CN105592394A - High-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device and method thereof - Google Patents
High-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105592394A CN105592394A CN201610125964.8A CN201610125964A CN105592394A CN 105592394 A CN105592394 A CN 105592394A CN 201610125964 A CN201610125964 A CN 201610125964A CN 105592394 A CN105592394 A CN 105592394A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R27/00—Public address systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device and a method thereof. The high-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device comprises a power supply module, a signal processing module, a pickup and an ultrasonic transducer module. The high-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device and the method thereof are characterized in that the pickup is mounted on the side surface or back surface of the sound amplifying surface of the ultrasonic transducer module; The signal processing module is used for amplifying the weak electric signal of the pickup and is connected with the ultrasonic transducer module. The ultrasonic transducer module is used for receiving the processed electric signal and performing playing. The high-sensitivity pickup and directional sound amplifying device and the method thereof have advantages of small size, large sound pickup range, large sound amplifying coverage area, high uniformity of sound field, convenient and flexible mounting, and effective improvement for communication sound quality of handfree communication equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to audio pickup, the technical field that amplifies, particularly a kind of highly sensitive pickup and directed public address set andIts method.
Background technology
Since twentieth century, it is the indispensable engineering means of social activities, daily life work that audio frequency amplifies,As multimedia teaching, meeting, comprehensive gala evening, field day etc., generally there is the collaborative work of microphone and loudspeaker simultaneously,In this occasion, all can produce acoustic feedback because of the Electro sonic Coupling between amplifier and microphone.
The appearance of acoustic feedback has limited the raising of system public address gain greatly, makes it not reach desirable amplifying effect, withTime affect the definition of sound, cause sound to occur distortion. When serious, even can produce and utter long and high-pitched sounds, easily make people's injury of ear, also shadowRing normally carrying out of the activities such as speech, performance, serious uttering long and high-pitched sounds also may be burnt the high pitch list of amplifier in system, amplifierUnit. In addition, in the extra high activity occasion of ask for something, as momentous conference, great performing active etc., more do not allow to occur making a whistling soundCry. Therefore, effectively acoustic feedback suppresses, and is a major issue of sound reinforcement system.
The generation principle of acoustic feedback phenomenon: audio signal, after loudspeaker output, is gathered by microphone again repeatedly,
Form the positive feedback loop between loudspeaker, microphone, the amplitude output signal of amplifier is constantly exaggerated, fromAnd making the signal generation self-oscillation in some frequency, generation is uttered long and high-pitched sounds.
The generation of acoustic feedback will possess three factors simultaneously:
(1) loudspeaker and microphone must be in same sound field institutes, i.e. the signal of loudspeaker output can be by microphone againDegree gathers, and forms positive feedback.
(2) the transaudient gain of system is large, and the pickup of microphone is highly sensitive.
(3) sound field defectiveness resonance. Be the spectral characteristic unevenness of system, in some frequency, easily occur.
(transaudient gain: nature sound source when the acoustic density in the time that sound reinforcement system is worked on audience's point and system are not workedAt the ratio of microphone loca acoustic density, represent with decibel, be called the transaudient gain of this sound reinforcement system. )
Suppress acoustic feedback and have at present following main method:
1, reduce system gain, for example, reduce sensitivity of microphone, reduce power of loudspeaker, when system gain is lower than raising one's voiceWhen sound energy attenuation between device and microphone, utter long and high-pitched sounds and just can not produce.
2, adjust distance, loudspeaker distance audience is nearer, distance microphone is far away, and microphone is nearer apart from sound source, distanceLoudspeaker is far away, and effect is better. Directional microphone points to sound source also certain help.
3, improve sound field, allow the natural reonant frequency of sound field away from working frequency range, wall is laid sound-absorbing material etc.
4, signal processing, eliminates scheduling algorithm as shift frequency, phase shift, dynamic equalization, echo, and principle is not launched to retouch here in detailState, these algorithms suppress there is certain contribution to acoustic feedback, but can not independently exist, and also need to depend on above 3 kinds of means.
Based on above method, we possess following characteristics by existing public address system conventionally:
1, closely say, mouth distance microphone is very near
If fixed microphone, it is too far away that speaker can not leave microphone, limited speaker's activity space, noCan accomplish that writing limit in blank top says; If wireless Worn type microphone, conventionally because radio channel resource, cost etc. because ofElement, is difficult to accomplish one of participant's staff, and wireless microphone working service high expensive, also exists assets to be difficult in realityThe problems such as keeping.
2, loudspeaker must be away from microphone
If use hand held radio microphone to transmit back and forth, speaker can not liberate both hands and not say, accidentally MikeWind can cause close to too and utter long and high-pitched sounds from loudspeaker.
3, equipment split, i.e. microphone, loudspeaker, amplification and signal handling equipment split layout, between by cable connectConnect.
