CN105592303A - Imaging method, imaging device, and electronic device - Google Patents

Imaging method, imaging device, and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105592303A
CN105592303A CN201510964213.0A CN201510964213A CN105592303A CN 105592303 A CN105592303 A CN 105592303A CN 201510964213 A CN201510964213 A CN 201510964213A CN 105592303 A CN105592303 A CN 105592303A
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pixel
merging
image
colored
photosensitive
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CN105592303B (en
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周奇群
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an imaging method comprising steps of: providing an image sensor including a light-sensing pixel array and a light filter disposed thereon, wherein the light filter comprises a light filtering unit array and each light filtering unit comprises a white light filtering region and a color light filtering region each of which covers multiple light-sensing pixels; reading an output of the light-sensing pixel array in order to combine the outputs of the light-sensing pixels covered by the color light filtering region of a combined pixel into a color analog signal and to combine the outputs of the white light filtering region into a gray analog signal; processing the color analog signal and the gray analog signal to obtain a pixel value of the combined pixel to generate a combined image. The combined image involves complete color information and has high brightness and sharpness and few noise points. The invention also discloses an imaging device capable of implementing the imaging method and an electronic device using the imaging device.

Description

Formation method, imaging device and electronic installation
Technical field
The present invention relates to imaging technique, particularly a kind of formation method, imaging device and electronic installation.
Background technology
The optical filtering Pixel arrangement mode of conventional images sensor is RG, GB or RW, GW, wherein R, G, B and W generation respectivelyTable is red, green, blue and white. RG, GB is traditional arrangement mode, can collect color information accurately, but lowUnder illumination, noise is many, unintelligible, RW, and GW arrangement mode can be received better definition under low-light (level), but color can be notAccurately. In addition, the mode noise that existing photosensitive pixel output merges is larger, and signal to noise ratio is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve one of technical problem existing in prior art. For this reason, the present invention need to provide a kind ofFormation method, imaging device and electronic installation.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Imageing sensor is provided, and described imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array and is arranged on described photosensitive pixel arrayOptical filter, described optical filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises white filter area and colorized optical filtering district;Described white filter area and described colorized optical filtering district cover respectively multiple described photosensitive pixels; Same described filter unit coversDescribed photosensitive pixel form and merge pixel;
Read the output of described photosensitive pixel array;
Colored mould is merged in the output of the described photosensitive pixel that the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel is coveredAnalog signal; And
Process the pixel value that obtains described merging pixel according to described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signal with lifeBecome to merge image.
Adopt the formation method of embodiment of the present invention, the colorized optical filtering district of filter unit is for obtaining the color letter that merges pixelBreath, to merge monochrome information and this monochrome information noise of pixel less for obtaining under low-light (level) for white filter area. So,The monochrome information that the pixel value of the merging image of rear generation had not only comprised color information but also comprised low perceived noisiness, the color that merges image is completeWhole, brightness and definition are all better, and noise is few. In addition, circuit can be set by same merging in the formation method of present embodimentThe analog signal of the photosensitive pixel output that the photosensitive pixel that the colorized optical filtering district of pixel is corresponding and white filter area are corresponding respectively also, withGenerate the colour that signal to noise ratio is high and merge image and gray scale merging image, and then generate the high merging image of signal to noise ratio. To sum up, thisThe formation method of bright embodiment has solved some problem of existing formation method.
In some embodiments, described processing treatment step further comprises:
Described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signal are separately converted to colorful digital signal and gray scale numeral letterNumber to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel.
In some embodiments, each described filter unit covers 2*2 described photosensitive pixel.
In some embodiments, described treatment step further comprises:
Gather described colorful digital signal and described gray scale numeral letter that k described photosensitive pixel capable and that k+1 is capable is correspondingNumber and deposit register in, wherein k=2n-1, n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to total line number of described photosensitive pixel array;And
From described register, extract the output of the capable and described photosensitive pixel that k+1 is capable of described k to obtain described mergingThe pixel value of pixel.
In some embodiments, the pixel value of described merging pixel comprises the color images corresponding with described colored analog signalElement value and the white pixel value corresponding with described gray scale analog signal;
Described treatment step further comprises:
Generate colored merging image and generate gray scale according to described white pixel value according to described color pixel values and merge image.
In some embodiments, described treatment step further comprises:
Described colored merging image is changed into the colored subimage of yuv format; And
Thereby the brightness value that the brightness value of described colored subimage is replaced with to described gray scale merging image obtains described mergingImage.
The present invention also provides a kind of imaging device, and it comprises:
Imageing sensor, described imageing sensor comprises:
Photosensitive pixel array; And
Be arranged at the optical filter on described photosensitive pixel array;
Described optical filter comprises filter unit array, and each described filter unit comprises white filter area and colorized optical filtering district;Described white filter area and described colorized optical filtering district cover respectively multiple described photosensitive pixels; Same described filter unit coversDescribed photosensitive pixel form and merge pixel.
