CN105592911A

CN105592911A - Controlling AQCS parameters in a combustion process

Info

Publication number: CN105592911A
Application number: CN201480052247.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·R·布朗; D·B·约翰逊; M·R·加吉尔; S·菲尼; P·J·威廉姆斯; A·L·莫雷蒂; A·A·西尔瓦; T·A·福勒; G·E·帕夫洛维奇; S·F·阿罗姆; D·P·沙佩尔
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Power Generation Group Inc
Priority date: 2013-07-25
Filing date: 2014-07-25
Publication date: 2016-05-18
Also published as: EP3024561A1; EP3024561A4; WO2015013636A1

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to the generation of steam via the use of a combustion process to produce heat and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and/or method that enables one to control one or more process parameters of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream parameter. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to measuring or determining at least one process parameter of a combustion system and using the information obtained from same to control at least one component of the combustion system.

Description

AQCS parameter in control combustion process

Related application data

This international patent application requires " control and the combustion process phase of being entitled as of submitting on March 15th, 2013System and method (the SystemandMethodforControlling of the one or more technological parameters that closeOneorMoreProcessParametersAssociatedwithaCombustionProce ss) " the U.S.The priority that No. 13/837221st, patent application and be its partial continuous application, this patent application selfRequire being entitled as of submission on January 14th, 2013 " to control the one or more techniques relevant to combustion processSystem and method (the SystemandMethodforControllingOneorMoreProcess of parameterParametersAssociatedwithaCombustionProcess) U.S. Provisional Patent Application "The priority of No. 61/752167 and its are not provisional application. This international application is also 2013 7 simultaneouslyWhat the moon 25 was submitted to is entitled as " adsorbent injection and electrostatic precipitator control system integration (SorbentInjectionAndElectrostaticPrecipitatorControlSystemIntegration) U.S. Provisional Patent Application "What No. 61/858478 and on March 10th, 2014 submitted to be entitled as " AQS, andIts purposes and control method (AirQualityControlSystems, UsesforSameandMethodsofControllingSame) " No. 61/950636 partial continuous application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application, and wantAsk their priority. The full text of these patent applications is all incorporated by reference herein.

Invention field and background

1. invention field

Thereby relate generally to of the present invention produces steam by produce heat by combustion process, and oneIn individual embodiment, can control extremely one or more technological parameters of combustion process thereby relate toFew at least one device that conforms with the variation of hope, system and/or method of producing in a downstream parameter.In one embodiment, the present invention relates at least one technological parameter of combustion process to controlSystem and/or method, thus with wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, particle collection device and/Or the interpolation of its additive control and/or nitrogen oxide control device and/or its additive control and/or systemIn at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in agent, produce at least one and conform with hopeChange. In another embodiment, the present invention relates at least two of combustion process technological parameters to enterSystem and/or method that row is controlled, thus collecting with wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, particleDevice and/or its additive control and/or nitrogen oxide control device and/or its additive control and/or systemAdditive at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in produce at least one and conform withThe variation of wishing. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to measurement or definite combustion system at leastA technological parameter, and carry out at least one assembly of control combustion system by thus obtained information.

2. description of Related Art

Use various SO₂Control technique, and also have other techniques in the various development phases. BusinessMetallization processes comprises wet method, semidry method (dry slurry spraying) and complete dry method. Wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) washer is that the whole world is used for to the SO from public utility power plant₂The main skill of controllingArt, its installed capacity is about 85%, but dry flue gas desulphurization (DFGD) system is also for selectedCompared with the application of low-sulfur.

Wet scrubbing technique is classified according to reactant and other technological parameters conventionally. In wet cleanerThe key reaction thing using is lime stone. But, in the time that the concrete economic conditions in place have advantage, alsoCan use any alkaline reactant. Other conventional reactants are lime (CaO), magnesium fortified lime (MgOAnd CaO), ammonia (NH₃) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)。

Many wet processings are also categorized as non-renewable system or reproducible. In non-renewable system,Reactant in washer directly consumes generation sulfur byproduct species, for example gypsum. In reproducible,In the step of separating, the reactant consuming is regenerated, make reactant materials recover further to useAnd generation accessory substance separately, for example elementary sulfur. Nowadays main lime stone and the lime reaction system usingSystem is non-renewable. In many cases, by anti-to non-renewable lime stone reactant systems or limeAnswer system system to repack reproducible into, thereby reduce costs and improve unit availability.

It is known to those skilled in the art that the most frequently used WFGD absorber modular is spray tower design,(referring to for example " steam/its generation and use (Steam/itsgenerationanduse) ", the 41st edition,Kitto and Stultz work, copyright 2005, moral cock and Weir cock are visitd by Ohio, USA Ba Bidun cityThis company (TheBabcock&WilcoxCompany, Barberton, Ohio, U.S.A.), specifically referring toThe 35th chapter, the control of sulfur dioxide, it is incorporated by reference herein in full). At the most frequently used WFGDIn setting, flue gas enters its sidepiece at the approximate mid points place of spray tower, and leaves at top by transforming.The top of module (uptake zone) provides flue gas washing to remove SO₂, the bottom of module has been risen whole simultaneouslyThe effect of somaplasm material retort is (conventionally also referred to as recirculation tank (or absorbent recirculation tank) and oxidationDistrict), produce gypsum thereby complete chemical reaction. Self-supporting absorbent tower typically have a diameter from 20-80Foot (6-24 rice), and highly can reach 150 feet (46 meters). In some designs, underRetort opens downwards to provide larger-diameter tank, while obtaining larger slurry total amount and longer stopBetween. Other key components comprise slurry recirculation pump, the Inter-tier Space spraying head that injects for slurry andNozzle, makes the minimized water-separator of water transport, oxidation air injected system, prevent precipitationSlurry reaction tank agitator, and strengthen SO₂The perforated plate of removal capacity.

Find in wet cleaner one or more oxygen of higher concentration (usually above about 700ppm)Agent (includes but not limited to persulfate, permanganate, manganate, ozone, hypochlorite, chlorineHydrochlorate, nitric acid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine or its combination of two or more arbitrarily) add that thermodynamics hasPH and redox potential (ORP) (usually above the 500mV) condition of profit, can cause solubilizedManganese (Mn²⁺) formation Mn_xO_ySediment, and impact is launched with selenium again and is launched from the mercury of WFGDCharacteristic, amount and/or condition. In addition, the ORP in WFGD can affect one or more other changesThe emission rate of compound or material and/or mutually distribution and/or characteristic. In addition, in WFGD absorbent tankORP can affect the state of oxidation of other ionic species that exist in any selenium and absorbent tank, therebyAffect in the ART of one or more selenium materials and/or WFGD, conventionally exist one or more other fromThe emission control of sub-material (for example, enter the transmitting for the treatment of unit for waste water or system, from wastewater treatmentThe transmitting of unit or system and/or leave treatment unit for waste water or the transmitting of system etc.). As a rule, inhaleReceive in agent recirculation tank (ART), the ORP that is greater than about 300mV tends to promote selenium (VI) materialAnd/or the formation of compound (for example, selenate ion and/or compound etc.).

In addition need to be optimized the control of various AQSs (AQCS). Along withIncreasing generating public utility starts to change megawatt (MW) output, boiler, SCR, SNCR,Bag chamber, ESP and WFGD start " requirement " variation performance and respond these load variations. Therefore, needWant various optimizers, it can allow more effectively to use power input, lime stone in ammonia, ESPAnd/or lime injects and enters WFGD or DFGD, and potential higher-quality gypsum accessory substance,Power in WFGD, and/or the various pumps that are combined with WFGD unit.

In addition, various parameter influences following one or more: dry adsorbent inject (DSI) system and/orWet adsorbent inject (WSI) system, active carbon inject (ACI) system, water inject (WI) forThe operation of gas regulation and/or one or more electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and/or various parameter.

Before, be used for controlling adsorbent injection distribution/flow and ESP and operate to alleviate particle, Hg, SO₃(it is via power plant, refuse with flue gas containing forming in coal/mercury/sulfuration stone fuel combustion process and refuseThe air pollution that recirculation factory and other industrial process burn to follow federal and state requires) inA kind of method of the discharge of other pollutants is to control dividually adsorbent/water injected system and ESP operation,Thereby ignore influencing each other between each the operation in these systems.

Known in industry, the SO in flue gas₃Reduce the powdered active carbon (PAC) of Hg&VOC ' sAbsorption efficiency, because the active surface plot point position on itself and PAC particle competes, and tends toMore clogging holes. Fig. 1 shows SO₃For the typical effects of PAC demand.

On the other hand, SO₃By reducing grey resistance, improve the performance of dry method electrostatic precipitator (ESP).Conventionally adopt dry adsorption agent to inject (DSI) system and/or wet type adsorbent injection (WSI) system,Reduce SO for injecting (ACI) system at the active carbon that uses PAC₃And strengthen Hg and remove. DoFor result, DSI and/or WSI have the possibility that causes higher opacity level in the air-flow that leaves ESPProperty, this is due to the SO reducing₃Resistance in the part or all of section of the caused ESP of concentration increasesCause. DSI and/or PAC use white lime may cause grey resistance higher in ESP, causePoor ESP performance and higher particulate emission.

The grain amount of removing from flue gas by ESP depends on the corona discharge power applying. Corona discharge power is coronaThe product of electric current and voltage. Need electric current to make particle charged. Need voltage to support electric field, itself and thenParticle is transferred to collecting board. The increase of corona discharge power causes the increase of collection efficiency. The decline of ash resistanceCan contribute to improve corona discharge power level, and the increase meeting of grey resistance causes negative effect to corona discharge power.

In view of mentioned above, previous control method be each piece of independent control device: DSI and/orWSI for acid gas control, WI (water injections) for gas regulation, ACI for Hg control andESP spark frequency, for optimizing power input, controls particulate emission, current independent technology controlling and process skillArt does not solve overall performance impact each other.

Thus, this area exists for the demand of following system and/or method, by it to burning processOne or more technological parameters are controlled, thereby the ORP control of generation WFGD absorbent tank hasProfit changes and/or produces the favourable variation that permission is controlled the ORP of WFGD absorbent tank, thusProduce the ability of controlling one or more downstreams parameters, thereby in the absorbent tank of WFGD unitORP produces positive influences, improves the operation of WFGD unit, or improves, alleviates and/or control andFrom one or more materials in Huo Qi downstream, WFGD unit or the discharge of compound. In addition exist respectively,The demand that the parameter of kind of AQCS equipment is controlled, thus be allowed for AQCS overall one orThe global optimization program of multiple parts. In addition, this area exist for as lower device, system and/orThe demand of method, it is by measuring in real time, analyze and/or controlling one or more operational factors, with realityNow the one or more performance in DSI, ACI, WSI, WI and/or ESP is controlled and/orOptimize.

Summary of the invention

Thereby relate generally to of the present invention produces steam by produce heat by combustion process, and oneIn individual embodiment, can one or more parameters of combustion process be controlled at least and be existed thereby relate toIn a downstream parameter, produce at least one device that conforms with the variation of hope, system and/or method. OneIn individual embodiment, the present invention relates to the system that at least one technological parameter of combustion process is controlledAnd/or method, thereby adding with wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, particle collection device and/or itsAdd in the additive of agent control and/or nitrogen oxide control device and/or its additive control and/or systemIn one or more at least one relevant downstream process parameter, produce the variation that at least one conforms with hope.In another embodiment, the present invention relates at least two of combustion process technological parameters to controlSystem and/or method, thereby with wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, particle collection device and/ or the interpolation of its additive control and/or nitrogen oxide control device and/or its additive control and/or systemIn at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in agent, produce at least one and conform with hopeChange. In another embodiment, the present invention relates at least one work of measurement or definite combustion systemSkill parameter, and carry out at least one assembly of control combustion system by thus obtained information.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of method that wet flue gas desulfurization unit is optimized,The method comprises the following steps: (I) to be selected from least one following parameter measure, analyze and/Or control: (a) fuel type and/or amount to be burnt in combustion process; (b) arrive combustion processOxidation air flow; (c) through the escaping of ammonia of SCR unit; (d) from selectionProperty catalytic reduction unit nitrogen oxide output; (e) particle control and/or trap setting parameter; (f)Mercury material in flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms; (g) the selenium material shape in flue gas and/or absorbent tankBecome; (h) chemical property in the flue gas of WFGD and/or absorbent tank; (i) absorbent of WFGDRedox potential in tank; (j) suspended solid amount in the absorbent tank of wet flue gas desulfurization unit;(k) lime stone using in wet flue gas desulfurization unit and/or stone ash analysis; (l) be supplied to wetThe amount of one or more reactants of formula flue gas desulfurization unit tower; (m) cigarette of wet flue gas desulfurization unitThe SO of gas porch₂Concentration; (n) the entrance opacity of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (o) fromThe PI data of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (p) dissolved solids in wet flue gas desulfurization unit; With/Or (q) the relative saturation degree of the gypsum crystal in wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (II) from step (I)Described at least one parameter generating data; (III) use the data that produce in step (II) to being selected fromAt least one following operational factor regulates: (A) operability wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower level;(B) reactant feed flow of arrival wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (C) arrive wet flue gas desulfurization unitOxidation air stream; (D) flow out thing speed from the absorbent of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (E) wetLiquid-gas ratio in formula flue gas desulfurization unit tower; (F) absorbent moving in wet flue gas desulfurization unit againThe quantity of circulating pump; (G) one or more dehydrating operation parameters; (H) arrive SCRThe ammonia feed rate of unit; (I) gypsum purity; (J) stone in wet flue gas desulfurization unit absorbent towerThe fouling that cream is relevant forms; (K) parasitic power loss of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (L) inhaleReceive the redox potential in agent recirculation tank; (M) effluent stream waste water place, wet flue gas desulfurization unitReason parameter; (N) SO of wet flue gas desulfurization unit₂Removal efficiency; (O) gypsum crystal in slurryRelative saturation degree; And/or (P) total dissolved solidss in wet flue gas desulfurization unit.

