CN105591680A - Antenna selection method based on orthogonal space-time block coding in vehicle communication - Google Patents

Antenna selection method based on orthogonal space-time block coding in vehicle communication Download PDF

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CN105591680A
CN105591680A CN201610035061.0A CN201610035061A CN105591680A CN 105591680 A CN105591680 A CN 105591680A CN 201610035061 A CN201610035061 A CN 201610035061A CN 105591680 A CN105591680 A CN 105591680A
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communication
pilot signal
antenna
relay
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CN105591680B (en
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李靖
傅小叶
郑宇�
葛建华
王勇
宫丰奎
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Xidian University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/12Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0802Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
    • H04B7/0805Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
    • H04B7/0808Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching comparing all antennas before reception
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H04B7/15535Control of relay amplifier gain
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种车载通信中基于正交空时分组编码的天线选择方法,主要解决现有天线选择方法复杂度高的问题。其技术方案包括:对两个通信车辆导频信号分别进行正交空时分组编码;计算两个通信车辆的导频信号功率;中继车辆根据两个通信车辆的导频信号功率选择最好的天线;估计两个通信车辆分别到中继车辆最好的天线间的信道增益,得到中继车辆的放大增益;中继车辆所选择的天线将两个通信车辆发来的信息通过放大增益放大后进行转发,完成信息交互。本发明具有不需要估计链路的信道状态信息和计算端到端信噪比,其复杂度低的优点,可用于存在反馈时延和信道估计错误的双向中继车载通信系统。

The invention discloses an antenna selection method based on orthogonal space-time block coding in vehicle communication, which mainly solves the problem of high complexity of the existing antenna selection method. The technical solution includes: performing orthogonal space-time block coding on the pilot signals of two communicating vehicles; calculating the pilot signal power of the two communicating vehicles; and selecting the best pilot signal power of the two communicating vehicles by the relay vehicle. Antenna: Estimate the channel gain between the two communication vehicles and the best antenna of the relay vehicle to obtain the amplification gain of the relay vehicle; the antenna selected by the relay vehicle amplifies the information sent by the two communication vehicles through the amplification gain Forward and complete information exchange. The present invention has the advantages of low complexity without estimating the channel state information of the link and calculating the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio, and can be used in a two-way relay vehicle communication system with feedback time delay and channel estimation error.

Description

车载通信中基于正交空时分组编码的天线选择方法An Antenna Selection Method Based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding in Vehicular Communications

技术领域technical field

本发明属于无线通信技术领域,尤其涉及了一种中继天线选择方法,可用于双向中继的车载通信系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a method for selecting a relay antenna, which can be used in a two-way relay vehicle communication system.

背景技术Background technique

随着无线通信的发展和人们对高品质生活的不断需求,无线通信已经渗入到人们生活的各个角落。为了提高系统容量和无线链路的通信质量,人们引入了多输入多输出MIMO技术。采用合适的编码并结合多天线阵技术形成的空时编码技术STBC可以提高系统的性能。在众多编码中,Tarokh等人提出的正交空时分组编码OSTBC具有发送端不需要知道信道状态信息、接收端可以采用低复杂度的线性最大似然译码方案等特点。SungSikNam等人在文献“Outageperformanceoforthogonalspace–timeblockcodedamplify-and-forwardtwo-wayrelaynetworks”,inCommunications,IET,2015中研究了在点到点AF双向中继通信中,验证了源节点应用正交空时分组编码OSTBC能提高系统的性能。With the development of wireless communication and people's continuous demand for high-quality life, wireless communication has penetrated into every corner of people's life. In order to improve the system capacity and the communication quality of the wireless link, people have introduced the multiple-input multiple-output MIMO technology. The performance of the system can be improved by adopting appropriate coding and combining the space-time coding technology STBC formed by multi-antenna array technology. Among many codes, the Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code OSTBC proposed by Tarokh et al. has the characteristics that the sender does not need to know the channel state information, and the receiver can adopt a low-complexity linear maximum likelihood decoding scheme. SungSikNam et al studied in point-to-point AF two-way relay communication in the literature "Outage performance of forthogonal space–time block code damplify-and-forward two-way relay networks", inCommunications, IET, 2015, and verified that the source node application of orthogonal space-time block code OSTBC can improve system performance.