Described imaging device also comprises the image processing module being connected with described imageing sensor;
The described photosensitive pixel of described imageing sensor for the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel is coveredOutput merge into colored analog signal, and ash is merged in the output of the described photosensitive pixel that described white filter area is coveredDegree analog signal; Described image processing module is for the treatment of obtaining according to described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signalPixel value to described merging pixel merges image to generate.
In some embodiments, described imageing sensor comprises analog-digital converter array; The institute of same described merging pixelThe all described photosensitive pixel of stating the covering of colorized optical filtering district is connected with an analog-digital converter, and same described merging pixelThe all described photosensitive pixel that described white filter area covers is connected with an analog-digital converter;
Described analog-digital converter is for being separately converted to colored number by described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signalWord signal and gray scale data signal are to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel.
In some embodiments, described imageing sensor comprises the source follower being connected with described photosensitive pixel, described inSource follower is for being converted to voltage signal to be changed by described analog-digital converter by the charge signal of described photosensitive pixelFor described colorful digital signal and described gray scale data signal;
Described source follower is connected with described analog-digital converter.
In some embodiments, each described photosensitive pixel is connected with a described source follower.
In some embodiments, the described photosensitive pixel and that the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel coversIndividual described source follower connects, and the described photosensitive pixel that covers of the described white filter area of same described merging pixel withA described source follower connects.
In some embodiments, described colorized optical filtering district forms Bayer array.
In some embodiments, each described filter unit comprises 2*2 described photosensitive pixel.
In some embodiments, the described white filter area of each described merging pixel and described colorized optical filtering district are covered respectivelyCover two described photosensitive pixels.
In some embodiments, described imageing sensor comprises control module, and described control module is used for controlling described senseLight pixel array exposes line by line.
In some embodiments, described imageing sensor also comprises register, and described control module is for gathering and work as successivelyCorresponding described colorful digital signal and the described grey of k described photosensitive pixel capable and that k+1 is capable that prior exposure completesWord signal also deposits described register in, wherein k=2n-1, and n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to described photosensitive pixel arrayTotal line number.
In some embodiments, described imageing sensor comprises micro mirror array, each described micro mirror and a described sensitizationPixel correspondence.
In some embodiments, the pixel value of described merging pixel comprises the color images corresponding with described colored analog signalElement value and the white pixel value corresponding with described gray scale analog signal;
Described image processing module is used for generating colored merging image and looking like according to described white according to described color pixel valuesElement value generates gray scale and merges image.
In some embodiments, described image processing module is also for changing the described colored image that merges into YUV latticeThe colored subimage of formula.
Described image processing module is also for replacing with the brightness value of described colored sub-image pixels in described gray scale merging figureThereby obtain described merging image as the brightness value of respective pixel.
The present invention also provides a kind of electronic installation, and it comprises the imaging device of above-mentioned embodiment.
In some embodiments, described electronic installation comprises mobile phone.
In some embodiments, described imaging device comprises the preposition camera of described mobile phone.
In some embodiments, described electronic installation comprises the central processing unit and the external memory that are connected with described imaging deviceDevice, described central processing unit is used for controlling described external memory and stores described merging image.
In some embodiments, described electronic installation also comprises the central processing unit and the demonstration that are connected with described imaging deviceDevice, described central processing unit is used for controlling described display unit and shows described merging image.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become bright from the following descriptionAobvious, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage from conjunction with below accompanying drawing to becoming obvious the description of embodimentWith easy understanding, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the formation method of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet that reads photosensitive pixel output synthetic image of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 3 is the processing photosensitive pixel output of embodiment of the present invention formation method the schematic flow sheet of synthetic image.
Fig. 4 is the processing photosensitive pixel output of embodiment of the present invention formation method the schematic flow sheet of synthetic image.
Fig. 5 is the processing photosensitive pixel output of embodiment of the present invention formation method the schematic flow sheet of synthetic image.
Fig. 6 is the schematic side view of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the filter unit schematic diagram of the imageing sensor of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 be embodiment of the present invention function module diagram.
Fig. 9 is the imaging device photosensitive pixel electrical block diagram of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the imaging device photosensitive pixel electrical block diagram of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that the one of the imaging device photosensitive pixel output of embodiment of the present invention merges mode electrical block diagram.
Figure 12 is that the another kind of the imaging device photosensitive pixel output of embodiment of the present invention merges mode electrical block diagram.
Figure 13 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is Bayer array schematic diagram.