In another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of side that wet flue gas desulfurization unit is optimizedMethod, the method comprises the following steps: (I) measure being in real time selected from least one following parameter,Analyze and/or control: (a) fuel type and/or amount to be burnt in combustion process; (b) arrive combustionThe oxidation air flow of burning process; (c) through the escaping of ammonia of SCR unit; (d) comeThe nitrogen oxide output of self-selectively catalytic reduction unit; (e) particle control and/or trap setting parameter;(f) the mercury material in flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms; (g) the selenium thing in flue gas and/or absorbent tankMatter forms; (h) chemical property in the flue gas of WFGD and/or absorbent tank; (i) suction of WFGDReceive the redox potential in agent tank; (j) suspended solid in the absorbent tank of wet flue gas desulfurization unitAmount; (k) lime stone using in wet flue gas desulfurization unit and/or stone ash analysis; (l) supply withArrive the amount of one or more reactants of wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower; (m) wet flue gas desulfurization unitThe SO at smoke inlet place₂Concentration; (n) the entrance opacity of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (o)From the PI data of wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (p) dissolved solids in wet flue gas desulfurization unit;And/or (q) the relative saturation degree of the gypsum crystal in wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (ii) from step (I)Described at least one parameter generating real time data; (iii) use the real time data producing in step (II)Regulate being selected from least one following operational factor: (A) operability wet flue gas desulfurization listUnit's tower level; (B) reactant feed flow of arrival wet flue gas desulfurization unit; (C) arrive wet type cigaretteThe oxidation air stream of desulfurization unit; (D) flow out thing speed from the absorbent of wet flue gas desulfurization unitRate; (E) liquid-gas ratio in wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower; (F) in wet flue gas desulfurization unit, transportThe quantity of the absorbent recirculation pump of row; (G) one or more dehydrating operation parameters; (H) arrive choosingThe ammonia feed rate of selecting property catalytic reduction unit; (I) gypsum purity; (J) wet flue gas desulfurization unitThe fouling that in absorbent tower, gypsum is relevant forms; (K) parasitic power of wet flue gas desulfurization unitLoss; (L) redox potential in absorbent recirculation tank; (M) wet flue gas desulfurization unit streamGo out logistics wastewater treatment parameter; (N) SO of wet flue gas desulfurization unit₂Removal efficiency; (O) slurryIn the relative saturation degree of gypsum crystal; And/or (P) total dissolved solidss in wet flue gas desulfurization unit.

In another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of side that wet flue gas desulfurization unit is optimizedMethod, the method comprises the steps: combustion process and/or at least one combustion process air quality controlAt least one technological parameter of system is controlled, measures and/or analyzes, thereby obtains at least one group of dataGroup; With described at least one group of data group realize with wet flue gas desulfurization unit, particle collection device and/Or at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in nitrogen oxide control device conform with uncommonThe variation of hoping.

In another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of side that wet flue gas desulfurization unit is optimizedMethod, the method comprises the steps: combustion process and/or at least one combustion process air quality controlAt least two technological parameters of system are controlled, measure and/or analyze, thereby obtain at least two group dataGroup; With described at least two group data groups realize with wet flue gas desulfurization unit, particle collection device and/Or at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in nitrogen oxide control device conform with uncommonThe variation of hoping.

In another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of side that wet flue gas desulfurization unit is optimizedMethod, the method comprises the following steps: to be selected from least one following parameter measure, analyze and/orControl: (i) desulfurizing tower load; (ii) oxidation air flow; (iii) one or more boiler parameters;(iv) one or more SCR cell parameters; And/or (v) one or more electrostatic precipitationsDevice parameter; From described at least one parameter generating data of step before; And before using, step is producedRaw data regulate and are selected from least one following operability parameter: (a) one or more gypsum are producedCharacter and/or parameter; (b) redox potential in absorbent recirculation tank; (c) absorbent follows againThe pH of ring tank solution; (d) one or more compounds and/or the ion in absorbent recirculation tank solutionConcentration, type and/or material form; And/or (e) absorbent recirculation tank solution and/or Wet smokeOne or more oxidant compounds in desulfurization unit and/or the concentration of ion, type and/or material shapeBecome.

In another aspect of the present invention, relate generally to of the present invention is by producing heat by combustion processThereby generation steam, and in one embodiment, relate to can be to combustion process one or moreThereby technological parameter is controlled at least and produce the variation that at least one conforms with hope in a downstream parameterDevice, system and/or method. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to by least oneOr multiple operating parameters measure in real time, analyze and/or control, thus to DSI, ACI, WSI,Device, system and/or method that the performance of WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimized. These parameter bagsDraw together but be not limited to, boiler load, ESP power, ESP electric current, ESP voltage, opacity, particle,ESP spark frequency, SO₃Measurement, SO₂Measurement, O₂Measurement, grey resistance measurement, VOC measure, skyHot-air heater outlet temperature, air heater speed, SCR inlet temperature, SCR outlet temperature, SCRCatalyst S O₂To SO₃Conversion ratio, flue gas weight, smoke gas flow, the charge velocity (injection of DSIRate), the charge velocity (injectionrate) of the charge velocity of WSI (injectionrate), ACI andHg discharge.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to device, system and/or method, as shown and described herein,It is by measuring in real time, analyze and/or control one or more operational factors, with realize to DSI, ACI,One or more performance in WSI, WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimizes.

In another aspect of the present invention, device, system and/or method are provided, as shown here and instituteState, it is by measuring in real time, analyze and/or control one or more operational factors, with realize to DSI,One or more performance in ACI, WSI, WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimizes, wherein,Operational factor is selected from: boiler load, ESP power, ESP electric current, ESP voltage, opacity,Grain, ESP spark frequency, SO₃Measurement, SO₂Measurement, O₂Measurement, grey resistance measurement, VOC measure,Air heater outlet temperature, air heater speed, SCR inlet temperature, SCR outlet temperature, SCRCatalyst S O₂To SO₃Charge velocity, the WSI of conversion ratio, flue gas weight, smoke gas flow, DSIThe charge velocity of charge velocity, ACI and Hg discharge, or its combination of both or more persons arbitrarily.

In another aspect of the present invention, provide one or more assemblies of combustion system have been optimizedMethod, the method comprises the following steps: (I) data are measured, are collected and/or analyze, described inData are from being selected from least one following parameter: (a) load of boiler, fuelling rate and/orIndividual or multiple fuel states; (b) the import SO before flue gas enters WFGD unit₂Concentration or waterFlat; (c) WFGD tower level; (d) WFGD unit pH level; (e) absorbent recirculation tankORP; (f) from the WFGD effluent ORP of the ART of WFGD; (g) from WFGD unitContained outlet SO in the treated flue gas leaving₂Concentration or level; (h) at flue gas from boiler or stoveMeasured flue gas O after son leaves₂Content, concentration and/or level; (i) NO_xControl device anti-Answer thing charge velocity; (j) leave NO_xOutlet NO in the flue of control device_xLevel and/or concentration;(k) charge velocity of one or more adsorbents in one or more DSI injection units; (l) doSulphur concentration and/or the type of sulphur compound existing for leaving the flue gas form of DSI unit; (m) ESPThe spark frequency of unit and/or power level, first and/or the 2nd ESP voltage, first and/or the 2nd ESPElectric current and/or ESP gas flux, if or by the particle control device realization of some other typesGrain control device is relative one or more operational factor; And/or (n) leave WFGDMercury level in the flue gas of unit, concentration and or type; (II) from step (I) described at least oneParameter generating data; And (III) use the data that produce in step (II) to regulate to be selected from following combustionAt least one operability parameter of one or more assemblies of burning system: boiler or stove, one or moreNO_xControl device, one or more DSI unit, one or more particle control module, one or manyIndividual WFGD unit, one or more wastewater treatment equipment, or its both or more persons' any combination.

In one case, immediately as the one or more ginsengs that regulate in the step (III) of method aboveNumber comprises following one or more: the oxidation air that (i) arrives one or more WFGD unit is supplied withRate; (ii) arrive the supply rate of lime stone, lime and/or the white lime of one or more WFGD unit;(iii) any one or pluralities of fuel additive charge velocity and/or concentration; (iv) boiler or stoveBurning control deviation (controlbias); (v) one or more NO_xControl device parameter, control and/Or NH₃Charge velocity deviation, control and/or urea charge velocity deviation; (vi) DSI charge velocity, classType and/or concentration and/or SO₃Concentration; (vii) PAC charge velocity and/or type; (viii) particle controlThe control of unit processed deviation and/or other particulate units technological parameters; (ix) WFGD additive injects speedRate, concentration and/or type; (x) additive that is supplied to any decanting point in combustion system injects speedRate, concentration and/or type; And/or (xi) arbitrarily treatment unit for waste water and/or systematic parameter.

In appended claims, point out the various features as the novelty of feature of the present invention, andForm a part herein. In order to understand better the present invention, its service advantages and to use institute by itThe concrete benefit obtaining, with reference to accompanying drawing and the description of having described illustrative embodiments of the present invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows SO₃The PAC demand of controlling and/or capturing for the mercury (Hg) that meets desired levelThe typical effects of amount;

Fig. 2 A is the top view of a quasi-representative DSI distribution grid;

Fig. 2 B is the side view of a quasi-representative DSI distribution grid; And

Fig. 3 shows fossil fuel fired boiler system, and it has one or more possible first or secondImport, it is for providing information and/or feedback to one or more optimizers of the present invention and/or controller,Thereby make method of the present invention can export the one or more first and/or second control signal, to realizeThe optimization of fossil fuel fired boiler system and/or relative one or more AQCS devices.

Invention is described

In one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method comprise following one or more carrying outControl and/or monitoring: (i) desulfurizing tower load; (ii) oxidation air flow; (iii) one or moreBoiler parameter; (iv) one or more SCRs (SCR) cell parameters; And (v)One or more parameters of particle collection device (for example, electrostatic precipitator (ESP)).

Thus, below in more detail the details of above-mentioned each parameter will be discussed. For parameter (i), oneIn individual embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to by following one or more are dividedAnalyse, control and/or monitor, for example coming, to desulfurization unit (, wet flue gas desulfurization unit (WFGD))Tower load analyze, control and/or monitor: boiler unit produce megawatt load; SO₂RemoveRate; And/or the entrance SO of at least one porch existence of desulfurization unit₂Amount.

For parameter (ii), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to supplyingBe given to amount, the stream of the oxidation air of desulfurization unit (for example, wet flue gas desulfurization unit (WFGD))Amount and/or type are analyzed, control and/or monitor. Do not wish to be subject to theoretical arbitrarily restriction, believe logicalCrossing amount, flow and/or the type of the oxidation air to being supplied to desulfurization unit analyzes, controls and/or superviseSurvey, can control the generation of sulphur compound in flue gas and desulfurization unit and/or material. And then, believe thisAffect the formation of other strong oxidizers, because known inferior sulfate radical is in flue gas and/or desulfurization unit environmentAs reducing agent. In addition, the generation meeting of sulfite ion and/or material to the generation of any ozone and/Or exist exert an influence, described any ozone may be due to any one or more particle collection device (examplesAs, electrostatic precipitator) operation and exist. In addition, by various types of sulphite materials and/Or the amount of ion and/or concentration controls, can control the conversion ratio of calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate, this entersAnd can control the purity of gypsum productive rate and/or WFGD.

For parameter (iii), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to respectivelyPlanting boiler parameter analyzes, controls and/or monitor. This type of parameter includes but not limited to, fuel supply speedRate, oxidation air delivery rate, overfire air delivery rate, the type of fuel, fuel composition, fuelType, fuel impurity etc. Due to one or more boiler parameters mentioned above are analyzed, being controlledAnd/or monitoring, can control various obtained downstream parameter or downstream process parameter. Do not wishBe subject to any one restriction theoretical and/or downstream process parameter that can be controlled, then can pass throughOne or more boiler parameters mentioned above are controlled, thereby for example affected wet scrubber againORP in circulating tank (also referred to as absorbent recirculation tank or ART). This so can work as ARTIn ORP become and do not conform with while hope, control and/or alleviate the various etching problems of existence. In addition,One or more boiler parameters are analyzed, control and/or monitor to realize grey resistance is controlledSystem.

" grey resistance " used herein refers to ash and accepts the resistance of electric charge. Ash Resistance Influence particle is collected dressPut (electrostatic precipitator particularly) and efficiently complete its task of distributing (, from flue gas collecting granulesMaterial) ability. In addition, boiler parameter is also removed any of nitrogen-containing oxide to being used for from flue gasThe running status of SRC exerts an influence. Thus, boiler parameter can be to the ozone that can produce by ESPThe raw remote-effects of volume production, because boiler parameter affects the grey amount and/or the type that produce by combustion process.Ash type and/or amount and then impact are collected the necessary service condition of described ash for ESP. For example, ifESP need to move to obtain higher-wattage with higher-wattage operation and/or higher spark frequency, thereby fullyThe ash in flue gas is collected on ground, and this condition can cause the ozone producing in flue gas to increase.

Do not wish to be subject to the restriction of any one theory, believe the increase of ozone concentration in flue gas (or amount)(this is the feelings of WFGD for flue gas desulfurization unit to cause ORP in ART not conform with the variation of hopeCondition is certain). This is because ozone is strong oxidizer. Therefore, electric to ash by this type of parameterThe impact of resistance, the ozone amount that boiler parameter remote-effects produce. This is correct for most applications, if but added one or more additives and/or to boiler to coal before coal is supplied to burnerAnd/or add any additive in the smoke gas flow of SCR upstream (, hot side), produce for ozoneRaw and/or ESP parameter may not produce and/or obtain identical result and/or impact.

For parameter (iv), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to respectivelyPlanting SCR parameter analyzes, controls and/or monitor. This type of parameter includes but not limited to, through selectiveThe escaping of ammonia of catalytic reduction (SCR) unit and/or from the nitrogen oxide output of SCR. Believe this type of ginsengNumber can exert an influence to the ORP in ART. In one embodiment, control one or more boilersParameter is more even more important than controlling various SCR parameters for the ORP controlling in ART. At anotherIn embodiment, control SCR parameter even more important than controlling boiler parameter, thereby realize requiredORP controls. In another embodiment, by controlling at least one boiler parameter in conjunction with at least oneAny various combinations of SCR parameter, have realized the required control of the ORP in ART.