由于射频链的成本高而天线的成本相对较低,在实际场景中,如果对设备进行天线选择,将通信质量好的天线连接到有限的射频链,既能有效的提高系统的通信性能又能降低开销成本。天线选择技术使MIMO系统硬件结构得以简化,降低了多天线系统的复杂度。针对MIMO双向中继网络,G.Amarasuriya等人提出了最大化两源节点最差的端到端信噪比max-min和最大化两源节点的和速率max-sum的天线选择方法,但这两个方法都需要估计各链路的信道状态信息,增加了系统的复杂度。MingDing等人在2010年提出了一种基于贪婪最小均方误差准则的天线选择方法,该方法的缺点是反馈信息量大,计算复杂度高。M.Eslamifar等人提出了max-max方法,即中继选出两根分别与两源节点间信道增益最好的天线,该方法的缺点是当选出的天线与其中一个源节点间信道增益最好时,不能保证与另一个源节点间信道增益也是最好的,甚至可能是最差的,这样可能会导致系统的性能急剧恶化。Due to the high cost of the radio frequency chain and the relatively low cost of the antenna, in actual scenarios, if the antenna is selected for the device and the antenna with good communication quality is connected to the limited radio frequency chain, it can effectively improve the communication performance of the system and can Reduce overhead costs. The antenna selection technology simplifies the hardware structure of the MIMO system and reduces the complexity of the multi-antenna system. For the MIMO two-way relay network, G.Amarasuriya et al. proposed an antenna selection method that maximizes the worst end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio max-min of the two source nodes and maximizes the sum rate max-sum of the two source nodes, but this Both methods need to estimate the channel state information of each link, which increases the complexity of the system. MingDing et al. proposed an antenna selection method based on the greedy minimum mean square error criterion in 2010. The disadvantage of this method is that the amount of feedback information is large and the calculation complexity is high. M. Eslamifar et al. proposed the max-max method, that is, the relay selects two antennas with the best channel gain between the two source nodes respectively. The disadvantage of this method is that when the channel gain between the selected antenna and one of the source nodes is the best When it is good, it cannot be guaranteed that the channel gain with another source node is also the best, and may even be the worst, which may lead to a sharp deterioration in the performance of the system.

如今,随着车内用户的急剧增加,车载无线通信已经受到极大的关注。在车载无线通信中,为了提高通信质量,车辆之间通常需要借助中继进行通信,中继可分为固定中继和移动中继,固定中继通常为路边基站或热点,移动中继通常为周边车辆。Ata,SerdarOzgur等人在文献“RelayantennaselectionforV2VcommunicationsusingPLNCovercascadedfadingchannels”,IWCMC,IEEE2015中研究了单天线的两辆车,在一辆多天线的中继车辆的辅助下完成信息交互,中继车辆根据传统的信噪比max-min准则选出一根最好的天线放大转发信息,由于该方法需要估计系统中所有链路的信道状态信息,因此增加了系统的复杂度。Nowadays, with the rapid increase of in-vehicle users, in-vehicle wireless communication has received great attention. In vehicular wireless communication, in order to improve communication quality, vehicles usually need to communicate with relays. Relays can be divided into fixed relays and mobile relays. Fixed relays are usually roadside base stations or hot spots, and mobile relays are usually for surrounding vehicles. Ata, SerdarOzgur et al. studied two vehicles with a single antenna in the literature "RelayantennaselectionforV2VcommunicationsusingPLNCovercascadedfadingchannels", IWCMC, IEEE2015, and completed information interaction with the assistance of a multi-antenna relay vehicle. The relay vehicle is based on the traditional signal-to-noise ratio max The -min criterion selects the best antenna to amplify the forwarding information. Since this method needs to estimate the channel state information of all links in the system, it increases the complexity of the system.