Figure 15 is the perspective view of the imageing sensor of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the perspective view of the imageing sensor of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe the embodiment of embodiments of the present invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings,Wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Exemplary below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining embodiments of the present invention, and can notBe interpreted as the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.
Formation method, imaging device and electronic installation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiments of the present invention are done furtherlyBright.
Refer to Fig. 1, the formation method of embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1, provides imageing sensor, and imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array and is arranged at the optical filtering on photosensitive pixel arraySheet, optical filter comprises filter unit array, filter unit comprises white filter area and colorized optical filtering district, white filter area and colourFilter area covers respectively multiple photosensitive pixels, and the photosensitive pixel that same filter unit covers forms merging pixel.
S2, the output of reading photosensitive pixel array.
S3, colored analog signal is merged in the output of the photosensitive pixel that the colorized optical filtering district of same merging pixel is covered, and will be withGray scale analog signal is merged in the output of the photosensitive pixel that the one white filter area that merges pixel covers.
S4, processes the pixel value that obtains merging pixel according to colored analog signal and gray scale analog signal and merges image to generate.
The colorized optical filtering district of the filter unit in the formation method of embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining the color that merges pixelInformation, to merge monochrome information and this monochrome information noise of pixel less for obtaining under low-light (level) for white filter area. AsThis, merge the monochrome information that the pixel value of image had not only comprised color information but also comprised low perceived noisiness, and the color that merges image is complete,Brightness and definition are all better, and noise is few.
In addition, circuit can be set by light-sensitive image corresponding the colorized optical filtering district of same merging pixel in the formation method of present embodimentThe analog signal of the photosensitive pixel output that plain and white filter area is corresponding merges, and the noise of generation is lower.
Please refer to the drawing 2, step S4 further comprises:
S41: colored analog signal and gray scale analog signal are separately converted to colorful digital signal and gray scale data signal to obtainMerge the pixel value of pixel.
Subsequent conditioning circuit, as digital signal processing chip (DSP, digitalsignalprocessor), need carry out the output of photosensitive pixelDigital processing merges image to generate, and therefore needs analog signal to be converted to data signal to facilitate processing.
Please refer to the drawing 15 and Figure 13, in some embodiments, each filter unit covers 2*2 photosensitive pixel.
Please refer to the drawing 3, in formation method in the present embodiment, step S2 further comprises:
S42: gather colorful digital signal and the gray scale data signal that k photosensitive pixel capable and that k+1 is capable is corresponding and deposit in and postStorage, wherein k=2n-1, n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to total line number of photosensitive pixel array.
S43: extract the output of the capable and photosensitive pixel that k+1 is capable of k to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel from register.
So, can make full use of that register realizes that the output of photosensitive unit is read, the process of buffer memory and merging, hardware is easyRealization and processing speed are very fast.
Please refer to the drawing 4, in some embodiments, the pixel value that merges pixel comprises the colour element corresponding with colored analog signalValue and the white pixel value corresponding with gray scale analog signal,
Step S4 further comprises:
S45: generate colored merging image and generate gray scale merging image according to white pixel value according to color pixel values.
So, obtain the colour that color information is complete and merge image according to merging the color pixel values of pixel, according to merging pixelWhite pixel value obtains brightness under low-light (level) and definition is better, noise is less gray scale merges image.
Please refer to the drawing 5, in some embodiments, step S4 further comprises:
S47, merges colour image and changes into the colored subimage of yuv format, and
S49, merges the brightness value of image and obtains merging image thereby the brightness value of colored subimage is replaced with to gray scale.
The image of yuv format comprises brightness attribute, is appreciated that gray scale merges image by the white filter area pair that merges pixelThe white pixel value of answering obtains, and compared to colorized optical filtering district, the white filter area to external world barrier effect of light is less, therefore withOne merges in pixel, and gray scale corresponding to white pixel value merges that brightness of image value is higher, noise is also less. Therefore, by colourThe brightness value of image replaces with gray scale and merges the brightness value of image and obtain merging image and both comprised complete color information, brightness, clearClear degree is also higher. Especially under low-light (level), to merge the obvious noise of image less compared with replacing colour before brightness value to merge image.
So, one, the image processing module that is generally digital signal processing chip (DSP, digitalsignalprocessor) is passableDirectly process the output of imageing sensor, two, pass through the directly analog signal format to imageing sensor of circuit with respect to someThe scheme processed of output, retained preferably the information of image, for example, for the image sensing of 16M pixelDevice, the formation method of embodiment of the present invention can retain the information of 16M pixel (image before merging), at this baseOn plinth, obtain the merging image of 4M pixel or the image of other resolution ratio through processing.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention can be realized by the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention comprises imageing sensor and is connected with imageing sensorImage processing module.