For parameter (v), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to respectivelyPlanting ESP parameter analyzes, controls and/or monitor. It will be apparent for a person skilled in the art that thisIf factor is only applicable to have ESP's in the attached AQS of the combustion process of discussionWords. In one embodiment, the ESP parameter of analyzing, controlling and/or monitor includes but not limited toESP power, ESP voltage, ESP ampere and/or ESP spark frequency.

As described above, ESP power and/or ESP spark frequency are relevant to grey resistance. Ash resistance also mayBe subject to the impact of other factors, include but not limited to that ESP power supply and/or controller and/or gas are logicalAmount. May need to consider these factors, as ESP power mentioned above and/or ESP spark frequencySupplement or substitute. In one case, if ash has high-resistance words for receiving electric charge, canEnergy need to increase one or both in ESP power and/or ESP spark frequency, to realize required ashExcept level. ESP power and/or ESP spark frequency are higher, and ozone generating speed rate and/or concentration are higher.In addition it is well known by persons skilled in the art, may needing in ozone formation field another factor of considering" anti-corona effect (backcoronaeffect) ". This so cause ORP higher in ART, this isIn the direct impact increasing due to ozone concentration or ozone and flue gas, other materials or the compound that exist are anti-Some chemicals that should produce and/or material cause. SO₃Injection, sodium adsorbent, wet type or dry typeAdsorbent, and for example trona (that is, and trona, it also can be write as its hydrated formNa₃(CO₃)(HCO₃)·2H₂O or Na₂CO₃·NaHCO₃·2H₂O) and/or hydrated lime look rightIn ESP, the formation of ozone exerts an influence. It should be noted, term " trona " as wide region explain,Be not limited to is separately only hydration status mentioned above.

Do not wish to be subject to the restriction of any one theory, believe the injection shadow of one or more above-claimed cpdsRing grey resistance, thereby the ozone amount that the power in ESP and spark produce is caused to positive influences or negativeImpact. Thereby, in one embodiment, the present invention includes being injected into the material type in smoke gas flowAnalyze, control and/or monitor, thereby determining the impact of this compounds on grey resistance. As institute aboveState, the increase of grey resistance can cause the increase of ozone generating, because resist while accepting electric charge when ash becomes more,Become and need to increase one or both in ESP power and/or ESP spark frequency, thereby realize requiredAsh remove level. As described above, this so that can cause the ORP of ART not conform with the variation of hope,This is due to the mutual work that has the increase of ozone amount and/or the increase of various flue gas composition and level of ozoneWith the increase of the formation of the various product that cause.

Thus, one or more analyses of listed various parameters above, control survey, measurement and/Or determine, can realize following one or more are controlled and/or optimized: (a) one or moreGypsum nature of production and/or parameter, include but not limited to, gypsum purity, gypsum moisture and/or gypsumMass flow; (b) redox potential (ORP) in absorbent recirculation tank (ART); And (c)The pH of ART solution. Can pass through ORP (unit, mV) or be designed to measure and/or monitoring ARTThe sensor of the oxygenate content in solution, measure, monitor and/or definite ART in ORP. ORPAnd then can affect various parameters, and include but not limited to, the aqueous substance in ART solution, for example, selenium,Cobalt, manganese, mercury, arsenic, and any other trace elements of the potential existence of possibility in coal, they may beAt present or carry out control the foreseeable future. For the pH of ART solution, can be by variousKnown method is measured the pH of this solution, includes but not limited to titration, pH meter etc.

In another embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method comprise to following one or more enterRow is controlled and/or monitoring: (I) in combustion process, fuel type and/or amount to be burnt (for example, changedStone fuel type, as coal type); (II) the oxidation air flow of arrival combustion process; (III) asFruit exists, through the escaping of ammonia of SCR (SCR) unit; (IV) if existed, from the nitrogen oxide output of SCR; (V) particle control and/or trap setting are (for example, quietElectric precipitator (ESP)), include but not limited to one or more particle collection device operational factors;The additive of ESP system comprises but is not limited to, and grey conditioning agent, includes but not limited to sulfur material; Inject and useIn reducing SO₃System additive; (VI) the mercury material in flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms; (VII)Selenium material in flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms; (VIII) the absorbent tank of flue gas and/or WFGDIn chemicals; (IX) redox potential (ORP) of the absorbent tank of WFGD; Absorbent tankIn pH; (X) amount of the suspended solid (SS) in the absorbent tank of WFGD; (XI) in WFGDThe lime stone using and/or stone ash analysis; (XII) be supplied to the various reactants of WFGD towerAmount; (XIII) SO at the smoke inlet place of WFGD₂Concentration; (XIV) entrance of WFGD is not saturatingLightness; And/or (XV) from the PI data of WFGD.

Thus, below in more detail the details of above-mentioned each parameter will be discussed. For parameter (I), oneIn individual embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to fuel-based to be burnt in combustion processType and/or amount (for example, fossil fuel type, as coal type) are analyzed, control and/or monitor. ?Adopt in the situation of this parameter analysis, can complete and treat by following one or more known analytical technologiesThe analysis of combustion fuel, includes but not limited to: gas-chromatography, liquid chromatogram, gaschromatographic mass spectrometry(GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FTIR, flame analysis etc. In another embodiment,Can be by adopting two or more technology mentioned above to complete the analysis for the treatment of combustion fuel. WhenWhen employing, the analysis for the treatment of combustion fuel can relate to analyze calorific value, phosphorus amount, hydrogen amount, chlorine dose, fluorine amount,The amount of sulfur content, one or more heavy metals (for example, mercury, cadmium, selenium etc.), moisture, ash content,Content of mineral substances (for example, pyrite).

Or, can adopt one or more sensors that are designed to the amount of measuring gas phase sulfur and/or gas phase phosphorusOr probe, find out sulphur in burning gases and/or the amount of phosphorus. Because this type of probe is art technology peopleMember is known, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, any probe and/or the sensor of use associated with various systems of the present invention and/or method can be putPut in the one or more positions that produce in steam combustion process, include but not limited to, boiler, boilerCombustion zone, economizer, air heater (if present), SCR or SNCR are (if existedWords), particle control device (for example, ESP or bag chamber) and/or WFGD. It should be noted,Above-mentioned position is exemplary naturally, and the present invention is not limited only to listed position above. On the contrary,The optional position producing in vapor system be can adopt, any one multiple sensors or spy are wherein positioned atPin produces at least a useful data. In addition, if possible, if suitable sensor or probeCan measure and/or analyze required given parameters or multiple parameter, can complete in real time as herein describedAnalyze arbitrarily.

For parameter (II), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to arrivingThe oxidation air flow that reaches combustion process is analyzed, controls and/or monitors. In this embodiment, canTo visit by use traffic or the oxidation air amount that can realize being supplied to combustion processThe other system of knowing completes this analysis. Or, can use metering system, thereby can determineBe supplied to the amount of the oxidation air of combustion process. In another embodiment, known can be to supplyingBe given to various other systems and/or method that the gas of technique measures and/or measures, and can be used for thisThe amount of the oxidation air that is being supplied to combustion process determined in literary composition. It should be noted some burning processMay not adopt the oxidation air of separation to supply with. In this case, can ignore for being supplied to combustion processOxidation air quantitative analysis, but as an alternative, may relate to ORP and/or dissolved oxygen sensing.

For parameter (III), in one embodiment, if present, system of the present invention and/Or method relate to analyze, control through the escaping of ammonia of SCR (SCR) unit and/Or monitoring. The technical staff in emission control field can know, for through selective catalysis also determiningSystem and/or the method for the amount of the escaping of ammonia of former (SCR) unit are known in the art, and can adoptWith this type systematic and/or method obtain relevant to the amount of ammonia slip through SCR in conjunction with the present invention arbitrarilyData. Because this type systematic and/or method are well known by persons skilled in the art, so for succinct objectOmit detailed description herein.

For parameter (IV), in one embodiment, if present, system of the present invention and/Or method relates to the nitrogen oxide output from SCR is analyzed, controlled and/or monitors. Emission controlThe technical staff in field can know, is this area for system and/or the method for determining gas nitrogen amountKnown, and can adopt this type systematic arbitrarily and/or method in conjunction with the present invention obtain with gas inThe amount of nitrogen and/or nitrogen-containing compound and/or concentration dependent data. Because this type systematic and/or method are theseThose skilled in the art are known, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (V), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to oneThe operational factor of individual or multiple particle control and/or trap setting (for example, electrostatic precipitator (ESP))Analyze, control and/or monitor. This type of operational factor can include but not limited to, power input, fireFlower frequency, voltage, ampere etc. This type of operational factor also comprises on the additive or ESP that reaches ESPThe additive of trip, includes but not limited to, flying dust conditioning agent, includes but not limited to, the injection of sulfur material.

For parameter (VI), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to cigaretteMercury material in gas and/or absorbent tank forms and analyzes, controls and/or monitor. Emission control fieldTechnical staff can know, is ability for system and/or the method for the type of determining mercury in flue gas materialTerritory is known, and can adopt arbitrarily this type systematic and/or method in conjunction with the present invention obtain with gas inType, amount and/or the concentration dependent data of various mercury materials. Suitable method can comprise but not limitIn, titration, liquid chromatogram, gaschromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FTIR,Flame analysis and/or the deduction of analyzing from the ORP in ART. Because this type systematic and/or method are theseThose skilled in the art are known, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (VII), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toSelenium material in flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms and analyzes, controls and/or monitor. Emission control fieldTechnical staff can know, be this for the system of type and/or the method for determining flue gas selenium materialField is known, and can adopt any this type systematic and/or method to obtain and gas in conjunction with the present inventionIn type, amount and/or the concentration dependent data of various selenium materials. Suitable method can comprise but notBe limited to, titration, liquid chromatogram, gaschromatographic mass spectrometry (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FTIR,Flame analysis and/or the deduction of analyzing from the ORP in ART. Due to complete its this type systematic and/Or method is well known by persons skilled in the art, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (VIII), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toChemicals in the absorbent tank of flue gas and/or WFGD form and analyze, control and/or monitor. RowThe technical staff of putting control field can know, for determining absorbent tank solution each of WFGDSystem and/or the method for planting chemical parameters and/or physical parameter are well known by persons skilled in the art. Can enterExemplary chemical parameters and/or physical parameter that row is analyzed include but not limited to, the pH of absorbent tank solution,Opacity, the suction of the proportion of absorbent tank solution, the viscosity of absorbent tank solution, absorbent tank solutionIn total suspended solid in receipts agent tank solution, the recirculation rate of absorbent tank solution and/or absorbent tank, depositOne or more aqueous substances (for example, persulfate material concentration and/or type, one or moreOxidant material and/or concentration, cl concn, fluorine concentration, calcium concentration, sulphur-oxygen compound, sulphur-nitrificationThing, magnesium material concentration and/or type, mercury concentration, selenium concentration and type). Herein, and description andIn claims, other local terms " oxidant " include but not limited to, persulfate, permanganic acidSalt, manganate, ozone, hypochlorous acid, chlorate, nitric acid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine or its any two kindsOr more kinds of combination. Herein, other local term " over cures and in description and claimsHydrochlorate " be defined as and include but not limited to, peroxidating dithionate (S₂O₈ ^2-) or peroxidating sulfate mono rootIon (SO₅ ^2-) one or both. Therefore, description and claims term " mistake used in the whole textSulfate " comprise persulfuric acid radical ion and other forms of ionic compound mentioned above, nothing simultaneouslyWhether these ions of opinion are combined in Chemical composition that or in ionic condition, because they are at solutionIn.

About above-mentioned to be measured and/or one or more parameters of analyzing, suitable method can comprise but notBe limited to, titration, liquid chromatogram, gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analyze, FRITAnd/or flame analysis. Because this type systematic and/or the method that complete it are well known by persons skilled in the art,So omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (IX), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toThe redox potential (ORP) of the absorbent tank of WFGD is analyzed, controls and/or monitors. This type ofDetermining of the ORP of absorbent tank solution can complete by the whole bag of tricks, includes but not limited to determine variousAqueous substance (for example, one or more oxidant material concentrations and/or type, persulfate material concentrationAnd/or type, magnesium material concentration and/or type, cl concn, fluorine concentration, calcium concentration, sulphur-oxygen compound,Sulphur-nitrogen compound, magnesium material concentration and/or type, mercury concentration, selenium concentration and type) concentration. AboutAbove-mentioned to be measured and/or analyze one or more aqueous substances, suitable method can comprise but not limitIn, titration, liquid chromatogram, gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FRIT,Conductivity measurement, the redox potential of absorbent tank solution are measured and/or flame analysis. Owing to completing itThis type systematic and/or method be well known by persons skilled in the art, so omit for succinct object hereinDetailed description.

For parameter (X), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toSuspended solid (SS) in the absorbent tank of WFGD or even total suspended solid (TSS) divideAnalyse, control and/or monitor. Can by various known technologies and/or system complete this type of measure, comprise butBe not limited to titration and/or opacity measurement, gravimetric method etc.