目前,针对车载通信中车辆之间通信的研究,主要集中在对多个潜在的中继车辆,选择其中最好的中继车辆进行通信的传输场景,很少有文献将正交空时编码OSTBC技术和多天线选择技术结合起来进行研究。At present, the research on communication between vehicles in vehicular communication mainly focuses on the transmission scenario of selecting the best relay vehicle for communication among multiple potential relay vehicles. There are few literatures that combine OSTBC technology and multi-antenna selection technology combined for research.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对上述已有技术的不足,提出一种车载通信中基于正交空时分组编码的天线选择方法,以避免对信道状态信息CSI的估计,提高双向移动中继车载通信系统的性能。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and propose a method for selecting antennas based on orthogonal space-time block coding in vehicle communication, so as to avoid the estimation of channel state information CSI and improve the performance of the two-way mobile relay vehicle communication system. performance.

为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案包括如下:To achieve the above object, technical solutions of the present invention include as follows:

(1)对第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B的导频信号分别进行正交空时分组编码,得到编码后的导频信号X1和X2(1) Carry out orthogonal space-time block coding to the pilot signals of the first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle B respectively, obtain coded pilot signals X 1 and X 2 ;

(2)计算第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B的导频信号功率PA,k和PB,k(2) calculate the pilot signal power P A of the first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle B, k and P B, k ;

(3)中继车辆R根据两个通信车辆的导频信号功率PA,k和PB,k选择天线,即对所有天线上接收的导频信号功率求最小值,得出备选的导频信号功率集合Φ,该集合Φ中导频信号功率最大的天线,即为选择的最好天线k*(3) The relay vehicle R selects the antenna according to the pilot signal power P A,k and P B,k of the two communication vehicles, that is, finds the minimum value of the pilot signal power received on all antennas, and obtains the alternative pilot signal Frequency signal power set Φ, the antenna with the largest pilot signal power in this set Φ is the best antenna k * selected:

kk ** == argarg mm aa xx kk ∈∈ SS aa nno tt minmin {{ PP AA ,, kk ,, PP BB ,, kk }} ,,

其中k∈[1,L],L为中继车辆R的天线数,Sant为中继车辆R所有可供选择的天线;where k∈[1,L], L is the number of antennas of the relay vehicle R, and S ant is all the optional antennas of the relay vehicle R;

(4)估计第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B分别到中继车辆R的第k*根天线之间的信道增益得到中继车辆R的放大增益G;(4) Estimate the channel gain between the first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle B to the k * th antenna of the relay vehicle R respectively and Obtain the amplification gain G of the relay vehicle R;

(5)中继车辆R通过最好的天线k*将两个通信车辆发来的信息放大G倍后进行转发,完成双向中继传输过程。(5) The relay vehicle R amplifies the information sent by the two communication vehicles by G times through the best antenna k * and then forwards it to complete the two-way relay transmission process.

本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

第一,本发明方法与传统的最优天线选择方法相比,中继车辆只需要根据接收的导频信号功率来进行天线选择,而不必对两个通信车辆和中继车辆之间的信道进行估计。由于典型的信道估计算法通常涉及矩阵伪逆、迭代求均方误差等复杂的数学运算,而计算接收功率只涉及模值平方的平均值运算,因此本发明方法显著降低了中继车辆的计算复杂度。First, compared with the traditional optimal antenna selection method, the relay vehicle only needs to select the antenna according to the power of the received pilot signal, instead of the channel between the two communication vehicles and the relay vehicle. estimate. Since the typical channel estimation algorithm usually involves complex mathematical operations such as matrix pseudo-inverse and iterative mean square error calculation, while the calculation of received power only involves the average value operation of the square of the modulus value, the method of the present invention significantly reduces the computational complexity of the relay vehicle Spend.