This has just caused manufacturing cost, the installation cost of public address equipment, the increase of maintenance cost, and the most important thing is can not be justTake movement.
4, although hands-free talk back equipment is conventionally integrated loudspeaker and sound pick-up, and can say outward at certain distanceWords, but due to its pickup with play not in a space, simultaneously because communication line inevitably has a fixed response time, soundThe form of expression of feedback is not to cause to utter long and high-pitched sounds, but brings echo, if do not add the echo inhibition, speech quality is unsatisfactory.
As shown in Figure 1, can find out that from the operation principle of audio directional loudspeaker it has following system performance:
1, can launch high directivity audio frequency wave, this is that conventional loudspeakers cannot be accomplished;
2, encourage air directly to send compared with audible sound with conventional loudspeakers by mechanical oscillation, it be first send ultrasonicRipple then certainly demodulates audible sound by nonlinear interaction by ultrasonic wave in air, indirectly sends audio frequency wave;
3, wave energy is concentrated frequently for institute's sounding, and in communication process, most of energy is positioned near propagation axis, therefore with non-fingerTropism's sound source is compared to various aspects emittance, and its decay wants much slow, and this makes its audio frequency acoustic propagation distance farther;
4, near conventional loudspeakers wave volume maximum loudspeaker, and the sound of audio directional loudspeaker is along propagation axisDemodulation continuous stack form gradually, and therefore its energy just reaches maximum in the time approaching parametric array effective length;
5, the ultrasonic ultrasonic wave producing due to nonlinear interaction that involves that transducer sends can be decayed fast in air,Finally only leaving audio frequency wave high directivity in air propagates.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides that a kind of volume is little, pickup scope is wide, amplify that it is empty to coverBetween large, sound field is even, easy for installation flexibly, highly sensitive pickup and the orientation that can improve the communication tonequality of hands-free communication apparatusPublic address set and method thereof.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of highly sensitive pickup and directed public address set, comprise power module, signal processing module, sound pick-up and ultrasonic waveTransducer module, described sound pick-up is arranged on and the amplify side of face or below of ultrasonic transducer module, described signal placeReason module is used for the ultra-weak electronic signal amplification of sound pick-up, described signal processing module to be connected with ultrasonic transducer module,Described ultrasonic transducer module is used for the signal of telecommunication after reception & disposal and plays.
Further, described sound pick-up is directive pickup device or omnidirectional's sound pick-up, and described sound pick-up is by microphone and peripheryAcoustic construction forms, and described directional ultrasonic transducer module is adjusted for the simulated audio signal that signal processing module is sent hereSystem to ultrasonic frequency and via ultrasonic transducer module to audience region directive sending.
A kind of high quick pickup and directed audio amplifying method, step comprises:
1) ultra-weak electronic signal that sound pick-up is sent here is large through the prevention of analog amplify circuit, delivers to A/D converter, will simulateSignal changes data signal into;
2) signal is with to logical processing, removes the outer frequency of band;
3) adopt digital signal processing algorithm eliminate acoustic feedback and carry out echo inhibition;
4) signal is carried out to the control of AGC automatic gain;
5) signal is modulated, as baseband signal, carrier wave is modulated by audio signal, so that via ultrasonic waveTransducer carries out electroacoustic conversion, and this method finishes.
Than prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
A) due to the distance being no longer limited between microphone and loudspeaker, that loudspeaker can be accomplished is integrated, miniaturization,Portability, volume is less than 0.03 cubic metre.
B) due to the reduction greatly of acoustic feedback, can use highly sensitive microphone and high power signal amplify and need notWorry self-excitation is uttered long and high-pitched sounds, highly sensitive pickup, and making speaker can in apart from 5 meters of radius of equipment, freely walk about speech need notHand-held or bear microphone apparatus.
C) sound field is even, accomplishes that sound is not noisy, not little at loudspeaker nearby at a distance.
It is d) easy for installation that flexibly installation can be that desktop is put, also can installation of ceiling, and needed wiring just will be insertedHead inserts power supply.
E) reduce the acoustic feedback of hands-free communication apparatus, improve effective pickup distance, improve communication tonequality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is audio directional loudspeaker operation principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the directivity pattern of audio directional loudspeaker.
Fig. 3 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sound field data of actual measurement ultrasonic directional loudspeaker.
Fig. 5 is the sound field schematic diagram of actual measurement ultrasonic directional loudspeaker.
Fig. 6 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is FIR bandpass filter algorithm frequency response curve figure.
Fig. 8 is PEM-AFROW algorithm principle figure.