For parameter (XI), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toThe lime stone and/or the lime that in WFGD, use are analyzed, control and/or monitors. This alanysis canTo include but not limited to, carry out composition analysis, be supplied to WFGD's via following one or more technologyThe amount of lime stone and/or lime, this technology includes but not limited to, titration, liquid chromatogram, gas-chromatography-The conductivity measurement of mass spectrum (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FRIT, absorbent tank solution,Redox potential is measured and/or flame analysis. Because this type systematic and/or the method that complete it are this areasKnown to the skilled, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (XI), in one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to supplyingThe amount that is given to the various reactants of WFGD tower is analyzed, is controlled and/or monitors. This type of reactant bagDraw together but be not limited to, water, pH buffer, reducing agent, oxidant, organic acid or its two or moreMixture. This alanysis can include but not limited to, via following one or more technology to being supplied toWFGD carries out composition analysis, purity analysis etc., and this technology includes but not limited to, titration, liquid chromatogram,The conduction of gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), mass spectrum, NMR analysis, FRIT, absorbent tank solutionRate is measured, redox potential is measured and/or flame analysis. Owing to completing its this type systematic and/or methodWell known by persons skilled in the art, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (XIII), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toThe SO at the smoke inlet place of WFGD₂Concentration is analyzed, is controlled and/or monitors. Emission control fieldTechnical staff can know, for determining gas SO₂System and/or the method for amount are known in the art, and can adopt any this type systematic and/or method in conjunction with the present invention obtain with gas in SO₂Amount and/or concentration dependent data. Because this type systematic and/or method are that those skilled in the art are known, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

For parameter (XIV), in one embodiment, it is right that system of the present invention and/or method relate toThe entrance opacity of WFGD is analyzed, controls and/or monitors. Can complete this by the whole bag of tricksAlanysis, includes but not limited to, transmissometer opacity measurement etc. For parameter (XV), at oneIn embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to the PI data analysis from WFGD.

In addition, as described above, if possible, if suitable sensor or probe can be measuredAnd/or analyze required given parameters or multiple parameter, can complete in real time any point as herein describedAnalyse. The in the situation that of needs real time data, can adopt at least one computer and/or computer system andCoupling of the present invention. This type of computer system and/or computer installation are well known by persons skilled in the art, because ofThis has omitted this class description herein for succinct object.

Thus, the analysis of one or more various parameters listed above, control survey, measurement and/or trueSurely can realize following one or more control and/or optimization: (A) operability WFGD tower level;(B) reach the reactant feed flow of WFGD; (C) oxidation air that arrives WFGD flows; (D)Absorbent from WFGD flows out speed; (E) liquid-gas ratio in WFGD tower; (F) at WFGDThe quantity of the absorbent recirculation pump of middle operation; (G) dehydration (hydrocyclone) operational factor; (H)Arrive the ammonia feed rate (if present) of SCR; (I) operating ESP number; (J)Gypsum purity; (K) fouling that in WFGD absorbent tower, gypsum is relevant forms; (L) WFGD equipmentParasitic power loss; (M) WFGD effluent stream wastewater treatment parameter; And (N) WFGDSO₂Removal efficiency.

In one embodiment, this system of the present invention and/or method can realize the control that has more responseSystem processed, it can be realized WFGD system and work better in the non-steady state time course of boiler.Further, coal combustion utilization rate makes boiler load be diverted to the more stable power network operation of realization(powergridoperation). The control system that has more response can cause better tower chemistry, fromAnd the SO that realization improves₂Removal efficiency.

A kind of this type of the non-limiting parameter that can measure thereby can control and/or service conditionExample is the ORP level of the solution in the absorbent tank of WFGD. By ORP control to preset range andSteady-state condition can help to reduce corrosion possibility in tower and control element gas phase mercury formation andDischarge again. Can help the optimizer of controlling SCR and ESP parameter can cause less ammonia to inject and ESPSmaller power demand. Optimizer can alleviate the parasitic power loss of equipment.

In one embodiment, system of the present invention and/or method relate to smoke test, and it is by as followsMode completes: continuous fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) monitoring baseline test and SCR test periodBetween the SCR of SCR porch and all gas material and the monitoring of carbon capture of mercury of CEMS mercury test.At baseline test period, can adopt the sorbent capture in chimney to carry out chimney mercury (stackmercury) pointAnalyse. The chemical analysis of absorbent slurry can be made up of the mercury forming, selenium and ICP-MS. Also can be isolatedBucket in carry out erosion test, wherein, metal sample can contact processing slurry with resistance (ER) probe.This test meeting provides the possibility that these unit are optimized for factory.

As described above, in one embodiment, relate generally to emission control of the present invention field, toolBody ground, relates to new and useful method and/or system, carrys out the Wet smoke at least a portion by itVarious types of corrosion and/or sedimentation problem in desulfurization (WFGD) scrubber system are controlled. ?In an embodiment, method of the present invention and/or system rely at least one reducing agent are supplied to wet typeThe slurry of flue gas desulfurization washer, reduces absorbent slurry contained in wet flue gas desulfurization washerRedox potential. In another embodiment, method of the present invention and/or system to absorbent slurry,Filtered fluid and/or from the oxidation of at least one effluent stream of the solution of wet flue gas desulfurization washer alsoFormer electromotive force is controlled.

As described above, determined the height in the absorbent recirculation tank (ART) of wet scrubberRedox potential (ORP) and one or more oxidant compounds and/or material (for example, persulfuric acidSalt, permanganate, manganate, ozone, hypochlorite, chlorate, nitric acid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorineOr its arbitrarily combination of two or more) concentration cause the precipitation of soluble manganese. Do not wish to be taken officeThe restriction of a kind of theory of anticipating, believes the manganese dioxide precipitate thing (MnO precipitating on the wall of ART₂) can produceRaw galvanic cell or the further environment that causes corrosion of strengthening that causes corrosion. Do not wish to be limited to any onePlant solution, the one possibility method that the ORP in ART is controlled, reduced and/or alleviates is to pass throughFollowing mode reduces ORP: control, eliminate and/or reduce in the ART of WFGD, existing or formingOne or more oxidant compounds and/or material (for example, persulfate, permanganate, manganate,Ozone, hypochlorite, chlorate, nitric acid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine or its arbitrarily two or moreCombination, ionic species etc.) concentration or amount. Although according to by alloy 2205 (UNSS32205, dualStainless steel alloy) present invention is described to form the corrosion existing in ART, but the present invention does not limitIn this. On the contrary, in the ferrous alloy of wide region, can there is and really exist corrosion, thereby,The present invention is applicable to any situation that need to control ORP, thereby reduces, control and/or alleviateThe etching characteristic of ART environment.

In another embodiment, whether the present invention also comprises the oxidation air that use is excessive, no matter adoptControl the various chemical property of one or more aqueous base solution or liquid by this excessive mode. CanRealize in the following way this embodiment of the present invention: by least one supply method (it comprise butBe not limited to injection, foam etc.) by the excessive oxidation air supply of aequum to containing the required of any typeOne or multiple tank of aqueous base or liquid solution.

In another embodiment, the present invention can control particulate abatement device (for example, electrostatic precipitationDevice, ESP) spark, itself and then the various factors can control effect oxidant forming. Do not wish to be subject toBe limited to any one theory, a kind of exemplary approach that the ORP in ART is increased is due to formationOzone. Ozone formation can trace back to the increase of spark in ESP etc. In order to prevent, to control and/or alleviatingSpark amount in ESP, can add additive in the upstream of ESP, for example SO₃And/or trona orOther sodium adsorbents, carry out with dry method or wet method. Or, also can utilize the modification that ESP is controlled, comePrevent, control and/or alleviate the spark amount in ESP. Adding SO₃And/or after trona, seeExamine the reduction that ozone forms, this is because the reduction of spark amount in ESP causes. This so realizeMore favorably ORP in ART, this so cause advantageously controlling various aqueous materials in ART solutionThe ability of the characteristic of matter. This type of material that can control includes but not limited to, oxidant material concentrationFor example, with type (, persulfate material concentration and/or type), magnesium material concentration and/or type, chlorine are denseDegree, fluorine concentration, calcium concentration, sulphur-oxygen compound, sulphur-nitrogen compound, magnesium material concentration and/or type,Mercury concentration, selenium concentration and type, or its arbitrarily two or more.

In in November, 2012 and December, by the survey on the spot of Detroit Edison (DTE) Men Luo power plantA non-limitative example of the present invention has been carried out in examination. Carry out this test and check that technique change is for wet typeThe impact of flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) chemicals. According to an embodiment of the invention, it is right to have studiedIn the escaping of ammonia, the injection of WFGD oxidation air that change coal, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) operation, SCRThe parameter testing meter of the total suspended solid (TSS) of load and WFGD absorbent recirculation tank (ART)Draw. Measured various parameters, it is the results detailed in following table 1 and 2. For the parameter of test, arrive ESPSO₃The change of injecting is for WFGD absorbent and effluent (WFGD outflow) logistics chemicals toolThere is the most obviously impact.

The ESP of DTE door sieve is designed to moderate sulfur coal, 3.0lbs/mBTU operation. DTE door sieve switchesTo burning, compared with low-sulfur coal blend, it is than the designed situation of AQS (AQCS)There is different physical characteristics. By SO₃Inject the pipe-line system upstream of ESP, come as flying dust conditioning agentThe ESP that improves existing coal removes. In DTE door sieve test process, close ESP SO before₃Inject. SO₃Inject and be in conjunction with an effect of coal combustion, for this system, than not injectingDesired situation, the spark frequency that can observe in ESP declines. Therefore, when closing SO₃When injection,ESP spark frequency increases. The increase of this spark frequency may cause the ozone producing in WFGD to increase,Thereby increase the concentration of downstream oxidation agent. Other possible approaches that oxidant concentration in flue gas is increasedAlso can trace back to this spark increases. Closing SO₃In one period of short time after injection, WFGD absorbentORP in retort slurry increases about 300mV, has changed the wherein state of oxidation of many pulp componentsCut apart mutually.

At SO₃After injection is restarted, the ORP of WFGD slurry is slowly back to the exhibition of baseline test period instituteThe reduced levels revealing. This is back to baseline state and slowly occurs, and pattern and time of staying decline phaseUnanimously. Other parameters of test all do not show so obvious and violent washer chemistry and change.All at least repeat twice at two of DTE door sieve operation absorbent towers (unit 3&4) and thisly close arrivalThe SO of ESP₃Parameter change, all show for change similar response. Therefore, by aboveDraw, in one embodiment, the present invention seeks to adopt ESP SO before₃And/or trona injection,To realize the required variation of ORP of ART of WFGD.

In one embodiment, the present invention can control various compounds in the ART of WFGD and/Or material, and then can affect total dissolved solidss, selenite and/or the Asia in the effluent stream of WFGDThe amount of selenate, mercury and/or boron.

In another embodiment, thus the present invention relates to control one or more upstream parameters controls and absorbsThe method of the redox potential (ORP) in agent recirculation tank (ART). In one embodiment,Wish to control the pH of ART and ORP wherein simultaneously. Do not wish to be limited to any one theory, oneIn individual embodiment, thus the present invention relates to control one or more upstream parameters affect pH in ART andThe method of ORP. In one embodiment, wish realize be less than 7, be less than 6.5 or be less than 6 orPerson is less than 5.5 or be even less than or equal to 5 pH,, the various factors that affects ORP is carried out meanwhileControl (for example, type and/or the concentration etc. of ESP spark, one or more oxidants), thereby makeORP is less than about 500mV, be less than about 450mV, be less than about 400mV, be less than about 350mV orBe less than about 300mV or be less than about 250mV or be less than approximately 200 or be even about 150mV(record by silver/silver chloride electrode, attention, if use standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), thisA little values may change). Herein, and other place in description and claims, can be byIndependently numerical value combines the scope that obtains additionally and/or do not disclose. It will be understood by those skilled in the art thatThat, when in the time that the pH that is about 7 measures, redox potential scope conventionally can be paramount from be low to moderate-0.8VTo 1.2V. Should also be noted that pH can affect redox potential numerical value. Therefore, above-mentioned scope is generalBe applicable to the typical redox potential scope that records in the time of pH7. For other pH, can be suitable for notSame wide region.

Therefore, in another embodiment, the present invention relates to one or more methods, control by itThereby the ORP in ART makes its reduction. In one embodiment, the reduction of the ORP in ART canCause forming and more conform with the material of hope and/or form one or more metals, include but not limited to, selenium, mercury,Magnesium, cobalt etc. As non-limitative example, when the ORP in ART is less than about 500mV, is less than approximately 450MV, be less than about 400mV, when being less than about 350mV or being even less than about 300mV, selenium (IV)Amount tend to higher than when the situation of ORP during higher than 500mV. For example, exceed about 400mV at ORPSituation under, the amount of selenium (VI) is tended to much larger than the amount of selenium (IV) in ART slurry and/or solution.In addition, for example, along with ORP in ART slurry and/or solution is further reduced to lower than 400mV (, lowIn about 350mV, or lower than about 325mV, or even lower than 300mV), the amount of selenium (VI)Reduce, the amount of selenium (IV) increases. Do not wish to be subject to the restriction of any one theory, believe the slurry as ARTORP in material and/or solution is during higher than 500mV, and what in ART slurry and/or solution, exist is nearly allThe selenium of (if not all) is all the form of selenium (VI), this so that promoted or be highly conducive to eachPlant the formation of water-based solubility selenium compound and/or ion (for example selenate radical ion). This so cause from oneKind or multiple aqueous effluent stream have not desirably discharged selenium, and this may require extra discharge in the futureControl technology reduces the selenium discharge capacity in various effluent streams. Thereby, in all cases, wish to controlORP in ART, thus form and realize the control of at least part of level for selenium material, and then alleviate, fallLow and/or control the concentration of various water-based solubility selenium compounds in various aqueous effluents stream and/or ion.Thus, the ORP in ART be reduced to lower than about 500mV, lower than about 450mV, lower than about 400mV,Lower than about 350mV or even lower than about 300mV, cause from one or more streams from WFGDGo out the water-based solubility selenium compound of logistics discharge and/or the amount of ion at least part of reduction, alleviate and/orControlled. In addition being additionally reduced to lower than 300mV and can causing even more arbitrarily of the ORP in ART,Many selenium materials are formed as selenium (IV), cause in a kind of effluent stream water-based solubility selenium compound and/or fromThe further reduction of son, alleviate and/or controlled. Herein, its and in description and claimsIts place, can combine numerical value independently the scope that obtains additionally and/or do not disclose.

