (a: the micro-plateau of tillered-onion test tube; B: observe under microscope for the 2nd weekPropagation situation; C: the 3rd week adventitious buds proliferation, growing state; D: the 4th week adventitious buds proliferation, growing state);
Fig. 6. tillered-onion the growth of plants is cultivated (a: tillered-onion test tube is bred the seedling of growing thickly; B: individual plant tillered-onion test tubeSeedling; C: the test-tube plantlet after strong seedling culture);
The acquisition in Fig. 7 For-carrying green onion centre;
The acquisition of Fig. 8 For-carrying green onion plateau;
The acquisition of Fig. 9 For-carrying green onion plateau propagation seedling;
Figure 10 For-carrying green onion propagation seedling rooting;
The acquisition of Figure 11 garlic bulb dish;
The inoculation of Figure 12 garlic bulb dish;
Figure 13 garlic bulb dish propagation.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 tillered-onion stem apex propagation
Tillered-onion stem apex is inoculated in respectively to 6-BA, the NAA combination of variable concentrations, in 6-BA, IAA combination culture medium (table 1),Two kinds of hormone combinations all can obtain tillered-onion test tube propagation seedling, but the IAA of same concentrations and NAA are carrying out proliferation-inducingTime, widely different. The propagation seedling growing way of wherein inducing in 6-BA, NAA hormone combinations is better, and coefficient of differentiation is higher, in trainingWhile supporting 4 weeks, average growth coefficient can reach 3.87; Although 6-BA, IAA hormone combinations also can realize stem apex propagation, institute obtainsPropagation seedling thin, a little less than, coefficient of differentiation is low, and has Albino Seedling to occur (as Fig. 1). Visible, the action effect of IAA is not as NAA. CauseThis determines that MS+6-BA0.3mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L culture medium is stem apex propagation optimal medium.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Embodiment 2 tillered-onion plateau propagation
Get one piece of tillered-onion, remove the position of tillered-onion plateau suberification, retain centered by Central growing point diameterFor the plateau of 0.4-1cm and the bulb of top parcel thereof, obtain tillered-onion centre. Tillered-onion centre is usedFlowing water rinses 0.5h, with after 75% alcohol-pickled sterilization 1min, uses subsequently 1%NaClO solution soaking disinfection 15-20min,Aseptic water washing 3-5 time is to remove remaining NaClO, with filter paper suck dry moisture (as Fig. 2) for subsequent use.
Then remove top bulb, retain and comprise main growing point at interior plateau, plateau is cut into 4 parts and remove afterwardsMain growing point and main growing point plateau, be inoculated in respectively taking MS as basal medium, adds 6-BA(0.2-0.8mg/L),NAA(0.1-2.0mg/L), PH is adjusted in 5.8 increment culture medium and cultivates, and induced bundle is sprouted. At 25 DEG C, light application time be16h, intensity of illumination are under 2500lux condition, through the induction of 4 weeks, best with 6-BA, NAA combination induction effect; 6-BA, IAACombination also can induce Multiple Buds, but growth coefficient is low, and regrowth exists lopsided seedling. Wherein plateau is adding 6-BA0.6mg/In the culture medium of L, NAA0.1mg/L, after 4 weeks, differentiation number reaches maximum, the maximum growth coefficient (growth coefficient of each plateau=Bud Differentiation sum/inoculation number) can reach 20(in table 2). Along with the increase of induction time, plateau differentiation number increases, but in inductionAfter the 4th week, plateau differentiation number no longer increases, and the differentiation rate of plateau reaches maximum (in table 3).
Note: MS is basal medium.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Embodiment 3 tillered-onion detoxic seedling test tube ballings
Get tillered-onion stem apex position, flowing water rinses half an hour, with after 75% alcohol-pickled sterilization 1min, uses subsequently 1%NaClOSolution soaking disinfection 15-20min, aseptic water washing 3-5 times is to remove remaining NaClO, for subsequent use with filter paper suck dry moisture, aobviousUnder micro mirror, peel off tillered-onion shoot tip meristem < 0.3mm part, taking MS as basal medium, add the startup of 6-BA, IAAIn culture medium, induce seedling.
After stem apex seedling, taking sucrose as basic carbon source, 30mg/L, 45mg/L, 60mg/L, 75mg/L, 90mg/L are set respectivelyTotally 5 carbon source sugar concentration, inquire into the impact of different sugar concentration on tillered-onion test-tube plantlet balling, screen in best balling culture mediumSugar concentration, finds by cultivation, along with increase bulb balling diameter, the fresh weight of sugared concentration increase. When sugared concentration is higher than 75mg/LTime, balling speed is accelerated but affect the growth of root, causes final bulb average diameter, fresh weight reduction (in table 4).