Imageing sensor 10 comprises photosensitive pixel array 11 and is arranged at the optical filter 13 on photosensitive pixel array 11. Optical filter13 comprise filter unit array 131, and each filter unit 1311 comprises white filter area 1313 and colorized optical filtering district 1315,White filter area 1313 and colorized optical filtering district 1315 cover respectively multiple photosensitive pixels 111. For example, in Fig. 8, colorized optical filtering district1315 is green filter area, covers two photosensitive pixels 111, and white filter area 1313 also covers two photosensitive pixels 111. WithThe photosensitive pixel 111 that one filter unit 1311 covers forms merging pixel. Extraneous light is irradiated to light-sensitive image by optical filter 13The sensitization part 1111 of element 111 is to produce the signal of telecommunication, the analog signal that photosensitive pixel 111 is exported.
The photosensitive pixel that imageing sensor 10 covers the colorized optical filtering district 1315 of same merging pixel and white filter area 1313111 analog signal outputs that produce are merged into respectively colored analog signal and gray scale analog signal. Be colorized optical filtering district 1315 correspondencesColored analog signal, white filter area 1313 corresponding grey scale analog signals. Image processing module 10 is for the treatment of according to colored mouldThe pixel value that analog signal and gray scale analog signal obtain merging pixel is to generate merging image.
The colorized optical filtering district 1315 of the filter unit 1311 of the imageing sensor 10 of embodiment of the present invention merges picture for obtainingThe color information of element, white filter area 1313 merges monochrome information and this monochrome information of pixel and makes an uproar for obtaining under low-light (level)Sound is less. The monochrome information that the pixel value of the merging image generating with this had not only comprised color information but also comprised low perceived noisiness, merges imageColor complete, brightness and definition are all better, noise is few.
In addition, circuit is set the analog signal of photosensitive pixel output corresponding the colorized optical filtering district of same merging pixel is merged, produceRaw noise is less.
Please refer to the drawing 8 and Fig. 9, in the present embodiment, imageing sensor 10 comprises the modulus being connected with image processing module 50Switch array 21. All photosensitive pixels 111 that the colorized optical filtering district 1315 of same merging pixel covers and an analog-to-digital conversionDevice 211 connects, and the white filter area 1313 of same merging the pixel all photosensitive pixels 111 and the analog-to-digital conversion that coverDevice 211 connects. Analog-digital converter 211 is for being separately converted to colorful digital signal by colored analog signal and gray scale analog signalAnd gray scale data signal is to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel.
Wherein, 111 points of the photosensitive pixels of the photosensitive pixel 111 of colorized optical filtering district 1315 correspondences and white filter area 1313 correspondencesBe not connected with signal and merge processing module 25, the photosensitive pixel to colorized optical filtering district 1315 and white filter area 1313 correspondencesColored analog signal and gray scale analog signal are processed and are merged in output. Photosensitive pixel structure comprises photodiode 1113 and opensClose pipe 1115, switching tube 1115 is for controlling the break-make of photosensitive pixel institute outputting analog signal, so that photosensitive pixel array line by lineOutput.
Please refer to the drawing 10, in the present embodiment, imageing sensor 10 comprises the source follower 1117 being connected with photosensitive pixel 111,For the charge signal of photosensitive pixel 111 is converted to voltage signal, belong to the voltage signal of analog signal again by analog-digital converter211 are converted to data signal, i.e. colorful digital signal and gray scale data signal. Source follower 1117 and analog-digital converter 211Connect.
Source follower 1117 can produce photodiode 1113 charge signal through illumination is converted to voltage signal, with sideJust analog-digital converter 211 is further processed.
Please refer to the drawing 10, the primary structure of photosensitive pixel 111 comprises photodiode 1113 and switching tube 1115. Photodiode1113 for illumination is converted into electric charge, and the electric charge and the proportional relation of intensity of illumination that produce.
See also Figure 10, in some embodiments, imageing sensor 10 comprises control module 17 and connectedRow is selected logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173, for the switching of gauge tap pipe 1115, when switching tube 1115When closed conducting, source follower 1117 (sourcefollower) produces photodiode 1113 charge signal through illumination turnsTurn to voltage signal. Analog-digital converter 211 (ADC, Analog-to-digitalconverter) is for being converted to numeral by voltage signalSignal, to transfer to subsequent conditioning circuit as image processing module processing.
Photosensitive pixel and source follower have two kinds of connected modes.
Please refer to the drawing 11, in some embodiments, each photosensitive pixel 111 is connected with a source follower 1117. SameMerge the source follower 1117 of colored filter area 1315 correspondences and the source follower of white filter area 1313 correspondences in pixel1117 are connected with an analog-digital converter 211 respectively.