It should be noted, in some embodiments of the present invention, may more wish to alleviate, control and/or fallThe discharge of low one or more compounds and/or ion, causes one even if this alleviates, controls and/or reducesOr the discharge of multiple different compound, ion and/or pollutant increases. In this case, can use secondKind and different technology alleviate, reduce and/or control any these type of different compounds, ion and/or pollution, although it does not conform with hope, there is discharge with the level increasing in the discharge of thing. As non-limitingExample, may wish to generate and have alleviating, reduce and/or controlling of higher degree for selenium material. But,This may cause the discharge (for example, mercury emissions) of one or more other compounds, ion and/or pollutantThere is not conform with the increase of hope. Therefore, try with it to realize and alleviate, reduce for seeking in ARTAnd/or every kind of compound, ion and/or the pollutant controlled all have the ORP of Beneficial Effect, in some feelingsUnder condition, can and conventionally wish to adopt one or more other emission control technique, processing may be with notConform with any other compounds of discharging in the situation of the amount of hope and/or the amount of increase, ion and/orPollutant (for example, mercury discharges again). In other embodiments, may wish by by ARTORP be controlled to can be unfavorable for selenium material generate, simultaneously with different emission control technique process from one orAny selenium of multiple aqueous effluent stream or the discharge of other emission points, thus control, reduce and/or alleviate variousType, amount and/or the material of other compounds, ion and/or pollutant generate. Generally speaking, Ke NengxuTo " select " the given ORP in ART, need to know, by doing like this, can control seekingCertain part of total compound, ion and/or pollutant carry out Selective Control. For this type of control procedureIn cannot be via the controlled compound of the selection of favourable ORP in ART, ion and/or pollutant, canTo come this by one or more other emission control technique that not only depend on the ORP value in ARTA little compounds, ion and/or pollutant are controlled.

In other embodiments, in the time of the generation of hope control selenium material and the generation of mercury material, the present invention relates toAnd a kind of so method, it can control the redox potential (ORP) in ART, thereby makes it approximatelyIn scope for 300-500mV. Do not wish to be subject to the restriction of any one theory, believe when tool in ARTWhile having typical pH, in the time that the ORP in this ART is about 300-500mV, mercury ion (for example mercury (II)And/or the form of mercury (IV)) be the main mercury material existing in WFGD, instead of element mercury (Hg⁰)。This so can reduce the mercury discharge capacity again occurring from WFGD because can be by causing WFGDIn many technology of mercury retrapping mercury ion (for example, the form of mercury (II) and/or mercury (IV)) is enteredRow is controlled.

In another embodiment, the present invention seeks to control the ORP in ART, thereby alleviates, reducesAnd/or control one or more oxides in the ART of WFGD and/or WFGD amount, type and/Or concentration. Another benefit of this embodiment of the present invention is, it causes the ART from WFGDThe decline of the various gaseous materials that produce. For example, when the ORP in ART is during higher than about 500mV,Can produce the halogen of various gaseous form. The generation of this type of halogen gas is not conform with hope, because thisCan cause corrosive compound to leave the ART of WFGD, and fill in one or more downstream drain controlIn putting, cause etching problem.

Thus, in one embodiment, for example the present invention relates to, to (, firing based on fossil with combustion processCombustion process, the biomass combustion process etc. of material) at least one directly or indirectly relevant parameter controlsMethod, thereby at least one downstream drain control device (for example, wet flue gas desulfurization unit, SCR,DSI, ESP, bag chamber or fabric filter (FF) or other particle collection devices etc.) be optimized. ?In another embodiment, the present invention relates to combustion process (for example, the burning based on fossil fuelJourney, biomass combustion process etc.) method that directly or indirectly relevant at least one parameter is controlled, fromAnd the redox potential at least one wet flue gas desulfurization unit, downstream is optimized.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to straight with one or more emission control systems or technologyConnect or method that at least one parameter of indirect correlation is controlled, thus at least one other upstream and/Or downstream drain control device (for example, wet flue gas desulfurization unit, SCR, DSI, ESP, bag chamber or knitThing filter (FF) or other particle collection devices etc.) be optimized. In another embodiment,The present invention relates to to directly or indirectly relevant at least one of one or more emission control systems or technologyThe method that parameter is controlled, thereby at least to the redox electricity at least one wet flue gas desulfurization unitGesture is optimized.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to following method, the method pair and combustion process are (for example,Combustion process, biomass combustion process etc. based on fossil fuel) direct or indirect at least one relevant ginsengNumber is controlled, in conjunction with to one or more emission control systems or technology direct or indirect relevant at leastA parameter is controlled, thereby at least one other upstream and/or downstream drain control device (for example,Wet flue gas desulfurization unit, SCR, DSI, ESP, bag chamber or fabric filter (FF) or other particlesGathering-device etc.) be optimized. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to following method, the methodTo with combustion process (for example, the combustion process based on fossil fuel, biomass combustion process etc.) directly orAt least one parameter of indirect correlation is controlled, in conjunction with to one or more emission control systems or technologyDirectly or indirectly at least one relevant parameter is controlled, thereby at least at least one wet flue gas desulfurizationRedox potential in unit is optimized.

As described above, in another aspect of the present invention, relate generally to of the present invention burnt by useThereby journey produces heat and produces steam, and in one embodiment, relating to can be to of combustion processThereby individual or multiple parameters are controlled and at least in a downstream parameter, are produced at least one and conform with hopeThe device, system and/or the method that change. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to by least oneIndividual or multiple operating parameters are measured in real time, analyze and/or control, thus to DSI, ACI, WSI,Device, system and/or method that the performance of WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimized. These parameter bagsDraw together but be not limited to, boiler load, ESP power, ESP electric current, ESP voltage, opacity, particle,ESP spark frequency, SO₃Measurement, SO₂Measurement, O₂Measurement, grey resistance measurement, VOC measure, airHeater outlet temperature, air heater speed, SCR inlet temperature, SCR outlet temperature, SCR catalysisAgent SO₂To SO₃Conversion ratio, flue gas weight, smoke gas flow, the charge velocity of DSI, the injection speed of WSIThe charge velocity of rate, ACI and Hg discharge.

The present invention is by least one or more operational factor is measured in real time, analyzed and/or controls,Thereby the method that DSI, ACI, WSI, WI and/or ESP performance are optimized. These parameters are, potStove load, ESP power, ESP electric current, ESP voltage, opacity, particle, ESP spark frequency,SO₃Measurement, SO₂Measurement, O₂Measurement, grey resistance measurement, VOC measurement, air heater outlet temperature,Air heater speed, SCR inlet temperature, SCR outlet temperature, SCR catalyst S O₂To SO₃TurnThe injection speed of the charge velocity of rate, flue gas weight, smoke gas flow, DSI, the charge velocity of WSI, ACIRate and Hg discharge. Can consider that other parameters of controlling are referring to " steam/its generation and application (Steam/itsgenerationanduse)》, the 41st edition, Kitto and Stultz work, copyright 2005, U.S.Moral cock and the (TheBabcock&Wilcox of Joe Wilcox company visit in Ba Bidun city, Ohio of stateCompany, Barberton, Ohio, U.S.A.), it is incorporated by reference herein in full. Therefore, thisBrightly be not understood to only limit to parameter mentioned above. On the contrary, it can be widely applicable for the boiler to wide regionOr stove, device parameter and relevant AQS device parameter are measured, are analyzed and/Or control, and adopt these parameters control and/or optimize one or more DSI, ACI, WSI, WI and/ or the performance of ESP.

DSI and/or WSI system are arranged on public and Industrial Boiler/burner conventionally, and object is to eliminateFrom the SO of chimney₃/H₂SO₄The blue column of smoke of discharge, makes from SO₃Poisoning the minimizing of PAC, reduceSuch as SO of other sour gas₂, HF, HBr and HCl, reduce VOC, reduce total particle, and reduceAcid dew point, thus air heater corrosion and/or the corrosion for other upstream devices reduced. In air-flow, depositAt SO₃Can help improve the performance of ESP. It contributes to reduce grey resistance, and this contributes to the performance of ESP.When DSI and/or WSI system are removed too much SO₃Time, the performance of ESP can decline, and causes higher not saturatingLightness and particulate emission. But, although SO₃Contribute to ESP performance, but SO in air-flow₃Concentration is low to moderateWhen 5ppm, may cause PAC to consume increases. The SO of higher concentration₃PAC being removed to the ability of Hg makesBecome negative effect, this causes PAC to consume increases. This control program has been analyzed listed various performances aboveParameter, and regulate the adsorbent flow of DSI and/or WSI system, make to remove the SO of optimised quantity₃WithIn time, makes to minimize for the impact of ESP performance and PAC charge velocity. ESP, DSI, WSI and ACIAll phase mutual impacts of system. This existing control program contributes to utilize exist between these systems collaborative excellentGesture, target is to make minimize and be from the adsorbent consumption of DSI and/or WSI system from ACIThe PAC of system consumes and minimizes (if present).

In one embodiment, the present invention is by calculating SO₃Concentration also utilizes this information and/or data to controlSystem and/or optimize one or more DSI and/or WSI charge velocity, can predict and/or monitor DSI and/Or WSI charge velocity. In one case, can SO will be passed through to calculate₃The data that concentration produces are for producingRaw control algolithm, and this control algolithm can be used for controlling in real time and/or optimization DSI and/or WSI injection speedRate. In one case, SO₃Concentration is calculated and is depended on following one or more factor, includes but not limited to,O in system₂, air heater outlet temperature, fuel type, SO₂Concentration and by SCR catalystSO₂To SO₃Oxidation.

Or, can measure SO₃Concentration, and can be by this feedback for calculating. In this embodiment,Then can be from SO₃Concentration prediction, required SO₃Removal efficiency and adsorbent and SO₃StoichiometryRatio, calculates charge velocity. Based on (comprising ESP outlet opacity, spark from various ESP parametersFrequency and power) and the feedback of PAC charge velocity and Hg discharge, charge velocity can depart from (bias).Or ESP power can be main control parameters, and can make DSI and/or WSI rate shift,Thereby ESP is remained on to required power level. By controlling DSI and/or WSI or ACI speed, andTo setovering of other, can realize adsorbent saving. Boiler need to not move with stable state conventionally.Load variations can change gas flow, gas temperature and boiler O₂Concentration. This is for the SO forming₃Amount meetingTool has a significant effect. (equipment is for SO in one case₃The feedback of concentration is actual time not), canPass through SO₃The prediction algorithm of concentration completes control and/or the optimization of one or more charge velocities. By warpBy SO₃The prediction of concentration is controlled and/or is optimized one or more charge velocities, can make adsorbent injectMany and/or very few situation minimizes, thus make that ESP do not move within the scope of given parameters those timeBetween or the time interval minimize. This type of time can cause ESP chaotic and cause high particle skew, this and then meetingCause WFGD washer confusion or even leave the adaptability situation that is suitable for particulate matter (PM) discharge.

In another embodiment, the present invention also can be used for by DSI and/or charge velocity are biased toSO₃The flue region that concentration possibility is different, controls SO in flue work₃Distribution. This is by as followsMode completes: control in real time single gun traffic or control and bring into operation in any case or notThe spray gun reruning, thereby the adsorbent charge velocity/distribution in the work of biasing flue. Known SO₃Make againThe backlayering in raw air heater downstream, can have low SO in the region from the rotor of air side₃ConcentrationAnd can there is high SO in the region of the rotor of whereabouts air side₃Concentration. Due to the air heat from air sideBasket is in colder temperature, SO in these regions₃Condensate is high, and gaseous state SO₃Concentration is low.In the time that rotor arrives air side again, be also correct conversely. If adsorbent is even note in systemEnter, depend on mixing in the flue of DSI and from DSI and or WSI point to the stop of ESPTime, SO in flue₃Removal efficiency can change. Although be difficult to measure the actual SO of ESP₃Concentration,But SO₃Replacement can be ESP power/spark and/or ESP voltage/current. If in specific regionESP power is too low, may show the SO in this region₃Not enough. As reduce system DSI and/orSubstituting of the total amount of WSI, the present invention can control or close single or many to reaching the stream of single spray gunIndividual spray gun, thus the DSI in system and/or WSI are distributed again, to proofread and correct ESP power or fireFlower problem. For example, Fig. 2 A and 2B show typical DSI distribution grid, and it has first group of adsorbentSpray gun 20,22,24 and second group of adsorbent spray gun 30,32,34 and 36. Although demonstration spray gun 20,22,24 and 26 be shorter than spray gun 30,32,34 and 36, but also consider that two groups of spray guns are isometric or three groupsOr more groups of different spray guns are isometric or other embodiments of different length. DSI at Fig. 2 A and 2B dividesIn cloth grid, if ESP power is being low near the region of southern flue, can be at spray gun 36 orPerson closes DSI and/or WSI at spray gun 26 and 36 and injects, and makes DSI in system and/or the stream of WSIMove and distribute again, and power level is brought back to optimum level.

Conventional adsorbent for DSI and/or WSI includes but not limited to, trona, white lime, carbonic acidHydrogen sodium, based on the system of Liquid Sodium, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other are based on sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium or alkaliProperty adsorbent, iron containing compounds, kaolin or containing kaolinization compound, one or more halogen-containing chemical combinationThing, or its combination of two or more arbitrarily. Typical case injection phase can be from coal feeder to ESPThe optional position of entrance. In addition the conventional adsorbent of controlling for Hg, is not necessarily limited to PAC, halogenation PACWith improved silica.

Do not wish to be limited to one or more advantages of any specific, but the present invention with respect to DSI, WSI,One or more existing methods of controlling in WI, ACI and/or ESP system have many advantages asUnder: (i) the present invention can be used for optimizing DSI and/or WSI adsorbent charge velocity, PAC charge velocity and/ or ESP performance; (ii) the present invention has realized in DSI, WSI, WI, ACI and/or ESP systemOne or more performance carry out Collaborative Control and/or optimization. Separately, these systems can be to otherThe performance of system causes front or negative effect. This control technology help system is unanimously worked; (iii) thisBrightly can decline to realize cost savings with the follow-up cost relevant with ash disposal by reducing adsorbent consumption;(iv) the present invention protects WFGD to avoid the impact of particulate load skew (excursion), and this can be pure to gypsumDegree and the heavy metal concentration that is discharged into WFGD Waste Water Treatment all impact; (v) the invention providesEmission control under running status improved system reliability; (vi) the present invention can be in load variationsDuring this time one or more the performance in DSI, WSI, WI, ACI and/or ESP system is controlled and/ or optimize; (vii) the invention provides automated system control; And (viii) by each ESPGoddess of lightning's line areal survey ESP power input, ESP voltage and/or ESP ampere, the present invention can predict toDetermine the SO in ESP₃Stratification situation, thus contribute to the adsorbent stream in one or more not same districts in air-flowAmount regulates.