In detoxic seedling balling incubation, by the regulation and control of cultivating day and night temperature, regulate the balling speed of test-tube plantlet,Preference temperature for tillered-onion growth arranges respectively 25 DEG C/25 DEG C, 25 DEG C/20 DEG C, 25 DEG C/15 DEG C totally 3 groups of diurnal temperaturesProcess screening optimum culturing temperature. In the time that day and night temperature is 10 DEG C, bulb diameter and bulb fresh weight are better than other processing. ThusDetermine that, in tillered-onion detoxic seedling balling process, optimum culturing temperature is 25 DEG C of daytimes, 15 DEG C of nights (in table 5).
In detoxic seedling balling incubation, by the intensity of illumination in incubation, photoperiodic regulation and control, regulate examinationThe balling speed of Guan Miao, arranges respectively 3 groups of intensities of illumination, photoperiod processing for tillered-onion growth conditions. Result shows, withThe prolongation of intensity of illumination and light application time, the average diameter of test tube ball and bulb fresh weight progressively increase, and in intensity of illumination are2500lux, is conducive to tillered-onion detoxification test tube plantlet balling when 16h illumination, 8h dark condition, its test tube ball bulb is on average straightFootpath, bulb fresh weight are all higher than other condition of culture (table 6).
Having set up efficient tillered-onion detoxic seedling test tube bulbs induction system by the optimization of balling condition, is the ocean of tilleringThe fast breeding of green onion virus-elimination seedlings provides favourable guarantee.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Embodiment 4 utilizes the micro-plateau multiplication technique of test tube to set up the fast traditional font of tillered-onion virus-elimination seedlings system
(1) acquisition of the micro-plateau of test tube
Tillered-onion test-tube plantlet is cultivated after 6 weeks through balling or tillered-onion test tube bulb diameter reaches 8mm when above, can cut examinationManage micro-plateau. Taking two vertical tangent lines of main growing point plateau as otch, longitudinally cut, be cut into 4 parts, wherein only have1/4 part of stripping and slicing, with main growing point plateau, is peeled the plateau at main growing point and main growing point place off. Again by 1/4 partThe scale base portion on plateau top cuts again, high to main growing point end far away, and the low inclined-plane of nearly main growing point end is (as Fig. 3, figure4)。
The micro-plateau of test tube is adding the cultivation through 2 weeks in the culture medium of 6-BA0.6mg/L, NAA0.1mg/L, can beUnder microscope, observe the differentiation of Multiple Buds, after 3 weeks, Multiple Buds plant height maximum can reach 1cm, and after 4 weeks, Multiple Buds plant height can reach 3cm(as Fig. 5), and differentiation number reaches maximum, maximum growth coefficient (growth coefficient=Bud Differentiation sum/inoculation of each plateauNumber) can reach 34. Along with the increase of induction time, plateau differentiation number increases, but at the 4th week rear plateau differentiation number of induction no longerIncrease, the differentiation rate of plateau reaches maximum.
(2) open plateau and the impact of the micro-plateau of test tube on tillered-onion test-tube plantlet propagation in field
Using field, open plateau and the micro-bulb of test tube carries out tillered-onion fast breeding, experimental result as explant respectivelyShow, the proliferate efficiency of the micro-bulb of test tube is 1.66 times (in table 7) of the open plateau increment efficiency in field. Illustrate that test tube is micro-Plateau has higher differentiation capability, is suitable as the best explant of tillered-onion fast breeding.
Note: MS is basal medium.
(3) impact of test tube ball development degree on test-tube plantlet propagation
The detoxification kind ball plateau providing using tillered-onion detoxification test tube plantlet is as explant, with the tillered-onion of different growing stagesTest tube ball plateau is that explant carries out test-tube plantlet propagation and cultivates, and result shows, along with the increase of balling incubation time, and test tube ballThe differentiation capability of plateau strengthens gradually, and balling is cultivated and proceeded to the 4th week, when bulb average diameter reaches 3.56mm, has pointChange ability, but the mean tillering number is not high; Cultivate the test tube ball after the 6th week, differentiation capability significantly improves, and the mean tillering number reaches27.63, in the time cultivating the 10th week, the mean tillering number reaches maximum 32.19, and differentiation capability declines afterwards. Thus, we determine knotBall incubation time is the shortest, and time point-balling that differentiation capability is higher is cultivated the 6th week the best as tillered-onion test tube bulbs dishPhase (in table 8) is provided.
Note: MS is basal medium.
On this basis, taking 1/2MS as basal medium, by regulating sugared concentration, the NAA concentration in culture medium, adjusting is grown thicklySeedling growth, rooting rate. Result shows, is in the culture medium (PH=5.8) of 45mg/L, NAA0.1mg/L in sugared concentration, test-tube plantletTake root the fastest, growing way best (in table 9). After 1 week, rooting rate reaches 100%, and test-tube plantlet color is dark green, sturdy, after one week, obtains and dividesTiller Onion Seedling (see figure 6).