第二,本发明方法与传统的最优天线选择方法相比,中继车辆不需要计算端到端信噪比,而传统的最优天线选择方法需要中继车辆根据获取的信道估计值来计算端到端信噪比,由于在实际通信系统中会存在信道估计误差和反馈时延等非理想因素,而计算端到端信噪比时涉及到的乘法和除法运算会放大上述非理想因素的负面影响,导致天线选择错误的机率大大增加,因此本发明方法更适用于实际通信系统。Second, compared with the traditional optimal antenna selection method, the relay vehicle does not need to calculate the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio, while the traditional optimal antenna selection method requires the relay vehicle to calculate End-to-end signal-to-noise ratio, due to non-ideal factors such as channel estimation error and feedback delay in the actual communication system, the multiplication and division operations involved in calculating the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio will amplify the above-mentioned non-ideal factors Negative effects lead to greatly increased probability of wrong antenna selection, so the method of the present invention is more suitable for practical communication systems.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明使用的车载通信系统模型图;Fig. 1 is the vehicle communication system model figure that the present invention uses;

图2是本发明的实现流程图;Fig. 2 is the realization flowchart of the present invention;

图3是使用本发明方法和传统最优方法的系统中断概率对比图。Fig. 3 is a comparison chart of system outage probability using the method of the present invention and the traditional optimal method.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式和效果作进一步描述。The specific implementation and effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

参照图1,本发明采用的双向移动中继车载通信系统,其包括一个中继车辆R和两个通信,即第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B,该第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B配置的天线数分别为M和N,中继车辆R配置的天线数为L,且都在半双工方式下工作。第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B利用中继车辆R进行信息交互,其中,中继R采用的协议是放大转发协议,对中继车辆R选择一根最好的天线进行信息传输。With reference to Fig. 1, the two-way mobile relay vehicular communication system that the present invention adopts, it comprises a relay vehicle R and two communication, namely the first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle B, this first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle The number of antennas configured by communication vehicle B is M and N respectively, and the number of antennas configured by relay vehicle R is L, and both work in half-duplex mode. The first communication vehicle A and the second communication vehicle B use the relay vehicle R to perform information exchange, wherein the protocol adopted by the relay R is an amplification and forwarding protocol, and the best antenna is selected for the relay vehicle R to transmit information.

参照图2,本发明根据图1车载通信系统进行天线选择的步骤如下:With reference to Fig. 2, the step that the present invention carries out antenna selection according to Fig. 1 vehicular communication system is as follows:

步骤1,分别对两个通信车辆的导频信号进行编码。Step 1, respectively encode the pilot signals of the two communicating vehicles.

在常见的编码中,空时网格编码必须用Viterbi译码算法进行译码,其译码复杂度高,并且不适用于高速率信息传输系统;分层空时编码虽然结构简单,但它不提供发射分集增益并且译码需要知道信道状态信息;由于正交空时分组编码不仅具有发送端不需要知道信道状态信息、在接收端可以采用低复杂度的线性最大似然进行译码的特点,而且可以获得与最大比合并接收相同的分集增益,所以本实例采用正交空时分组编码对导频信号进行编码,其步骤为:In common coding, space-time lattice coding must be decoded with Viterbi decoding algorithm, which has high decoding complexity and is not suitable for high-speed information transmission systems; although layered space-time coding has a simple structure, it does not Provides transmit diversity gain and needs to know the channel state information for decoding; because the orthogonal space-time block coding not only has the characteristics that the sending end does not need to know the channel state information, but also can use low-complexity linear maximum likelihood for decoding at the receiving end. Moreover, the same diversity gain as the maximum ratio combined reception can be obtained, so this example adopts orthogonal space-time block coding to encode the pilot signal, and the steps are as follows:

(1a)第一通信车辆A对导频信号x1进行正交空时分组编码,得到编码后的导频信号X1,其中X1∈CM×T,CM×T表示M×T的复矩阵,M为第一通信车辆A的天线数,T为发送的符号周期;(1a) The first communication vehicle A performs orthogonal space-time block coding on the pilot signal x 1 to obtain the coded pilot signal X 1 , where X 1 ∈ C M ×T , C M×T represents M×T Complex matrix, M is the number of antennas of the first communication vehicle A, and T is the symbol period for sending;