In another case, the present invention relates to via the CEMS from factory (Continuous emission monitoring system),ESP power, ESP current density, ESP the first voltage and current, ESP second voltage and electric current, to DSI,The charge velocity of one or more in WSI, WI, ACI and/or ESP system is controlled and/or optimizes.

In sum, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to device, system and/or method, as hereinShown in and described in, it is by measuring in real time, analyze and/or control one or more operational factors, to realizeOne or more performance in DSI, ACI, WSI, WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimized.

In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to device, system and/or method, as shown here andDescribed, it is by measuring in real time, analyze and/or control one or more operational factors, with realize to DSI,One or more performance in ACI, WSI, WI and/or ESP is controlled and/or optimizes, wherein,Operational factor is selected from: boiler load, ESP power, ESP electric current, ESP voltage, opacity, particle,ESP spark frequency, SO₃Measurement, SO₂Measurement, O₂Measurement, grey resistance measurement, VOC measure, airHeater outlet temperature, air heater speed, SCR inlet temperature, SCR outlet temperature, SCR catalysisAgent SO₂To SO₃Conversion ratio, flue gas weight, smoke gas flow, the charge velocity of DSI, the injection speed of WSIThe charge velocity of rate, ACI and Hg discharge, or its combination of both or more persons arbitrarily.

In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to by using one or more inputs and/or parameterOr the control of system input and/or parameter, use one or more control systems (to include but not limited to oneOr multiple distribution control system (DCS) and/or programmable logic control system (PLC)), to burning systemSystem (for example, fossil-fuel-fired system or the arbitrarily combustion system of other types, and the combustion of no matter burningMaterial type), AQCS series, one or more additive injected systems and/or type and/or WFGD inhaleReceive the method that agent chemistry and performance are optimized.

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 represents the unrestricted of fossil fuel fired boiler system and relevant AQCS deviceProperty example. It should be noted, the invention is not restricted to the layout of Fig. 3. On the contrary, those skilled in the art's meetingKnow, can eliminate one or more in the various AQCS devices of steam generator system 100 of Fig. 3,And/or they can by the similar AQCS device of other types substitute, the similar AQCS of described other typesDevice realize identical final result but be by different way and/or technology realize. At an embodimentIn, Fig. 3 shows the figure of fossil fuel fired boiler system, it has one or more possible first orTwo imports, it is for providing information and/or feedback to one or more optimizers of the present invention and/or controller,Thereby make method of the present invention can export the one or more first and/or second control signal, with realizationThe optimization of stone fuel combustion steam generator system and/or relative one or more AQCS devices.

Specifically, the system 100 of Fig. 3 comprises: boiler (or stove) 102, its by a kind of orPluralities of fuel 104 (includes but not limited to one or more fossil fuels (for example, coal, any typeOil, natural gas etc.), the arbitrarily combination of coal/living beings or the combination of coal/bone meal or even pure living beings arbitrarily)Burn with the combination of air 106; SCR110; At least one dry adsorbent injects (DSI) system112; At least one particle collection device (for example, electrostatic precipitator (ESP)) 114; And at least oneIndividual wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit 118. It should be noted, the air of arrow 106 indications is not tightLattice are limited to atmospheric air. Known to those skilled in the art, can be used for making boiler (or stove)In 102, " air " of fuel combustion can be combustion air, flue gas recycled or those skilled in the artThe known air that can be used for any other types that produce the combustion processes such as heat. In addition those skilled in the art,Can know, the combustion process of carrying out in boiler (or stove) 102 also produces flue gas or burningAir-flow, thus then it is processed at one or more AQCS devices 110,112,114 and 118Remove in (or even extra unshowned AQCS device) one or more compounds, particle orOther objects are discharged into afterwards atmosphere or are discharged into system 100 outsides as shown in arrow 128.

Although not consistent with they self Reference numeral, these devices are respectively by pipeline, flueAnd/or carrier pipe interconnects, as shown in Figure 3, this is well known by persons skilled in the art. These pipelines,Flue and/or carrier pipe are expressed as the horizontal arrow between the assembly 102,110,112,114 and 118 of Fig. 3Head. It should be noted, various AQCS devices as herein described for one or more determined above canAll types of boilers that combustion fuel burns and/or stove may be optional. For example,, according to thisSome systems of invention may not need SCR, or the NO of other types_xControl device may not needThe AQCS device of DSI system or some other types. In addition, in one embodiment, the present inventionRelate to the combustion system of optimization, it adopts one or more WFGD unit, similarly, as herein described more thanUnder the existence of AQCS device whether be interpreted as nonrestrictive.

In another embodiment, system 100 also can comprise one or more air heaters, one orMultiple heat exchangers or those skilled in the art known with combustion system and/or fossil-fuel-fired system phaseAssociated any other devices. For SCR110, SCR110 can be hot side SCR or cold side SCR.In another embodiment, SCR110 can be substituted by SNCR. Although the system 100 of Fig. 3 showsAdopt the embodiment of DSI system 112, but DSI system 112 can be by can be a kind of by usingOr multiple additives or compound realize that mercury is captured and/system or the device of any type of oxidation replaceGeneration. This type of is well known by persons skilled in the art for capturing and/or realize system and/or the compound of mercury oxidationInclude but not limited to, (for example, one or more are fluorine-containing, chloride, brominated and/or containing iodine for halogen contained compoundInorganic and/or organic compound), one or more phyllosilicate, one or more inorganic sulphides, oneOr multiple sulfur-containing organic compound etc.

Referring to described at least one particle collection device 114, in another embodiment, device 114 canTo be selected from fabric filter (FF) or bag chamber, one or more electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or oneOr one or more in multiple wet electrostatic settling vessels (wet ESP). Or, system 100 can with appointOther suitable particle collection device couplings of anticipating. In another embodiment, particle collection device 114 is defeatedAsh discharge 116.

For WFGD unit 118, it be known to those skilled in the art that in some cases WGFDUnit 118 can be used to produce gypsum, for the product such as drywall. In addition, as Fig. 3 instituteShow, WFGD unit 118 also comprises one or more reactant inputs 190,192 and 194. A realityExecute in mode, input 190,192 and 194 is air (for example oxidation airs or for WFGD unitThe air of other adequate types of some of 118) input line 190, lime stone input line 192 and a kind of orMultiple additives input line 194 (although only shown an additive input line 194, can existMany additive input lines 194). In another embodiment, WFGD118 can adopt different defeatedEnter instead of air and lime stone. For example, can replace stone by other alkaline adsorbent or reactantLime stone, a kind of this type of non-limitative example is lime (CaO) or white lime (Ca (OH)₂). Or,In WFGD, can use " air " instead of the atmospheric air of other types. This type of atmospheric air substitutesProduct are well known by persons skilled in the art, so omitted detailed description herein for succinct object.

In one embodiment, additive input line 194 (or many add agent input line 194) is availableOne or more additives are provided, and for example one or more reducing agents, control as non-limitative exampleWFGD in ORP; One or more sulfur-containing compounds, for example one or more inorganic sulphides,One or more sulfur-containing organic compounds or its be the mixture of two or more arbitrarily, controls as non-limitThe mercury of property example processed discharges again; One or more aluminosilicate compounds or for example kaolin of material or Gao LingStone; One or more phyllosilicate; One or more wastewater treatment chemicals, to control one kind of multiple chemical combinationThe dissolubility of thing, the dissolubility of one or more ions (for example metal ion), one or more ionsAt least one in material formation (, valence state or oxidation state) etc.; One or more are containing transition metal compoundThing or chemicals (for example one or more iron containing compoundses); Or two or more are this type of chemistry arbitrarilyThe mixture of product. Depend on described one or more additives that are provided to WFGD unit 118, this type of is one years oldKind or multiple additives can be provided to one or two in uptake zone, flue, enter afterwards WFGD118, contained slurry or solution in the absorption cycle Guan Huo district of WFGD, or its both or the appointing of more personsMeaning combination.

In another embodiment, can be by United States Patent (USP) the 8th, 303, No. 919, the 8th, 691, No. 719 andThe/or the 8th, one or more in the various additives that disclose in 716, No. 169 or any combination are in its instituteThe one or more various decanting points that disclose inject. By United States Patent (USP) the 8th, 303, No. 919,8,691, No. 719 and/or the 8th, the content that full text disclosed and/or the instructed combination by reference of 716, No. 169Enter herein. This type of decanting point includes but not limited to, (via for example additive supply line 108) and coal or itsHis fuel mix or placed on it; In stove and/or in its economizer; (if present) SCROr the upstream of SNCR; The upstream of WFGD; As described above, in WFGD; And/or its any groupClose. In another embodiment, as the supplementing or substituting of additive arbitrarily mentioned above, can adoptWith one or more compounds that disclose in No. 2014/0017119th, U.S. Patent Application Publication. Thereby,The content that U.S. Patent Application Publication discloses and/or instructs in full for No. 2014/0017119 is tied by referenceBe incorporated into herein.

In addition, in some cases, also wish to be controlled at the various acids that form during combustion processThe formation of matter, metal ion and/or compound or its any combination. Suitable ion, atom, compound,Metal and/or metal-containing compound include but not limited to, contain Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca,Cd、Co、Cu、Cr、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Si、Sr、Ti、One or more ions of one or more in Tl, U, V, W and/or Zn, atom, compound, goldBelong to and/or metal-containing compound. Based on reading and understanding the present invention as herein described, those skilled in the art's meetingUnderstanding, is not all to need in all cases all metals mentioned above and/or element to controlSystem. In fact, in some cases, by some metals or other elements or contain this metalloid orThe compound of other elements is provided to one or more combustion processes disclosed herein. In another enforcement sideIn formula, also wish to control the formation of various acid ions in the situation that there is persulfuric acid radical ion, because itCan be in the situation that calcium cation exists reaction formation calcium sulfate and corresponding halogen gas. This halogen gasThen can in the slurry of ART or solution, further reaction form respectively hypochlorite ion, hypobromous acid rootIon and/or hypoiodous acid radical ion, shown in following exemplary equation.

S₂O₈ ^2-+2Cl^-+2Ca²⁺→2CaSO₄ ^2-+Cl₂

S₂O₈ ^2-+2Br^-+2Ca²⁺→2CaSO₄ ^2-+Br₂

S₂O₈ ^2-+2I^–+2Ca²⁺→2CaSO₄ ^2-+I₂

Cl₂+H₂O→2H⁺+Cl^-+ClO^-

Br₂+H₂O→2H⁺+Br^-+BrO^-

I₂+H₂O→2H⁺+I^-+IO^-

Do not wish to be limited to any one theory, believe hypochlorite ion, hypobromous acid radical ion and/or inferior iodinePH and ORP in slurry or the solution of the formation of acid ion to ART cause negative effect.

Get back to the system 100 of Fig. 3, show that WFGD118 is from WFGD at least one wastewater treatment(WWT) unit 120 provides effluent stream or overflow solution. As shown in it, can be mono-from WFGDUnit 118 provides any one or multiple additive mentioned above to waste water, enters afterwards by supply line 122Enter in treatment unit for waste water 120 and/or by supply line 124 and enter into treatment unit for waste water 120, therebyControl one or more compounds, ion and/or element, or meet (for example, the US of any management organizationEPA) one or more effluent restriction regulations of defined, and at where applicable, arrange by pipeline 126Go out at least one effluent. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, at embodiments more as herein describedIn, can significantly reduce or alleviate the amount of the effluent discharging by pipeline 126.

In another embodiment, for example EPA of various management organizations sets new stream to public utilityGo out thing restriction regulation (ELG). Thus, if had very much if required, treatment unit for waste water 120 canSubstituted by one or more bioreactor. For the various bioreactors of wastewater treatment be this areaKnow, and thus, this embodiment of the present invention be not limited to any one type for wastewater treatmentBioreactor. It is known to those skilled in the art that bioreactor utilization (harness) enzyme reaction controlsSystem and/or removal arrive the concern component (for example selenate) of bioreactor from effluent stream. Work as inflowWhen stream has high ORP and/or high oxygenate content, bioreactor functional impaired and publicFacility possibly cannot meet their discharge of wastewater license. Arrive the logistics of bioreactor by controlORP and oxygenate content, maintained the functional of bioreactor.

In another embodiment, treatment unit for waste water 120 can be reduced by one or more liquid and/Or zero liquid discharge system is alternative, this is well known by persons skilled in the art. The example of this type systematic comprise butBe not limited to the U.S. Patent application the 62/002nd of submitting on May 23rd, 2014, those that disclose for No. 584,Its content that discloses and/or instruct is in full incorporated by reference herein.

Get back to Fig. 3, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to system 100 as described above, it containsThere is at least one optimiser unit 130. As described herein, optimizer 130 has been realized by process conditions and having been producedInput or one or more the first input and/or from one or more AQCS devices of system 100Parameter. As shown in Figure 3, the first parameter 132 represents by solid line, and it includes but not limited to, with boiler (orPerson's stove) 102 load, fuel delivery rate and/or the relevant data of fuel condition, it is via connector134 are supplied to optimizer 130. Extra first input of optimizer 130 comprises following one or more: (i)Before flue gas enters WFGD unit 118, be supplied to excellent via sensor and/or feedback link part 136Change the entrance SO of device 130₂Concentration or level; (ii) supply with via sensor and/or feedback link part 138To the WFGD tower level of optimizer 130; (iii) supply with via sensor and/or feedback link part 140Arrive the pH level of the WFGD unit 118 of optimizer 130; (iv) via passing through connector 146 with excellentThe absorbent of changing the WFGD unit 118 of the connected sensor of device 130 and/or feedback link part 142 follows againThe ORP of ring tank (ART); (v) via the sensor being connected with optimizer 130 by connector 146And/or absorbent recirculation tank (ART) effluent of the WFGD unit 118 of feedback link part 144 orThe ORP of waste water output; And/or (vi) be supplied to optimizer via sensor and/or feedback link part 148Contained outlet SO in 130 the treated flue gas that leaves WFGD unit 118₂Concentration or level.

