CN105589205B - The method that the reflected beams diffusion is realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube - Google Patents
The method that the reflected beams diffusion is realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube Download PDFInfo
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- CN105589205B CN105589205B CN201610172393.3A CN201610172393A CN105589205B CN 105589205 B CN105589205 B CN 105589205B CN 201610172393 A CN201610172393 A CN 201610172393A CN 105589205 B CN105589205 B CN 105589205B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0972—Prisms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that utilization concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube realize the reflected beams diffusion, it is therefore an objective to had both improved flare irradiation intensity circumferential uniformity, and processing cost is reduced again.Technical scheme is the clear aperture D for first determining circle cutting standard prism of corner cube and concavees lens；Then processing clear aperture is D circle cutting standard prism of corner cube and concavees lens；Concavees lens and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube are fitted together, concavees lens central shaft is vertical with the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube plane of incidence, circle cutting standard prism of corner cube is reflected light beam, and concavees lens are diffused to light beam, and reflected light forms a solid hot spot at detector.The present invention solves in angle error method that flare irradiation intensity circumference is uneven to cause the problem of intensity of reflected light is dynamic, and only need round a cutting standard corner reflector and concavees lens, it is simple in construction, the number and difficulty of processing of optical element are reduced, processing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field, it is related to a kind of utilization concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube realizes what the reflected beams were expanded
Method.
Background technology
Prism of corner cube, also known as corner reflector or backward corner reflector, are a kind of high-precision optical element, its basic function
It is to realize to return to the former direction of incident beam.Prism of corner cube be widely used in electro-optical distance measurement and photoelectric tracking cooperative target,
The field such as laser communication and optical transform.When laser launch beam Propagation to prism of corner cube when, will by backtracking extremely with
Laser is in the detector of same position, so as to realize electro-optical distance measurement or photoelectric tracking.In some special application scenarios,
Prism of corner cube is fixed on aerial sports platform (such as airborne and Space-borne), and laser and detector are located at ground diverse location
Place, distance between the two is R0, now, the light beam of ground planar laser transmitting is difficult to reflex to spy by aerial standard prism of corner cube
Survey at device.Need to be the solid hot spot that radius is R by the beam spread of aerial servo-actuated prism of corner cube reflection to improve detection probability
(at ground location), only need to meet R ＞ R0, just can ensure that detector can be successfully received the reflected beams.
One standard prism of corner cube contains four faces, wherein containing a plane of incidence and three right-angle surfaces.The plane of incidence is equilateral
Triangle, the length of side is all L, and three summits can be set to A, B, C.Three right-angle surfaces are all isosceles right triangle, and totally one
The right-angle surface of summit O, i.e., three is respectively OAB, OBC, OCA, then a length of L of the hypotenuse of each right-angle surface, and right-angle side is a length of
Then summit O is H apart from incident surface A BC distance0,Generally, for the ease of the installation of prism of corner cube, meeting
Prism of corner cube is carried out to justify cutting, three sides of cutting circle and the prism of corner cube plane of incidence are tangent, then inscribe diameter of a circle (is also known as
Clear aperture) beThe reflective surface area of prism of corner cube is S=π D during light beam normal incidence2/4.For to show difference, by circle
Standard prism of corner cube after cutting is referred to as justifying cutting standard prism of corner cube.
Due to the good characteristic of standard prism of corner cube, the incident light beam of any direction can be returned by former direction, be existed
In the aerial platform of the attitude errors such as pitching, course, rolling, it is difficult to find more preferable optical element substitute.Therefore, have
Person has carried out structure of modification to standard prism of corner cube, realizes the diffusion to the reflected beams.China Engineering Physics Research Institute's (leaf one
East, Peng Yong, the numerical simulation study [J] of the Simulating of Cube Corner Retroreflector such as Chen Tianjiang, Acta Optica, 23 (4), 2003) and national defence section
Skill university ([J] is analyzed to the Zemax of diffraction characteristic after Yang Yuchuan, Luo Hui prism of corner cubes, infrared and laser engineering, 39 (3),
Etc. 2010) unit have studied the transmission characteristic of the reflected beams when prism of corner cube has dihedral angle error, and six are formd at far field
Individual sub- hot spot, due to the diffraction effect of the reflected beams, six sub- hot spots can be connected, form the solid hot spot that radius is R, from
And realize the diffusion to the reflected beams.Realize that the method for the reflected beams diffusion can be referred to as using there is dihedral angle error prism of corner cube
For angle error method.