The circuit structure of a source follower 1117 corresponding to each photosensitive pixel 111 and an analog-digital converter 211 is compared,The signal output intensity of the circuit structure of present embodiment photosensitive pixel 111 is identical, and photodiode 1113 noises, source electrodeFollower 1117 noises are all lower, and therefore signal to noise ratio is higher generally, and the image of generation is more clear.
Please refer to the drawing 12, in other embodiments, the photosensitive pixel 111 that the colorized optical filtering district 1315 of same merging pixel coversBe connected with a source follower 1117. In same merging pixel the source follower 1117 of colored filter area 1315 correspondences withAn analog-digital converter 211 connects.
The circuit structure of a source follower 1113 corresponding to each photosensitive pixel 111 and an analog-digital converter 211 is compared,Though the noise of the circuit structure of present embodiment photosensitive pixel 111 is slightly high, output intensity is its 2 times, thereby noise generallyHigher, the image of generation is more clear.
To sum up, the photosensitive pixel that adopts above embodiment that unit of colorized optical filtering district is covered merges, when each filter unit covers 4When individual photosensitive pixel, can be obtained by the photosensitive pixel array of 16M resolution ratio the colour merging image of 4M. Although imageResolution ratio has reduced compared to photosensitive pixel array, but the signal to noise ratio of image is higher, and especially, under low-light (level), noise is less,Can meet better the demands such as bat at night. And, adopt the photosensitive pixel circuit structure of above embodiment, on hardware, easily realize,And merge the speed that it merges photosensitive pixel output compared to software.
Refer to Figure 13, in some embodiments, colorized optical filtering district forms Bayer array (Bayerpattern). Bayer arrayComprise filtering structure 1317, each filtering structure 1317 comprises 2*2 filter unit 1311, be respectively green, red,Blue, green filter unit 1311.
Adopt Bayer structure can adopt conventional needle to process picture signal to the algorithm of Bayer structure, thereby do not need on hardware configurationDo large adjustment.
Please refer to the drawing 14, in traditional filter unit array structure, the corresponding photosensitive pixel of each filter unit and image pixel.Refer to Figure 13, in the present embodiment, filter unit array 131 adopts Bayer structure, comprises filtering structure 1317, everyIndividual filtering structure 1317 comprises green, redness, blueness, green filter unit 1311, and different, each filter unit1311 corresponding multiple photosensitive pixels 111, wherein, respectively corresponding two sensitization of white filter area 1313 and colorized optical filtering district 1315Pixel 111.
Refer to Figure 15 and Figure 13, in some embodiments, each filter unit 1311 covers 2*2 photosensitive pixel 111Merge pixel to form.
Except 2*2 structure, also have 3*3,4*4, or even any structure (n, m is natural number) such as n*m, be appreciated thatOn photosensitive pixel array 11, the number of sequencable photosensitive pixel 111 is limited, the light-sensitive image that each merging pixel comprisesElement 111 is too much, and the resolution sizes of image can be restricted, as, if the pixel value of photosensitive pixel array 11 is 16M,Adopt the merging dot structure of 2*2 can obtain the merging image that resolution ratio is 4M, and adopt 4*4 structure just can only be differentiatedRate is the merging image of 1M. Therefore the merging dot structure of 2*2 is a preferred arrangement mode, is sacrificing less resolution ratio as far as possiblePrerequisite under promote brightness of image and definition. Meanwhile, adopt 2*2 structure to facilitate realization reading photosensitive pixel output on hardwareGet and merge processing.
Refer to Figure 15 and Figure 13, in some embodiments, the white filter area 1313 of each merging pixel and colored filterLight district 1315 covers respectively two photosensitive pixels 111.
Like this, white filter area 1313 and colorized optical filtering district 1315 fully cover the photosensitive pixel 111 that merges pixel.
Refer to Figure 16, in some embodiments, imageing sensor also comprises control module 17, and control module 17 is for controlPhotosensitive pixel array 11 processed exposes line by line. Control module 17 is connected with row and selects logical block 171 and column selection logical block173, to control line by line, the output of photosensitive pixel 111 is processed.
The mode of exposing line by line and export more easily realizes on hardware.
See also Figure 16, in the present embodiment, imageing sensor 10 also comprises register 19, control module 17 useIn the colorful digital signal and the grey that gather successively photosensitive pixel 111 correspondences that k is capable and k+1 is capable that complete when prior exposureWord signal, and deposited in register 19, wherein k=2n-1, n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to photosensitive pixel array 11Total line number.
Concrete, referring to Figure 16, Figure 11 and Figure 12, imageing sensor comprises with row selects logical block 171 and column selectionThe control module 17 that logical block 173 connects. Row is selected logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173 and each senseThe switching tube 1115 of light pixel 111 correspondences connects, and control module 17 selects logical block 171 and column selection to patrol for controlling rowCollect the switching tube 1115 of unit 173 with the photosensitive pixel 111 of gating ad-hoc location.