Fig. 9 is that SSB single sideband modulation mode phase shift method is realized block diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Learn from acoustics knowledge, people's audible sound frequency scope is 20HZ～20KHZ, and the main concentration of energy of voice exists300HZ～3.4KHZ, the sound wave of this frequency does not have directionality, and point sound source spreads towards periphery in sphere mode, if ignore skyThe factors such as aspiration receipts, metope reflection, meet following rule: LP1-LP2=20Lg (r1/r2) apart from the sound pressure level difference of r1 and r2.
Suppose micropkonic setting up as microphone is apart from 0.3 meter of loudspeaker, audience, apart from 8 meters of loudspeakers, listens soAcoustic pressure between crowd and microphone is poor is 28.5 decibels, is not adopting under the prerequisite of the technological means such as acoustic feedback inhibition this expansionThe transaudient gain of sound model is-28.5 decibels, then improves to gain to produce and utter long and high-pitched sounds; Current acoustic feedback suppresses means and mainly wrapsDraw together the modes such as shift frequency, phase shift, trap, DSP Digital Signal Processing, but overall contribution is no more than 10 decibels conventionally, even if addThese means, transaudient gain also can only be accomplished-18.5 decibels of left and right, such loudspeaker does not have amplifying effect.
Audio directional loudspeaker is according to parametric acoustic array principle, utilizes the aerial nonlinear propagation effects of ultrasonic wave to produceA kind of New-type loudspeaker of raw high directivity audible sound. Be known as again parameter acoustic array, parametric loudspeaker audio frequency in the world poly-Light modulation, sound beam loudspeaker, supersonic frequency sound, directive property sound system etc., not yet form unified appellation. Send out with conventional loudspeakersThe sound wave omnidirectional going out propagates different, and it can be controlled at audible sound a certain region interior orientation in space and propagate, and relevant art is claimedDo " audio frequency directional technology ", the sound of hearing outside this region will be very faint or be can't hear sound at all. Audio frequency directional systemThis distinct acoustic wave generation ability has become the first and can realize the sound source of audible sound direction propagation. Audio directional loudspeakerRealize non-this patent emphasis, just do not do too much description here.
As shown in Figure 2, audio frequency energy sends from the forward of loudspeaker, and energy does not almost have dorsad.
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of highly sensitive pickup and directed public address set, comprise power module, signal processing module, pickupDevice and ultrasonic transducer module, described sound pick-up is arranged on and the amplify side of face or below of ultrasonic transducer module,Be placed on and can reduce greatly acoustic feedback herein, described power module is for being converted to 5V, 3.3V direct current by 220V alternating currentVoltage supplies signal processing module, provides 60V DC voltage for ultrasonic transducer module work, described signal processing module simultaneouslyFor the ultra-weak electronic signal of sound pick-up being amplified and is carried out A/D conversion, Digital Signal Processing and D/A conversion. Described sound pick-up isDirective pickup device or omnidirectional's sound pick-up, described ultrasonic transducer module is directional ultrasonic transducer module, described sound pick-upFormed by microphone and peripheral acoustic construction, be operated in " heart " pattern and can obtain the directive gain of 12dB, this orientation pickupDevice points to speaker, obtains higher signal to noise ratio, and described directional ultrasonic transducer module is for sending signal processing moduleCome simulated audio signal be modulated to ultrasonic frequency and via ultrasonic transducer module to audience region directive sending.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, energy distributes vertically, and compared with the point sound source on ordinary meaning, acoustic pressure declines with distanceSubtract not obvious, the data that obtain from our experiment, the acoustic pressure of 0 meter～8 meters is poor is less than 6 decibels, this just makes loudspeakerThe acoustic pressure of mouth is without very large, and ultrasonic wave demodulates near the acoustic pressure that audible sound is even less than audience area loudspeaker. Sound field is even;Because the sound that traditional audible sound loudspeaker sends is exponential damping with distance, in order to ensure that the acoustic pressure of audience area is wanted at a distanceAsk, loudspeaker acoustic pressure nearby must be very greatly, very noisy, brings discomfort to audience nearby; And use ultrasonic directional loudspeakerLoudspeaker there is no such puzzlement.