(1b)第二通信车辆B对导频信号x2进行正交空时分组编码,得到编码后的导频信号X2,其中X2∈CN×T,CN×T表示N×T的复矩阵,N为第二通信车辆B的天线数。(1b) The second communication vehicle B performs orthogonal space-time block coding on the pilot signal x 2 to obtain the coded pilot signal X 2 , where X 2 ∈ C N ×T , C N×T means N×T A complex matrix, N is the number of antennas of the second communication vehicle B.

步骤2,分别获取两个通信车辆的导频信号功率PA,k和PB,kStep 2, obtain the pilot signal powers P A,k and P B,k of the two communicating vehicles respectively.

(2a)获取第一通信车辆A的导频信号功率PA,k(2a) Obtain the pilot signal power P A,k of the first communication vehicle A:

(2a1)第一通信车辆A在T个符号周期内向中继车辆R发送自己编码后的导频信号X1,中继车辆R的第k根天线接收来自第一通信车辆A的导频信号yA,k,其中T≥2;(2a1) The first communication vehicle A sends its encoded pilot signal X 1 to the relay vehicle R within T symbol periods, and the kth antenna of the relay vehicle R receives the pilot signal y from the first communication vehicle A A,k , where T≥2;

(2a2)将该导频信号yA,k与其共轭转置相乘,得到T个符号周期内的导频信号功率序列;(2a2) Transpose the pilot signal y A,k to its conjugate Multiply to obtain the pilot signal power sequence in T symbol periods;

(2a3)对(2a2)得到的这些序列取平均值,得到第一通信车辆A的导频信号功率PA,k,并将该结果保存,其中k∈[1,L],L为中继车辆R的天线数。(2a3) Take the average value of these sequences obtained in (2a2), obtain the pilot signal power PA ,k of the first communication vehicle A, and save the result, where k∈[1,L], L is the relay The number of antennas of the vehicle R.

(2b)获取第二通信车辆B的导频信号功率PB,k(2b) Obtain the pilot signal power P B,k of the second communication vehicle B:

(2b1)第二通信车辆B在T个符号周期内向中继车辆R发送自己编码后的导频信号X2,中继车辆R的第k根天线接收来自第二通信车辆B的导频信号为yB,k(2b1) The second communication vehicle B sends its encoded pilot signal X 2 to the relay vehicle R within T symbol periods, and the kth antenna of the relay vehicle R receives the pilot signal from the second communication vehicle B as y B,k ;

(2b2)将该导频信号yB,k与其共轭转置相乘,得到T个符号周期内的导频信号功率序列;(2b2) Transpose the pilot signal y B,k with its conjugate Multiply to obtain the pilot signal power sequence in T symbol periods;

(2b3)对(2b2)得到的这些序列取平均值,得到第二通信车辆B的导频信号功率PB,k,并将该结果保存。(2b3) Average the sequences obtained in (2b2) to obtain the pilot signal power P B,k of the second communication vehicle B, and save the result.

步骤3,中继车辆R根据两个通信车辆的导频信号功率PA,k和PB,k选择最好的天线k*Step 3, the relay vehicle R selects the best antenna k * according to the pilot signal powers P A,k and P B,k of the two communicating vehicles.

(4a)中继车辆R对所有天线上接收的导频信号功率求最小值,选出备选的导频信号功率集合Φ;(4a) The relay vehicle R calculates the minimum value of the pilot signal power received on all antennas, and selects an alternative pilot signal power set Φ;

(4b)从备选的集合Φ中选出导频信息功率最大的天线,即为最好的天线k*(4b) Select the antenna with the largest pilot information power from the candidate set Φ, which is the best antenna k * :

kk ** == argarg mm aa xx kk ∈∈ SS aa nno tt minmin {{ PP AA ,, kk RR ,, PP BB ,, kk RR }} ,,

其中Sant为中继车辆R所有可供选择的天线。Among them, S ant is all optional antennas of the relay vehicle R.