Therefore, in one embodiment, use and reach the described one or more first defeated of optimizer 130Enter to produce one or more output, thus realize for the assembly 102,110,112,114 of system 100,One or more control and/or optimization in 118 and/or 120. In another embodiment, can be byDescribed one or more the first inputs that arrive optimizer 130 with arrive one or more the of optimizer 130Two inputs are in conjunction with producing one or more output, thus realize for the assembly 102,110 of system 100,112, one or more control and/or the optimization in 114,118 and/or 120. At another embodimentIn, can use separately reach optimizer 130 one or more second input produce one or more defeatedGo out, thereby realize for one in the assembly 102,110,112,114,118 and/or 120 of system 100Individual or multiple control and/or optimization. Thus, the second input that reaches optimizer 130 will be described in detail to below150, from optimizer 130 first output 166 and from optimizer 130 second output 172. ShouldNote, can adopt any combination of one or more optimizer input as herein described and one or manyThe coupling of any combination of individual optimizer output, and no matter whether specifically describe this combination herein in detail.

Referring to the second input 150 that arrives optimizer 130, this second input 150 comprises as next or manyIndividual: (a) after flue gas leaves boiler (or stove) 102, to record, via sensor and/or feedbackConnector 152 is supplied to the flue gas O of optimizer 130₂Content, concentration and/or level; (b) via sensingDevice and/or feedback link part 154 are supplied to the ammonia (NH of the SCR unit 110 of optimizer 130₃) injection speedIf rate or replace when SCR unit 110 the urea charge velocity of SNCR unit with SNCR unit; (c)Be supplied to the arbitrary NO of leaving of optimizer 130 via sensor and/or feedback link part 156_xControl deviceFor example, outlet NO in the flue of (SCR or SCNR) 110_xLevel and/or concentration; (d) if suitableWith, be supplied to one or more DSI of optimizer 130 via sensor and/or feedback link part 158The charge velocity of one or more adsorbents in injection unit 112 (if present); (e) viaSensor and/or feedback link part 160 be supplied to optimizer 130 leave DSI unit 112 (if existWords) sulphur concentration and/or the type (SO of existence of the existing sulphur compound of flue gas₂Amount vs.SO₃Amount);(f) spark frequency of ESP unit 114 and/or power level, first and/or the 2nd ESP voltage, firstAnd/or the 2nd ESP electric current, and/or ESP gas flux, or as fruit granule control device be some otherWhen the particle control of type, be relative one or more operational factor, its via sensor and/Or feedback link part 162 is supplied to optimizer 130; And/or (g) via sensor and/or feedback link part164 are supplied to mercury level, concentration and or the class in the flue gas that leaves WFGD unit 118 of optimizer 130Type (being mercury or the element mercury of oxidation).

As mentioned above, by independent one or more the first inputs 132, independent one or more second defeatedEnter 150 and/or first input 132 input 150 any combination and be provided to optimizer 130 with second, wherein,Optimizer 130 adopts distribution control system (DCS) and/or FPGA control (PLC) to process thisA little data, to export one or more the first control signals 166, one or more the second control signal 172Or one or more the first control signals 166 are any with any one or more the second control signals 172Combination, each technological parameter that can use it for the one or more assemblies to construction system 100 carries out excellentChange and/or control. In another embodiment, optimizer 130 can adopt the logic nerve of any typeNetwork or other computer based programs are come one in the first input 132 and/or the second input 150Or multiple provided data or other information processes, to produce one or more the first control signals166 and/or one or more the second control signal 172, thus to construction system 100 one or more groupsEach technological parameter of part is optimized and/or controls.

The one or more output control signals that produce referring to optimizer 130 of the present invention, as described above,Optimizer 130 produces one or more the first control signals 166 and/or the second control signal 172, and it comprisesOne or more as follows: (i) via the arrival WFGD of the control signal output 168 from optimizer 130The air supply speed of unit 118; (ii) via the control signal output 170 from optimizer 130Arrive the delivery rate of lime stone, lime and/or the white lime of WFGD unit 118; (iii) through originThe combustion of the fuel that passes through supply line 108 arrival systems 100 of the control signal output 174 of self-optimizing device 130Feed additives charge velocity and/or concentration; (iv) via the control signal output 176 from optimizer 130The burning control deviation (bias) of system 100; (v) via the control signal output from optimizer 130178 SCR parameter (or multiple parameter), control and/or NH₃Charge velocity deviation, or substituteSNCR parameter (or multiple parameter), control and/or urea charge velocity deviation; (vi) if present,Via DSI charge velocity, type and/or the concentration of the control signal output 180 from optimizer 130;(vii) if be suitable for and/or exist, via the control signal output 182 from optimizer 130PAC charge velocity, type etc.; (viii) via the control signal output 184 from optimizer 130The particle control deviation of other particulate units technological parameters and/or control (for example, ESP control deviation, ESPSpark frequency, ESP spark level, ESP voltage, ESP electric current, ESP power etc.); (ix) viaThe supply line 194 that passes through from the control signal output 186 of optimizer 130 arrives WFGD unit 118WFGD additive charge velocity, concentration and/or the type of ART; And/or (x) via carrying out self-optimizingThe supply line 122 that passes through of the control signal output 188 of device 130 is supplied at the waste water place that enters any appropriateThe additive charge velocity of the effluent of the ART from WFGD unit 118 before reason unit 120,Concentration and/or type.

In another embodiment, except these input and output listed above, can be to belowThe one or more following system input of the arrival combustion system of listing is monitored, and is one or more optimizationDevice provides data, exports to control any known combustion as herein described thereby produce one or more control signalsAny one or more assemblies of burning system. In this embodiment, these type of one or more optimizer inputsInclude but not limited to the various inputs that produce and/or measure as follows and/or monitor as follows: WFGDART oxygenChange reduction potential (ORP); Gypsum suspended solid (TSS); WFGDARTpH level; ESP operationParameter; From NO_xThe NO of control device (for example SCR or SNCR)_xOutput; Fuel input (coalAnalysis and fuel flow (Pounds Per Hour) and/or megawatt and/or exporting for BTU/ hour from stove); FromBe supplied to lime stone and/or the lime analysis of the material of WFGD; Enter the reaction logistics of WFGD tower;The entrance SO of the porch of WFGD₂Concentration; Arrive the oxidation air stream of WFGD tower; Resistance probe (canDetermine the corruption in WFGDART for example to adopt one or more described resistance probes in the place of needsThe possibility of erosion and/or metal loss), the one or more spies in any pipeline or the flue of system 100Pin or corrosion sensor determine that (for example, gas temperature comes for one or more parameters and/or measurable characterDetect dew point corrosion) and/or conduction probe detect one or more transmitters (water-based transmitter)Exist and/or concentration; WFGD entrance opacity; Dissolved oxygen levels in WFGD slurry and/or ARTAnd/or concentration; The operation Pi data of operation WFGD or other flue gas desulfurization unit (FGD); DSIFlow; PAC flow; Load; Gas flux; Aerochemistry; Flue-gas temperature; Any one or multipleAdditive adding rate; And/or arrive the reaction-ure feeding of any one or more WWT unit 120.

In one embodiment, this type of one or more optimizer output includes but not limited to: WFGD is mono-Working column level in unit 118; Arrive and adopt the one or more of at least one reactant and/or additiveAny other unit of WFGD unit 118 and/or system 100 and/or the reactant feed flow of assembly; ArriveReach the oxidation air flow of WFGD unit 118; The bleed rate of absorbent; Liquid-gas ratio, comprises but notBe limited to the liquid-gas ratio of WFGD unit 118; The absorbent recirculation pump of operation in WFGD unit 118Quantity; Dehydration (for example hydrocyclone) operational factor; Ammonia or urea feed rate; Operating particleControl the quantity in charging and/or region (for example, bag chamber and/or fabric filter charging and/or ESP region);Gypsum purity; The relevant fouling of gypsum in the absorbent tower of WFGD unit 118 forms; WFGD equipmentParasitic power loss; Arrive the WFGD effluent stream parameter of wastewater treatment; SO₂Removal efficiency; DSIFlow and/or type (if applicable); One or more additives of additive feed point add arbitrarilySpeed; And/or PAC flow (if applicable).

Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention needs optimizer to control WFGD by process optimizationChemistry and ORP. In another embodiment, the present invention need to pass through for example at absorbent recirculation pumpThe point position at place is injected into reducing agent in WFGD, and this is subject to having part or the DSC of the feedback based on ORPThe control of controller, controls the logistics chemistry that is fed to bioreactor. In another embodiment,The present invention needs optimizer, and WFGD chemistry is controlled in its controlled interpolation by process optimization and reducing agentProperty. Do not wish to be limited to any one advantage, one or more in the various embodiments of the present invention be forThe bioreactor of wastewater treatment (the specifically processing of WFGD discharge, but be not limited to this) provides improvementPerformance. By maintaining the chemical property of the inflow logistics that arrives bioreactor, can meet performance prediction.Not this processing, changes relevant chemistry to load, coal, AQCS unit operations and/or other parametersThe variation of character may cause the uniformity loss of effluent discharge quality.

Although be not limited to a kind of suitable DCS controller that can adopt herein, optimizer 130 canTo be designed to wherein have the server-type computers system of required hardware and software component. One unrestrictedProperty example is this server system, and it has two DualCoreXeon (double-core Xeon) processor (exampleAs, 2GHz or higher), the memory (for example, 4GBRAM or more) of appropriate amount, one orStorage area (for example, 4 80GB of the appropriate amount of the forms such as multiple hard drives, flash memory deviceOr larger hard drives, non-RAID configuration, hardware controlled), one or more network adapter and/Or interface card (for example, two ether cards), one or more CD-ROM drive (for example, CD-RW/DVDROMDriver), monitor, mouse (or such as touch screen monitor of other input units) and keyboard. ?Under certain situation, may need modem. As for minimum software requirement, it includes but not limited to, behaviourThe system of doing is such as MicrosoftWindowsServer2012R2 standard edition, MicrosoftSQLServer2012 and MicrosoftOffice (or some other office suit). In some cases, may wishInstall such as SymantecpcAnywhere12.5 or more senior program, or from other publishersEquivalence program. Or optimizer 130 can be any based semiconductor that can serve as DSC controllerDevice, therein, adopt one or more inputs produce and/or transmit one or more control signals and/Or output.

In addition, in another embodiment, the present invention can realize and have more response and/or careful controlSystem, it can make the WFGD system can be better at the non-steady state time durations of stove and/or boilerWork. For example, coal combustion utilization rate makes boiler load be diverted to the more stable merit of realization higherRate net operation (powergridoperation). The control system that has more response can obtain better tower chemistryMatter, this can contribute to improve SO₂Removal efficiency; Better DSI distribution can improve ACI utilization and mercury controlAnd improve ESP performance.

In addition the ORP level demonstration of observing in some WFGD towers, has caused ruining of bioreactorBeing separated of evil idea and pulp components (for example manganese and selenium). Be separated and can cause the outflow arriving wastewater streamsHigh-level metal (for example selenium) in logistics. ORP is controlled to preset range and steady-state condition is passableHelp to reduce the formation of corrosion possibility in tower and control element gas phase mercury and discharge again. In addition have,Help control the optimization of SCR (or SNCR) and/or ESP (or other particle control device) parameterProgram can cause less ammonia to inject or urea injects, less DSI and ACI adsorbent consumption and ESPOr the better performance of other particle control device. Another non-limiting advantage of the present invention is, institute hereinThe technique disclosing has the potentiality of the parasitic power loss that alleviates equipment.

In another embodiment, the invention solves following problem: effective without any other at presentCan variable economic and that flow for the adsorbent/PAC controlling except the input of ESP power exactly.Can be based on SO₃Measure and control DSI and/or WSI adsorbent feed rate. But, now, also notConfirm SO₃The long-term reliability of analyzer. SO in air-flow₃Concentration is stratification, as a result of, needsMultiple analyzers and/or probe. In addition, can need probe to be placed in high grey environment, thereby need a large amount of dimensionsProtect.

As described herein and well known by persons skilled in the art, WFGD Unit Design becomes as design deviationMake the coal for moving coal or certain limit, and be designed to move with stable state full load. Due to facility withThereby swing or the assignment demand of low loading condition boiler operation response to network, enter the gas flux of washerAlso change. Gas flux and SO₂Other lists that these variations of load and responsive load condition changeOther flue gas composition change in concentration that unit's operation causes can cause chemical property very different in absorber,And may change gaseous state (mercury) and effluent composition (mercury, selenium, other metals, pH, ORP, oxidationAgent concentration). The variation of these chemistry also may affect the fouling possibility of WFGD absorber, thereby alsoMay affect auxiliary equipment operation and maintenance.

Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to response swing and low load running to WFGDWasher chemical property and/or allow to control and/or make technique and/or the method for its stabilisation. As hereinDescribed, will be provided to optimizer (for example, based on DCS from the signal of scrubber unit and combustion process operationOptimizer), and analyze. As described above, adopt this type of one or more inputs, of the present inventionOne or more control signals are transmitted back to combustion system (for example, system 100 mentioned above) by optimizerOne or more assemblies, in response to reach system of the present invention and/or method optimizer any one orThe variation of multiple input signals or change. Therefore,, in each embodiment, the invention provides and improve streamGo out one or more advantages of the chemical property of thing composition aspect, pH, the ORP, the oxidant that for example improve containAmount, mercury and/or selenium and/or other metallicses form. In the situation that not there is not mercury control additive, thisInvention can reduce from washer by the duration of reducing of short duration chemical property in some casesMercury emissions.