First control module 17 controls photosensitive pixel 111 outputting analog signals of the first row and the second row, wherein colorized optical filtering districtThe analog signal of corresponding photosensitive pixel merges processing module through signal and merges into colored analog signal, and colored analog signal is through modulusConverter 211 is converted to colorful digital signal and deposits register 19 in. Wherein the structure of analog signal and principle refer to figureThe embodiment of 11~12 correspondences. The analog signal of the photosensitive pixel that white filter area is corresponding is directly converted to ash by analog-digital converterDegree data signal also deposits register 19 in.
Image processing module 50 extracts and processes colorful digital signal and gray scale data signal from register 19, to obtain corresponding closingAnd the pixel value of pixel.
By that analogy, until handle four photosensitive pixels of last group of the first row and the second row.
By above processing mode, the output of the photosensitive pixel to the third line and fourth line, fifth line and the 6th row etc. is processed,Until all the output of photosensitive pixel is all finished dealing with.
Refer to Figure 17, in some embodiments, imageing sensor 10 comprises the micro mirror array being arranged on optical filter 1323, each micro mirror 231 is corresponding with a photosensitive pixel 111.
Concrete, each micro mirror 231 is corresponding with a photosensitive pixel 111, comprises size, position correspondence. In some enforcement sideIn formula, each filter unit 1311 corresponding 2*2 photosensitive pixel 111 and 2*2 micro mirror 191. Along with technical development, forObtain the image that resolution ratio is higher, photosensitive pixel on sensitive film 111 is more and more, arrange more and more intensive, single light-sensitive imageElement is 111 also more and more less, and it is affected by light, and sensitization part 1111 areas of photosensitive pixel 111 are limited, micro-Mirror 191 can gather light sensitization part 1111, thus promotion feeling light pixel 111 be subject to luminous intensity to improve image quality.
In some embodiments, the pixel value of merging pixel comprises the color pixel values corresponding with colored analog signal and and gray scaleThe white pixel value that analog signal is corresponding, color pixel values forms the colored image that merges, and white pixel value forms gray scale and merges image.
So, image processing module closes according to the complete colour of color pixel values generation color information corresponding with colored analog signalAnd image, and it is higher to generate brightness according to white pixel value corresponding to gray scale analog signal, the less gray scale of noise merges image.
In some embodiments, image processing module also changes the colored subimage of yuv format into for colour merging image.Image processing module also for the brightness value of colored sub-image pixels is replaced with brightness value that gray scale merges image respective pixel fromAnd obtain merging image.
YUV is the picture format of describing color according to the principle of brightness and aberration, and yuv format comprises many concrete forms,As YUV422, YUV420 etc. In some embodiments, filter unit comprises green, redness, blue filter unit,Image processing module first obtains the coloured image of rgb format according to its corresponding photosensitive pixel output, obtain each image slicesRed brightness value, green brightness value, the blue brightness value of element, use respectively R, G, and B represents, its corresponding yuv formatThe brightness value Y=0.299*R+0.587*G+0.114*B of image pixel.
So, can obtain the colored subimage of yuv format.
Image processing module is used further to the brightness value of colored sub-image pixels to replace with the brightness that gray scale merges image respective pixelThereby value obtains merging image.
Owing to only having replaced the brightness value of colored sub-image pixels, therefore do not damage the integrality of its color information. Due to whiteFilter area has better translucent effect to make the brightness value of photosensitive pixel output higher, and therefore in low-light (level) situation, gray scale merges imageBrightness than colored merging image is higher, and noise is also less. Therefore after replacing brightness, make coloured image luminance raising, signal to noise ratio is carriedRise.
To sum up, adopt the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention, the brightness value of colored sub-image pixels is replaced with to gray scale merging figureBrightness value as respective pixel can keep promoting its brightness, signal to noise ratio and definition on the basis that its color information is complete. AdoptWith embodiment of the present invention photosensitive pixel circuit structure, can generate the colour that signal to noise ratio is high, noise is few and merge image, and, hardOn part, easily realize, and merge compared to software, the speed that it merges photosensitive pixel output.
The present invention also provides a kind of electronic installation of applying imaging device. In some embodiments, electronic installation comprises imaging dressPut. Therefore, electronic installation has camera function and can under low-light (level), generate color complete, and signal to noise ratio is high, and what definition was high closesAnd image.
Electronic installation can be mobile phone.
In some embodiments, imaging device can be the preposition camera of mobile phone. Because preposition camera is used for autodyning, and fromBat General Requirements has requirement to the definition of image and less demanding to image resolution ratio, and the electronic installation of employing present embodiment canMeet this requirement.