步骤4,估计两个通信车辆到中继车辆R第k*根天线之间的信道增益。Step 4. Estimate the channel gain between the two communication vehicles and the k * th antenna of the relay vehicle R.

本步骤的可通过现有的多种方法实现,例如基于参考信号的估计方法,盲估计方法和半盲估计方法等,本实例的中继车辆R采用基于参考信号的估计方法分别估计第一通信车辆A和第二通信车辆B到中继车辆R第k*根天线之间的信道增益其步骤如下:This step can be realized by various existing methods, such as estimation method based on reference signal, blind estimation method and semi-blind estimation method, etc. The relay vehicle R in this example uses the estimation method based on reference signal to estimate the first communication Channel gain between vehicle A and the second communicating vehicle B to the k * th antenna of relay vehicle R and The steps are as follows:

(4a)在第一通信车辆A发送的有用数据中插入已知的导频符号,得到该导频位置处的信道估计结果;(4a) inserting a known pilot symbol into the useful data sent by the first communication vehicle A to obtain a channel estimation result at the pilot position;

(4b)利用导频位置处的信道估计结果,通过内插法得到第一通信车辆A到中继车辆R第k*根天线之间的信道增益 (4b) Using the channel estimation result at the pilot position, the channel gain between the first communication vehicle A and the k * th antenna of the relay vehicle R is obtained by interpolation

(4c)在第二通信车辆B发送的有用数据中插入已知的导频符号,得到该导频位置处的信道估计结果;(4c) inserting a known pilot symbol into the useful data sent by the second communication vehicle B to obtain a channel estimation result at the pilot position;

(4d)利用导频位置处的信道估计结果,通过内插法得到第二通信车辆B到中继车辆R第k*根天线之间的信道增益完成信道估计。(4d) Using the channel estimation result at the pilot position, the channel gain between the second communication vehicle B and the k * th antenna of the relay vehicle R is obtained by interpolation Complete channel estimation.

步骤5,中继车辆R通过最好的天线k*协助完成双向中继传输过程。Step 5, the relay vehicle R assists in completing the two-way relay transmission process through the best antenna k * .

中继车辆R的第k*根天线将两个通信车辆发来的信息放大G倍后转发,完成双向中继传输,放大增益G采用固定增益Ga或可变增益Gf,分别表示为:The k * th antenna of the relay vehicle R amplifies the information sent by the two communication vehicles by G times and then forwards it to complete the two-way relay transmission. The amplification gain G adopts a fixed gain G a or a variable gain G f , which are expressed as:

GG aa == PP tt RR PP tt AA || || Hh AA ,, kk ** || || 22 ++ PP tt BB || || Hh BB ,, kk ** || || 22 ++ NN 00 ,,

GG ff == PP tt RR PP tt AA EE. {{ || || Hh AA ,, kk ** || || 22 }} ++ PP tt BB EE. {{ || || Hh BB ,, kk ** || || 22 }} ++ NN 00 ,,

其中分别为第一通信车辆A、第二通信车辆B和中继车辆R的发送功率,N0为复高斯白噪声的方差,||·||2为矩阵的二范数平方,E{·}表示求均值。in and are the transmission powers of the first communication vehicle A, the second communication vehicle B and the relay vehicle R respectively, N 0 is the variance of complex white Gaussian noise, ||·|| 2 is the two-norm square of the matrix, E{ } Indicates the mean value.

在车载通信系统中,由于车辆速度过快,各链路间的信道会产生实时变化,不宜采用固定增益,所以本实例采用的是可变增益。In the vehicle communication system, because the vehicle speed is too fast, the channel between each link will change in real time, it is not suitable to use fixed gain, so this example uses variable gain.