In another embodiment, the whole bag of tricks of the present invention and/or technique have solved various acid gas problems.It is known to those skilled in the art that acid gas (for example, HCl, HBr, H₂SO₄Deng) may be at AQCSIn series (for example, before close WFGD import or WFGD import) one or more AQCSCondensation in the pipeline of device. Because for the setting pressure of one or more these gases, gas temperature fallsTo lower than dew-point temperature, so there is this condensation, cause liquid acid contact flue network and/or WFGD to enterThe surface of mouth. Because these regions are constructed by lower alloy or carbon steel conventionally, thereby often cause seriousCorrosion. In various embodiments, system described herein, method and/or technique can be to one or more potsFurnace parameters (for example soot blowing or economizer flow) is controlled and/or regulates, thus attempt control and/Or reduce the flue-gas temperature in stove region and/or leave the flue-gas temperature of the various piece of steam generator system.

Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention adopts automation logic, for example by optimizer orOther center-control networks, alleviate or prevent this acid gas condensation. In the AQCS of many power plant seriesTemperature monitoring is carried out in each position. Can be by these data as the input that enters control device. Can be based on flatWeighing apparatus thermodynamics produces curve, thereby for various pressure and gas composition, prediction is described every from flue gasPlant sour dew point (condensation temperature). These curves can be in conjunction with the input of the temperature about whole gas pathData produce about the control of the minimum temperature that will be kept above it and export set point, to prevent acid gas condensationThereby prevent corrosion. Signal can be outputed to intelligent soot blowing and/or the customized parameter in boiler, to adjustJoint heat absorption, thus flue-gas temperature controlled. Add specific economizer and relevant Control System Design and sideMethod (for example, United States Patent (USP) the 7th, 578, No. 265 and the 7th, those that disclose for 637, No. 233, it is institute in fullThe content disclosing and/or instruct is incorporated by reference herein) also can realize for the flue gas temperature of leavingControl parameter.

Although shown and described detailed description of the invention more of the present invention in detail, of the present invention to illustrateApplication and principle, but will appreciate that, this is not intended to limit the present invention, can these are former not departing fromIn the situation of reason, carry out concrete manifestation the present invention in other mode. In some cases, do not having correspondence to makeIn situation by other features, some feature of the present invention may be favourable sometimes. Therefore, all thisWithin a little variations and embodiment are all suitably included in the scope of appended claims.

Claims

1. method wet flue gas desulfurization unit being optimized, said method comprising the steps of:

(I) at least one parameter that is selected from lower group is measured, is analyzed and/or controls:

(a) type of fuel to be burnt and/or amount in combustion process;

(b) arrive the oxidation air flow of described combustion process;

(c) through the escaping of ammonia of SCR unit;

(d) export from the nitrogen oxide of described SCR unit;

(e) particle control and/or trap setting parameter;

(f) the mercury material in described flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms;

(g) the selenium material in described flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms;

(h) chemical property in the flue gas of WFGD and/or absorbent tank;

(i) redox potential in the absorbent tank of WFGD;

(j) suspended solid amount in the absorbent tank of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(k) lime stone and/or the stone ash analysis that in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit, use;

(l) be supplied to the amount of one or more reactants of wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower;

(m) SO at the smoke inlet place of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit₂Concentration;

(n) the entrance opacity of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(o) from the PI data of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(p) dissolved solids in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit; And/or

(q) the relative saturation degree of the gypsum crystal in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(II) from described at least one parameter generating data of step (I);

(III) use the described data that produce in step (II) to being selected from least one following operation ginsengNumber regulates:

(A) operability wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower level;

(B) arrive the reactant feed flow of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(C) oxidation air that arrives described wet flue gas desulfurization unit flows;

(D) flow out thing speed from the absorbent of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(E) liquid-gas ratio in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower;

(F) quantity of the absorbent recirculation pump moving in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(G) one or more dehydrating operation parameters;

(H) arrive the ammonia feed rate of described SCR unit;

(I) gypsum purity;

(J) fouling that in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit absorbent tower, gypsum is relevant forms;

(K) parasitic power loss of wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(L) redox potential in described absorbent recirculation tank;

(M) wet flue gas desulfurization unit effluent stream wastewater treatment parameter;

(N) SO of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit₂Removal efficiency;

(O) the relative saturation degree of the gypsum crystal in described slurry; And/or

(P) total dissolved solidss in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit.

2. method wet flue gas desulfurization unit being optimized, said method comprising the steps of:

(i) at least one parameter that is selected from lower group is measured in real time, is analyzed and/or controls:

(a) type of fuel to be burnt and/or amount in combustion process;

(b) arrive the oxidation air flow of described combustion process;

(c) through the escaping of ammonia of SCR unit;

(d) export from the nitrogen oxide of described SCR unit;

(e) particle control and/or trap setting parameter;

(f) the mercury material in described flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms;

(g) the selenium material in described flue gas and/or absorbent tank forms;

(h) chemical property in the flue gas of WFGD and/or absorbent tank;

(i) redox potential in the absorbent tank of WFGD;

(n) the entrance opacity of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(o) from the PI data of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(p) dissolved solids in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit; And/or

(ii) from described at least one parameter generating real time data of step (I);

(iii) use the described real time data producing in step (ii) to being selected from least one following fortuneLine parameter regulates:

(A) operability wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower level;

(E) liquid-gas ratio in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit tower;

(G) one or more dehydrating operation parameters;

(H) arrive the ammonia feed rate of described SCR unit;

(I) gypsum purity;

(K) parasitic power loss of wet flue gas desulfurization unit;

(L) redox potential in described absorbent recirculation tank;

(N) SO of described wet flue gas desulfurization unit₂Removal efficiency;

(P) total dissolved solidss in described wet flue gas desulfurization unit.

3. method wet flue gas desulfurization unit being optimized, said method comprising the steps of:

To at least one technique ginseng of combustion process and/or at least one combustion process AQSNumber is controlled, measures and/or analyzes, thereby obtains at least one group of data group;

With described at least one group of data group realize with wet flue gas desulfurization unit, particle collection device and/Or at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in nitrogen oxide control device conform with uncommonThe variation of hoping.

4. method wet flue gas desulfurization unit being optimized, said method comprising the steps of:

To at least two technique ginsengs of combustion process and/or at least one combustion process AQSNumber is controlled, measures and/or analyzes, thereby obtains at least one group of data group;

With described at least two group data groups realize with wet flue gas desulfurization unit, particle collection device and/Or at least one one or more relevant downstream process parameter in nitrogen oxide control device conform with uncommonThe variation of hoping.

5. method wet flue gas desulfurization unit being optimized, said method comprising the steps of:

At least one parameter that is selected from lower group is measured, is analyzed and/or controls:

(i) desulfurizing tower load;

(ii) oxidation air flow;

(iii) one or more boiler parameters;

(iv) one or more SCR cell parameters; And/or

(v) one or more electrostatic precipitator parameters;

From described at least one parameter generating data of step before; And

Carry out being selected from least one following operational factor by the described data that produce in step beforeRegulate:

(a) one or more gypsum nature of production and/or parameter;

(b) redox potential in described absorbent recirculation tank;

(c) pH of absorbent recirculation tank solution;

(d) concentration, the type of one or more compounds in absorbent recirculation tank solution and/or ionAnd/or material forms; And/or

(e) one or more changes in absorbent recirculation tank solution and/or described wet flue gas desulfurization unitConcentration, type and/or the material of compound and/or ion form.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method comprise the steps: bySO₃, at least one in trona or other sodium adsorbents add electrostatic precipitation to wet type or dry typeDevice, and the amount of these type of one or more compounds of the described electrostatic precipitator of control arrival, thus make to work asNo matter inject SO with wet type or dry type₃, when one or more in trona or other sodium adsorbents,The spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator than do not have this type of inject time occur spark amount be reduced.

7. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps: to controlThe spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator, thus reduce because spark causes one or more oxidations that formThe concentration of agent and/or type.

8. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps: to controlThe spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator and/or corona amount, thus reduce in described electrostatic precipitator, form oneConcentration and/or the type of kind or multiple oxidant.

9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, controlled described one or more oxygenAgent is selected lower group: persulfate, permanganate, manganate, ozone, hypochlorite, chlorate, nitreAcid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine or its combination of two or more arbitrarily.

10. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorption simultaneouslyThe redox potential of the solution of agent recirculation tank and pH.

11. methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 500mV, and pH is less than approximately 7.

12. methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 450mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.5.

13. methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 400mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

14. methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 350mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

15. methods as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 300mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

16. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 500mV.

17. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 450mV.

18. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 400mV.

19. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 350mV.

20. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 300mV.

21. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described in described method at least can be controlledSelenium material in absorbent recirculation tank solution forms, and can control from described wet flue gas desulfurization list simultaneouslyThe mercury of unit discharges again.

22. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described in described method can at least be controlledSelenium material in absorbent recirculation tank solution forms.

23. methods as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled following oneOr multiple: the selenium material in described absorbent recirculation tank solution forms, manganese material forms, cobalt material forms,Mercury material forms, or its arbitrarily two or more.

24. 1 kinds of methods that one or more assemblies of combustion system are optimized, described method comprise withLower step:

(I) data from least one parameter that is selected from lower group are measured, are collected and/or analyze:

(a) load of boiler, fuel delivery rate and/or one or more fuel state;

(b) the import SO before flue gas enters WFGD unit₂Concentration or level;

(c) WFGD tower level;

(d) WFGD unit pH level;

(e) absorbent recirculation tank ORP;

(f) from the WFGD effluent ORP of the ART of described WFGD;

(g) contained outlet SO the treated flue gas leaving from WFGD unit₂Concentration or level;

(h) at flue gas measured flue gas O after boiler or stove leave₂Content, concentration and/or level;

(i)NO_xThe reactant charge velocity of control device;

(j) leave arbitrary NO_xOutlet NO in the flue of control device_xLevel and/or concentration;

(k) charge velocity of one or more adsorbents in one or more DSI injection units;

(l) sulphur concentration and/or the type of the sulphur compound existing as the flue gas form of leaving DSI unit;

(m) spark frequency of ESP unit and/or power level, first and/or the 2nd ESP voltage,The one and/or the 2nd ESP electric current, and/or ESP gas flux, if or by some other typesGrain control device is realized particle control device, is relative one or more operational factor; With/ or

(n) leave mercury level in the described flue gas of WFGD unit, concentration and or type;

(II) from described at least one parameter generating data of step (I); And

(III) use the described data that produce in step (II) to regulate to be selected from of following combustion systemOr at least one operability parameter of multiple assemblies: boiler or stove, one or more NO_xControl device,One or more DSI unit, one or more particle control module; One or more WFGD unit,One or more wastewater treatment equipments, or its both or more persons' any combination.

25. methods as claimed in claim 23, is characterized in that, described in regulating in step (III)One or more parameters comprise one or more as follows:

(i) arrive the oxidation air delivery rate of described one or more WFGD unit;

(ii) lime stone, lime and/or the white lime that arrive described one or more WFGD unit are supplied with speedRate;

(iii) any one or pluralities of fuel additive charge velocity and/or concentration;

(iv) the burning control deviation of described boiler or stove;

(v) one or more NO_xControl device parameter, control and/or NH₃Charge velocity deviation, controlAnd/or urea charge velocity deviation;

(vi) DSI charge velocity, type and/or concentration and/or SO₃Concentration;

(vii) PAC charge velocity and/or type;

(viii) control of particle control module deviation and/or other particulate units technological parameters;

(ix) WFGD additive charge velocity, concentration and/or type;

(x) be supplied to any decanting point in described combustion system additive charge velocity, concentration and/orType; And/or

(xi) any treatment unit for waste water and/or systematic parameter.

26. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method comprise the steps: bySO₃, at least one in trona or other sodium adsorbents add electrostatic precipitation to wet type or dry typeDevice, and the amount of these type of one or more compounds of the described electrostatic precipitator of control arrival, thus make to work asNo matter inject SO with wet type or dry type₃, when one or more in trona or other sodium adsorbents,The spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator than do not have this type of inject time occur spark amount be reduced.

27. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps: controlThe spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator processed, thus reduce because spark causes one or more oxygen that formThe concentration of agent and/or type.

28. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps: controlThe spark amount occurring in electrostatic precipitator processed, thus one or more that form in described electrostatic precipitator reducedThe concentration of oxidant and/or type.

29. methods as claimed in claim 28, is characterized in that, controlled described one or moreOxidant is selected lower group: persulfate, permanganate, manganate, ozone, hypochlorite, chlorate,Nitric acid, iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine or its combination of two or more arbitrarily.

30. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorption simultaneouslyThe redox potential of the solution of agent recirculation tank and pH.

31. methods as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 500mV, and pH is less than approximately 7.

32. methods as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 450mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.5.

33. methods as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 400mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

34. methods as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 350mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

35. methods as claimed in claim 30, is characterized in that, in the solution of absorbent recirculation tankRedox potential is less than about 300mV, and pH is less than approximately 6.

36. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 500mV.

37. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 450mV.

38. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 400mV.

39. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 350mV.

40. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled absorbent againRedox potential in the solution of circulating tank, thus make described redox potential be less than about 300mV.

41. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described in described method at least can be controlledSelenium material in absorbent recirculation tank solution forms, and can control from described wet flue gas desulfurization list simultaneouslyThe mercury of unit discharges again.

42. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described in described method can at least be controlledSelenium material in absorbent recirculation tank solution forms.

43. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can be controlled following oneOr multiple: the selenium material in described absorbent recirculation tank solution forms, manganese material forms, cobalt material forms,Mercury material forms, or its arbitrarily two or more.

44. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can realize step (I)The Real-Time Monitoring of any one or more parameters.

45. methods as claimed in claim 24, is characterized in that, described method can realize step(III) the real-time control of any one or more parameters.

46. methods as claimed in claim 25, is characterized in that, described method can realize to be wanted rightAsk the real-time control of 25 any one or more parameters.

47. 1 kinds of systems and/or method, described system and/or method are to burning described herein and/or that discussOne or more assemblies of system are optimized.