Refer to Figure 18, in some embodiments, electronic installation 200 comprises that the central authorities that are connected with imaging device 100 processDevice 81 and external memory 83, central processing unit 81 merges image for controlling external memory 83 storages.
Like this, the merging image of generation can be stored, and conveniently checks, uses or shift later. External memory 83 comprisesSM (SmartMedia) card and CF (CompactFlash) card etc.
Refer to Figure 19, in some embodiments, electronic installation 200 also comprises the centre being connected with imaging device 100Reason device 81 and display unit 85, central processing unit 81 shows merging image for controlling display unit 85. Like this, electronics dressThe image of putting 200 shootings can be shown in display unit and check for user. Display unit comprises light-emitting diode display etc.
To sum up, adopt the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention, there is camera function and can under low-light (level), generate color complete,Signal to noise ratio is high, the merging image that definition is high. Especially, in the time of preposition camera that this electronic installation is mobile phone, can promote low photographBrightness and the definition of the lower auto heterodyne image of degree, reduce noise.
The part of not launching in formation method and electronic installation in embodiment of the present invention, can join the image of above embodimentThe corresponding part of sensor and imaging device, launches no longer in detail at this.
In the description of this description, reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " schematically enforcement sideFormula ", the descriptions of " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means the concrete spy who describes in conjunction with embodiment or exampleLevy, structure, material or feature be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example. In this manual,Schematic statement to above-mentioned term not necessarily refers to identical embodiment or example. And, the specific features of description,Structure, material or feature can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiments or example.
Any process of otherwise describing in flow chart or at this or method are described and can be understood to, represent to comprise oneIndividual or more for realizing module, fragment or the portion of code of executable instruction of step of specific logical function or processPoint, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can be not according to shown or discussSequentially, comprise according to related function by the mode of basic while or by contrary order, carry out function, this should be byEmbodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field understand.
In flow chart, represent or logic and/or the step otherwise described at this, for example, can be considered to forRealize the sequencing list of the executable instruction of logic function, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, forInstruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise that the system of processor or other can be from referring toMake executive system, device or equipment instruction fetch and carry out the system of instruction) use, or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems,Device or equipment and use. With regard to this description, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can comprise, store,Communication, propagation or transmission procedure are for instruction execution system, device or equipment or in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, deviceOr equipment and the device that uses. The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: haveThe electrical connection section (electronic installation) of one or more wirings, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random access memory(RAM), read-only storage (ROM), the erasable read-only storage (EPROM or flash memory) of editing, optical fiber dressPut, and portable optic disk read-only storage (CDROM). In addition, computer-readable medium can be even can be thereonThe paper of print routine or other suitable media, because can, for example by paper or other media are carried out to optical scanner, connectEdit, decipher or process in electronics mode and obtain program with other suitable methods if desired, then by itBe stored in computer storage.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination. Above-mentionedIn embodiment, multiple steps or method can be with being stored in carry out in memory and by suitable instruction execution system softPart or firmware are realized. For example, if realized with hardware, with the same in another embodiment, available this area public affairsAny one in the following technology of knowing or their combination realize: have for data-signal being realized to patrolling of logic functionCollect the discrete logic of gate circuit, there is the special IC of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array(PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that and realize all or part of step that above-described embodiment method is carriedCan carry out the hardware that instruction is relevant by program to complete, program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording mediumIn, this program, in the time carrying out, comprises step of embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, the each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, can be alsoThe independent physics of unit exists, and also can be integrated in a module two or more unit. Above-mentioned integrated mouldPiece both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and also can adopt the form of software function module to realize. If integrated moduleRealize and during as production marketing independently or use, also can be stored in a computer using the form of software function moduleIn read/write memory medium.
The above-mentioned storage medium of mentioning can be read-only storage, disk or CD etc.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentionedEmbodiment changes, amendment, replacement and modification.

Claims (24)

1. a formation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Imageing sensor is provided, and described imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array and is arranged on described photosensitive pixel arrayOptical filter, described optical filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises white filter area and colorized optical filtering district; DescribedWhite filter area and described colorized optical filtering district cover respectively multiple described photosensitive pixels; The described sense that same described filter unit coversLight pixel forms merging pixel;
Read the output of described photosensitive pixel array;
Colored simulation letter is merged in the output of the described photosensitive pixel that the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel is coveredNumber; And
Processing the pixel value that obtains described merging pixel according to described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signal closes to generateAnd image.
2. formation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described processing treatment step further comprises:
By described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signal be separately converted to colorful digital signal and gray scale data signal withObtain the pixel value of described merging pixel.
3. formation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, each described filter unit covers 2*2 described senseLight pixel.