As shown in Figure 6, a kind of high quick pickup and directed audio amplifying method, step comprises:
1) ultra-weak electronic signal that sound pick-up is sent here is large through the prevention of 26dB, delivers to A/D converter, adopts 16K, 24bitSample rate is data signal by analog-signal transitions, amplifies and processes to carry out further numeral;
2) signal is with to logical processing, removes the outer frequency of band: because the main spectrum energy of voice signal concentrates on 0.3Between～3.4KHZ, introduce too much low frequency signal and can introduce the reverberation in room, be that sound becomes ambiguous, introduce too muchHigh-frequency signal can be introduced too much acoustic feedback, increases the expense of system computing, simultaneously to the not corresponding contribution of speech energy;Voice band passband rate is set to 0.3～5KHZ, uses FIR bandpass filter algorithm, and its frequency response expression formula is:
Its frequency response curve figure as shown in Figure 7;
3) adopt digital signal processing algorithm eliminate acoustic feedback and carry out echo inhibition: although be noted that use soundFrequently directional loudspeaker can reduce acoustic feedback widely as the electroacoustic conversion of end, but due in the time that indoor environment is used,Hyperacoustic come the diffusion of the audible sound that recalls of back reflective and aerial, acoustic feedback still keeps away unavoidably, if use highly sensitiveThe microphone of degree carries out far field pickup, still has and produces the possibility of uttering long and high-pitched sounds, and therefore in software, also must use AFC acoustic feedback to disappearExcept means, further ensure system stability and reduce audio distortion. Adopt the elimination acoustic feedback of PEM-AFROW algorithm and echo to press downSystem, as shown in Figure 8, wherein K is public address gain, q-1It is the time delay factor; q-dRepresent the delay of d sample; Feedback compensation sample d(n)＝x(n)-y(n)×f0, F is the audio feedback path from loudspeaker to sound pick-up, the filter vector f of room shock response F(n) can use nFThe finite impulse response FIR wave filter on+1 rank represents:
F(q，n)＝f(n)Tq＝[f0(n)f1(n)…fnF(n)]q0q1…qnF]T, e (n) is desirable white noise sequence, S(n) be nARank time become autoregression model
Transfer function H (q, n) canTo write as follows by IIR iir filter form:
4) signal is carried out to the control of AGC automatic gain: when the distance of leaving sound pick-up as speaker changes, voice soundThe size of amount has no small variation, in order to reduce this variation, needs the size of automatic decision average volume, to small volumeVoice improve gain, and the voice of large volume are reduced to gain; The yield value computing formula of AGC algorithm is:
A (n+1) is to the yield value after signal transmission adjustment; A (n)It is the yield value before adjusting; AinIt is signal amplitude value; A0To expect range value; 2(-a)Be a constant, wherein a value is different, AGCRegulate the speed also different;
5) to step 4) signal adjusted modulates, as baseband signal, the carrier wave of 40KHZ entered by audio signalRow modulation, modulation system is selected the SSB single sideband modulation mode that demodulation distortion is less; The time-domain expression of its lower sideband is:
Its phase shift method is realized block diagram as shown in Figure 9, this method knotBundle.
Claims (3)
1. highly sensitive pickup and a directed public address set, comprise power module, signal processing module, sound pick-up and ultrasonic wavesCan device module, it is characterized in that described sound pick-up is arranged on and the amplify side of face or below of ultrasonic transducer module, instituteState signal processing module for the ultra-weak electronic signal of sound pick-up is amplified, described signal processing module and ultrasonic transducer moduleBe connected, described ultrasonic transducer module is used for the signal of telecommunication after reception & disposal and plays.
2. the highly sensitive pickup of one according to claim 1 and directed public address set, is characterized in that described sound pick-up isDirective pickup device or omnidirectional's sound pick-up, described sound pick-up is made up of microphone and peripheral acoustic construction, described directional ultrasonicTransducer module is modulated to ultrasonic frequency for simulated audio signal that signal processing module is sent here and via ultrasonic wavesEnergy device module is to audience region directive sending.
3. high quick pickup and a directed audio amplifying method, is characterized in that step comprises:
1) ultra-weak electronic signal that sound pick-up is sent here is large through the prevention of analog amplify circuit, delivers to A/D converter, by analog signalChange data signal into;
2) signal is with to logical processing, removes the outer frequency of band;
3) adopt digital signal processing algorithm eliminate acoustic feedback and carry out echo inhibition;
4) signal is carried out to the control of AGC automatic gain;
5) signal is modulated, as baseband signal, carrier wave is modulated by audio signal, so that via ultrasonic wave transducerDevice carries out electroacoustic conversion, and this method finishes.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106100676A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-11-09 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Control method, user terminal and the interphone terminal of audio frequency output |
| CN106448693A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-02-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Speech signal processing method and apparatus |
| CN106679326A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-05-17 | 北京通远科技有限公司 | Intelligent refrigerator controlled on basis of voice recognition |
| CN107333192A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-11-07 | 深圳市创锐实业有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus of feedback inhibition for audio amplifier |
| CN108831438A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-16 | Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 | Voice data generation method and relevant apparatus |
| CN110634462A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-31 | 深圳市通世海精密机械有限公司 | Sound adjusting system and adjusting method |
| CN113030848A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 星阅科技(深圳)有限公司 | Device for distinguishing whether sound is directional sound source |
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| CN110634462B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2024-01-09 | 深圳市通世海精密机械有限公司 | Sound adjusting system and adjusting method |
| CN113030848A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 星阅科技(深圳)有限公司 | Device for distinguishing whether sound is directional sound source |
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Application publication date: 20160518 |