本发明的效果可通过以下仿真做进一步的说明:Effect of the present invention can be further illustrated by following simulation:

1)仿真条件:1) Simulation conditions:

将两个通信车辆A、B间的距离归一化为1,假设第一通信车辆A与中继车辆R间的距离dA=0.6,则第二通信车辆B与中继车辆R间的距离dB=1-dA=0.4。假设两个通信车辆A、B与中继辆R间的信道增益均服从瑞利分布,路径损耗指数α=3,系统中的高斯白噪声功率N0=1,目标传输速率阈值Rth=1bit/s/Hz,系统的信噪比为SNR,系统的总功率γ=SNR*N0,定义两个通信车辆A、B与中继车辆R的发送功率分别为Pt A=4γ/8、Pt B=2γ/8和Pt R=2γ/8,两个通信车辆A、B与中继车辆R的天线数分别为M=2、N=2和L=3,信道估计错误因子为ρe,ρe=1表示不存在信道估计错误,天线选择时刻与数据传输时刻信道的相关系数为ρd,ρd=1表示不存在反馈时延,分别对{ρed}取{1,1}、{0.99,1}和{0.99,0.95}做了仿真;Normalize the distance between the two communication vehicles A and B to 1, assuming that the distance d A between the first communication vehicle A and the relay vehicle R = 0.6, then the distance between the second communication vehicle B and the relay vehicle R d B =1-d A =0.4. Assume that the channel gains between the two communication vehicles A, B and the relay vehicle R all obey the Rayleigh distribution, the path loss index α=3, the Gaussian white noise power N 0 in the system =1, and the target transmission rate threshold R th =1bit /s/Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is SNR, the total power of the system γ=SNR*N 0 , and the transmission power of two communication vehicles A, B and relay vehicle R is defined as P t A =4γ/8, P t B =2γ/8 and P t R =2γ/8, the number of antennas of two communication vehicles A, B and relay vehicle R are M=2, N=2 and L=3 respectively, and the channel estimation error factor is ρ e , ρ e = 1 means that there is no channel estimation error, the correlation coefficient between the antenna selection time and the data transmission time channel is ρ d , ρ d = 1 means that there is no feedback delay, and respectively take {ρ e , ρ d } {1,1}, {0.99,1} and {0.99,0.95} were simulated;

2)仿真内容与结果:2) Simulation content and results:

在上述仿真条件下,使用本发明方法和传统最优方法,分别对双向中继车载通信系统的中断概率进行仿真比较,结果如图3所示。图3中横坐标为系统的信噪比SNR,单位为dB,纵坐标为系统的中断概率。Under the above simulation conditions, the method of the present invention and the traditional optimal method are used to simulate and compare the outage probability of the two-way relay vehicular communication system, and the results are shown in FIG. 3 . The abscissa in Fig. 3 is the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of the system, the unit is dB, and the ordinate is the outage probability of the system.

由图3可以看出,当不存在反馈时延和信道估计错误时,本发明方法的系统中断概率性能逼近传统最优方法的系统中断概率;当反馈时延和信道估计错误存在时,本发明方法的系统中断概率性能优于传统最优方法的系统中断概率;由图3还可以看出,随着反馈时延和信道估计错误的增加,传统最优方法的系统中断概率和本发明方法的系统中断概率性能的差距也越来越大。As can be seen from Figure 3, when there is no feedback time delay and channel estimation error, the system outage probability performance of the method of the present invention approaches the system outage probability of the traditional optimal method; when feedback time delay and channel estimation error exist, the present invention The system outage probability performance of method is better than the system outage probability of traditional optimal method; Can also find out by Fig. 3, along with the increase of feedback delay and channel estimation error, the system outage probability of traditional optimal method and the method of the present invention The gap in system outage probability performance is also increasing.