4. formation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described treatment step further comprises:
Gather described colorful digital signal that k described photosensitive pixel capable and that k+1 is capable is corresponding and described gray scale data signal alsoDeposit register in, wherein k=2n-1, n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to total line number of described photosensitive pixel array; And
From described register, extract the output of the capable and described photosensitive pixel that k+1 is capable of described k to obtain described merging pixelPixel value.
5. the formation method as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the pixel value of described merging pixel comprisesThe color pixel values corresponding with described colored analog signal and the white pixel value corresponding with described gray scale analog signal;
Described treatment step further comprises:
Generate colored merging image and generate gray scale according to described white pixel value according to described color pixel values and merge image.
6. formation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described treatment step further comprises:
Described colored merging image is changed into the colored subimage of yuv format; And
Thereby the brightness value that the brightness value of described colored subimage is replaced with to described gray scale merging image obtains described merging image.
7. an imaging device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Imageing sensor, described imageing sensor comprises:
Photosensitive pixel array; And
Be arranged at the optical filter on described photosensitive pixel array;
Described optical filter comprises filter unit array, and each described filter unit comprises white filter area and colorized optical filtering district;
Described white filter area and described colorized optical filtering district cover respectively multiple described photosensitive pixels; Same described filter unit coversThe described photosensitive pixel of lid forms merging pixel;
Described imaging device also comprises the image processing module being connected with described imageing sensor;
Described imageing sensor is defeated for described photosensitive pixel that the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel is coveredGo out to merge into colored analog signal, and gray scale simulation letter is merged in the output of the described photosensitive pixel that described white filter area is coveredNumber; Described image processing module is for the treatment of obtaining described merging picture according to described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signalThe pixel value of element merges image to generate.
8. imaging device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises analog-digital converter array;The all described photosensitive pixel that the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixel covers is connected with an analog-digital converter, and withThe all described photosensitive pixel that merges the described white filter area covering of pixel described in one is connected with an analog-digital converter;
Described analog-digital converter is for being separately converted to colorful digital letter by described colored analog signal and described gray scale analog signalNumber and gray scale data signal to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel.
9. imaging device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises with described photosensitive pixel and connectingThe source follower connecing, described source follower is for being converted to voltage signal with by institute by the charge signal of described photosensitive pixelState analog-digital converter and be converted to described colorful digital signal and described gray scale data signal;
Described source follower is connected with described analog-digital converter.
10. imaging device as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, each described photosensitive pixel and a described source electrode are followedConnect with device.
11. imaging devices as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, the described colorized optical filtering district of same described merging pixelThe described photosensitive pixel covering is connected with a described source follower, and the described white filter area of same described merging pixel coversThe described photosensitive pixel of lid is connected with a described source follower.
12. imaging devices as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described colorized optical filtering district forms Bayer array.
13. imaging devices as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, each described filter unit comprises 2*2 described senseLight pixel.
14. imaging devices as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, the described white of each described merging pixel filtersDistrict and described colorized optical filtering district cover respectively two described photosensitive pixels.
15. imaging devices as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises control module, instituteStating control module exposes line by line for controlling described photosensitive pixel array.
16. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described imageing sensor also comprises register, described inControl module is for gathering successively described colored number corresponding to k described photosensitive pixel capable and that k+1 is capable completing when prior exposureWord signal and described gray scale data signal also deposit described register in, wherein k=2n-1, and n is natural number, k+1 is less than or equal to instituteState total line number of photosensitive pixel array.
17. imaging devices as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises micro mirror array, eachDescribed micro mirror is corresponding with a described photosensitive pixel.
18. imaging devices as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the pixel value of described merging pixel comprises and described coloured silkThe color pixel values that look analog signal is corresponding and the white pixel value corresponding with described gray scale analog signal;
Described image processing module is used for according to described color pixel values generation colored merging image and according to described white pixel valueGenerate gray scale and merge image.
19. imaging devices as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, described image processing module is also for by described coloured silkLook merging image changes the colored subimage of yuv format into.
Described image processing module also merges image pair for the brightness value of described colored sub-image pixels being replaced with to described gray scaleThereby the brightness value of answering pixel obtains described merging image.
20. 1 kinds of electronic installations, is characterized in that, comprise the imaging device as described in claim 16-18 any one.
21. electronic installations as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that, described electronic installation comprises mobile phone.
22. electronic installations as claimed in claim 21, is characterized in that, described imaging device comprises the preposition of described mobile phoneCamera.
23. electronic installations as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that, described electronic installation comprises and described imaging deviceThe central processing unit and the external memory that connect, described central processing unit is used for controlling described external memory and stores described merging image.
24. electronic installations as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that, described electronic installation also comprises and described imaging dressPut central processing unit and the display unit of connection, described central processing unit is used for controlling described display unit and shows described merging figurePicture.
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