Note: MS is basal medium.
Embodiment 5 utilizes For-carrying green onion plateau multiplication technique to set up For-carrying green onion quick reproduction technique system
(1) acquisition of For-carrying green onion plateau
1) get For-carrying green onion bulb, remove For-carrying green onion fibrous root, divest outer scale, retain centered by Central growing point, diameter is 0.4-The scale of the plateau of 1cm and top parcel thereof, the centre (Fig. 7) of acquisition For-carrying green onion;
2) For-carrying green onion centre flowing water is rinsed to half an hour, with after 75% alcohol-pickled sterilization 1min, use subsequently 1%NaClO moltenLiquid soaking disinfection 15-20min, aseptic water washing 3-5 times is to remove remaining NaClO, for subsequent use with filter paper suck dry moisture;
3) after explant sterilization, in centre far from bottom 3-5mm place crosscut and remove top scale, along main growing pointVertical tangential direction, is longitudinally divided into 4 parts, removes the plateau (Fig. 8) for subsequent use at main growing point and main growing point place;
(2) For-carrying green onion plateau propagation
1) taking MS as basal medium, add 6-BA(0.5-2.0mg/L), NAA(0.1-1.0mg/L), PH is adjusted to 5.8,Preparation proliferated culture medium is for subsequent use;
2) plateau is on average cut into 4 parts, be inoculated in (Fig. 9) in proliferated culture medium, after the induction of 8 weeks, the seedling of growing thicklyLarge growth coefficient can reach 20(in table 10).
Note: MS is basal medium.
(3) For-carrying green onion seedling obtains
1), taking MS as basal medium, add NAA(0.1-1.0mg/L), PH is adjusted to 5.8, and preparation root media is for subsequent use;
2) seedling of growing thickly is inoculated in root media, the seedling rooting (table 11) of growing thickly after 3 weeks.
3) seedling of growing thickly after taking root is divided into individual plant, is inoculated in strong seedling culture base, after 4 months, can obtain For-carrying green onion seedling(as Figure 10). Seedling through domestication after can be colonizated in field for the production of.
Note: MS is basal medium.
Embodiment 6 utilizes the micro-plateau multiplication technique of garlic to set up garlic quick reproduction technique system
(1) obtain garlic propagation seedling taking Allium fistulosum stem tips as explant
Allium fistulosum stem tips is inoculated in respectively to 6-BA, the NAA combination of variable concentrations, in 6-BA, IAA combination culture medium, two kinds of hormonesCombination all can obtain garlic propagation seedling, but the IAA of same concentrations and NAA are in the time carrying out proliferation-inducing, widely different. Wherein existThe propagation seedling growing way of inducing in 6-BA, NAA hormone combinations is better, and coefficient of differentiation is higher, and in the time cultivating 4 weeks, average propagation isNumber can reach 7.75; Although 6-BA, IAA hormone combinations also can realize stem apex propagation, the propagation seedling that obtains is thin, a little less than, differentiationCoefficient is low. Visible, the action effect of IAA is not as NAA. Therefore determine that MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L culture medium isStem apex propagation optimal medium (in table 12).
Note: MS is basal medium.
(2) obtain regrowth taking garlic bulb dish as explant
Get independent garlic clove, peel off crust and fibrous root, rinse 0.5h with flowing water, with after 75% alcohol-pickled sterilization 1min, subsequentlyWith 1%NaClO solution soaking disinfection 15-20min, aseptic water washing 3-5 time to be to remove remaining NaClO, blots water with filter paperDivide (seeing Figure 11) for subsequent use. 2)
Remove the white portion of outer wrap, apart from bottom 3-5mm place crosscut and remove top scale, vertical along main growing pointTangential direction, is longitudinally divided into 4 parts, removes the plateau at main growing point and main growing point place, retains 2-3mm2Plateau(seeing Figure 12), is inoculated in respectively taking MS as basal medium, add 6-BA(1.0-3.0mg/L), NAA(0.5-3.0mg/L),PH is adjusted in 5.8 proliferated culture medium and cultivates, and induced bundle is sprouted. Be that 16h, intensity of illumination are at 25 DEG C, light application timeUnder 2500lux condition, cultivate.
Through the induction of 4 weeks, best with 6-BA, NAA combination induction effect; 6-BA, IAA combination also can induce and grow thicklyBud, but growth coefficient is low, and there is lopsided seedling in regrowth. Wherein plateau is adding the cultivation of 6-BA2.0mg/L, NAA0.5mg/LIn base, after 4 weeks, the maximum growth coefficient of each plateau (growth coefficient=Bud Differentiation sum/inoculation number) can reach 40(in table 13). WithThe increase of induction time, plateau differentiation number increases, but no longer increases plateau at the 4th week rear plateau differentiation number of inductionDifferentiation rate reach maximum (seeing Figure 13).
Note: MS is basal medium.