Claims (6)

1. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication, comprising:
(1) pilot signal of the first communication vehicle A and second communication vehicle B is carried out respectively to Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code, obtain the pilot signal X after coding1And X2
(2) the pilot signal power P of calculating the first communication vehicle A and second communication vehicle BA,kAnd PB,k
(3) relay vehicle R is according to the pilot signal power P of two communication vehiclesA,kAnd PB,kSelect antenna, the pilot signal power receiving on all antennas is minimized, draw alternative pilot signal power set Φ, antenna corresponding to maximum pilot signal power in this set Φ, is the best antenna k of selection*
Wherein k ∈ [1, L], L is the antenna number of relay vehicle R, SantFor all alternative antennas of relay vehicle R;
(4) estimate that the first communication vehicle A and second communication vehicle B divide the k that is clipped to relay vehicle R*Channel gain between root antennaWithObtain the gain amplifier G of relay vehicle R;
(5) relay vehicle R is by best antenna k*The information that two communication vehicles are sent forwards after amplifying G times, completes bi-directional relaying transmitting procedure.
2. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the pilot signal of the first communication vehicle A and second communication vehicle B is carried out respectively to Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code, step is as follows:
(1a) the first communication vehicle A is by pilot signal x1Carry out Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code, obtain the pilot signal X after coding1, wherein X1∈CM×T,CM×TThe complex matrix that represents M × T, M is the antenna number of the first communication vehicle A, T is the symbol period sending;
(1b) second communication vehicle B is by pilot signal x2Carry out Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code, obtain the pilot signal X after coding2, wherein X2∈CN×T,CN×TThe complex matrix that represents N × T, N is the antenna number of second communication vehicle B.
3. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication according to claim 1, wherein calculates the first communication vehicle A pilot signal power P in step (2)A,k, step is as follows:
(2a) the first communication vehicle A sends the pilot signal X after oneself encoding to relay vehicle R in T symbol period1, the k root antenna reception of relay vehicle R is y from the pilot signal of the first communication vehicle AA,k; By this pilot signal yA,kWith its conjugate transposeMultiply each other, obtain T the pilot signal power sequence in symbol period;
(2b) these sequences that (2a) obtained are averaged and are obtained the pilot signal power P of the first communication vehicle AA,k, and preserve, wherein k ∈ [1, L], L is the antenna number of relay vehicle R.
4. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication according to claim 1, wherein calculates second communication vehicle B pilot signal power P in step (2)B,k, step is as follows:
(2c) second communication vehicle B sends the pilot signal X after oneself encoding to relay vehicle R in T symbol period2, the k root antenna reception of relay vehicle R is y from the pilot signal of second communication vehicle BB,k; By this pilot signal yB,kWith its conjugate transposeMultiply each other, obtain T the pilot signal power sequence in symbol period,
(2d) these sequences that (2c) obtained are averaged and are obtained the pilot signal power P of second communication vehicle BB,k, and preserve, wherein k ∈ [1, L], L is the antenna number of relay vehicle R.
5. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication according to claim 1, wherein estimates in step (4) that the first communication vehicle A and second communication vehicle B are to relay vehicle R k*Channel gain between root antennaWithIts step is as follows:
(4a) in the useful data sending at the first communication vehicle A, insert known frequency pilot sign, obtain the channel estimation results at this pilot frequency symbol position place;
(4b) utilize the channel estimation results at pilot frequency locations place, obtain the first communication vehicle A to relay vehicle R k by interpolation method*Channel gain between root antenna
(4c) in the useful data sending at second communication vehicle B, insert known frequency pilot sign, obtain the channel estimation results at this pilot frequency symbol position place;
(4d) utilize the channel estimation results at pilot frequency locations place, obtain second communication vehicle B to relay vehicle R k by interpolation method*Channel gain between root antennaComplete channel estimating.
6. the antenna selecting method based on Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in vehicle-carrying communication according to claim 1, the wherein gain amplifier G of step (4) relay vehicle R, adopts fixed gain GaOr variable gain Gf, be expressed as:
Wherein Pt A、Pt BAnd Pt RBe respectively the transmitted power of the first communication vehicle A, second communication vehicle B and relay vehicle R, N0For the variance of white complex gaussian noise, || ||2For two norm squared of matrix, E{} represents to average.
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