The basic ideas of angle error method are：Holding standard prism of corner cube incident surface A, the point coordinates of B, C tri- are constant, by summit
O and incident surface A BC distance reduces Δ h to O ', then ∠ AO ' B, ∠ AO ' C, the value of tri- angles of ∠ BO ' C are changed intoThen Δ
H and δ relation is：Pass through optical simulation software (such as U.S.'s optical simulation software
Zemax) it can obtain, when using angle error for δ prism of corner cube, the reflected beams will be decomposed into six sub- hot spots, due to reflection
The diffraction effect of light beam, six sub- hot spots can be connected, form solid hot spot of the divergence half-angle for θ, so as to realize to reflection
The diffusion of light beam；But circumferentially there is irradiation intensity difference in flare, the intensity of reflected light that detector may be caused to receive
It is dynamic.When prism of corner cube is changed using BK7 materials, and δ small ranges, 0.013 × δ of θ ≈.Prism of corner cube containing angle error
For non-standard prism of corner cube.
Because the hot spot that angle error method is formed in far field circumferentially has the difference in intensity, detector may be caused
The intensity of reflected light of reception is dynamic, is unfavorable for realizing the closed loop locking tracking to moving air target, easily goes out active
The situation of target.For improve far-field spot circumferential uniformity (circumferential uniformity refers to minimum power density and maximum work on circumference
The ratio of rate density, when substantially uniformity, the ratio, can be by prism of corner cube carry out group of N number of identical with angle error for 1)
Battle array, the plane of incidence of each prism of corner cube is in the same plane.Group formation formula can be circular or other irregular components
Shape, but in group battle array, on the basis of wherein any one prism of corner cube, it is 1 to be numbered, and other prism of corner cubes are with the plane of incidence
Normal is the axle anglec of rotationWherein n in addition to benchmark prism 1 other prism of corner cubes numbering, n=2,
3……N).6N beamlet can be then obtained at far field, to be spacedly distributed.6N beamlet can form circle because of diffraction effect
All more uniform solid hot spots, but circumferential uniformity, still less than 1, divergence half-angle is θ.
Using the micro-prism array containing angle error, prism of corner cube number depends primarily on the size and detector of detector
Apart from the distance of prism of corner cube, detector is smaller, and prism of corner cube number is more；Detector distance prism of corner cube is more remote, pyramid rib
Mirror number is more.Therefore, the method that the reflected beams diffusion is realized using the micro-prism array containing angle error, it is multiple with structure
It is miscellaneous, the characteristics of assembly difficulty coefficient is larger.Realize that the processing cost of reflection diffusion is general higher using this method.How to improve remote
Field hot spot circumferential uniformity and effectively reduction processing cost are the technical problems that those skilled in the art extremely pay close attention to.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for the method for cube-corner array containing angle error is complicated, high processing costs
Problem, it is different from eye point and on the characteristic of plane of incidence central point using standard prism of corner cube light incidence point, propose
The method that a kind of utilization concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube realize the reflected beams diffusion, had both improved flare irradiation intensity circumference
Uniformity, and effectively reduce processing cost.
The present invention realizes that the step of the reflected beams spread is divided into four steps：
The first step, the clear aperture of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube and concavees lens is determined by reflective surface area.Circle cutting standard
The clear aperture of prism of corner cubeS is reflective surface area, and S is desired value, is directly given by user.It is recessed in order to conformal
The clear aperture of lens is equal with the clear aperture D of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube.
Second step, the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube that processing clear aperture is D.Due to adding for circle cutting standard prism of corner cube
Work and detection method are ripe, and the cost of customization processing circle cutting standard prism of corner cube is much lower compared with prism of corner cube containing angle error.
3rd step, according to the divergence half-angle θ (θ values are design object value, are directly given by user) of the reflected beams, design adds
Work clear aperture is that D, thickness are d, radius of curvature respectively Rc1And Rc2Concavees lens.Thickness d is the thickness of concavees lens center
Degree, it does not interfere with the reflected beams divergence half-angle in the present invention, and no particular/special requirement only need to ensure mechanical strength；Curvature
Radius Rc1And Rc2The respectively radius of two curved surfaces of concavees lens.Concavees lens are rotationally symmetrical on central shaft OO ' circumference.This is recessed
Lens have the effect expanded to directional light, and the present invention depends on the curvature of concavees lens to the divergence half-angle θ of the reflected beams
Radius Rc1And Rc2.When radius of curvature increase, the divergence half-angle of the reflected beams reduces.In specific design, it is possible to use optics is imitated
True software (such as U.S. optical simulation software Zemax) carries out board design, obtains the reflected beams divergence half-angle θ and concavees lens curvature
Radius Rc1And Rc2Definite relation.In optical simulation software primary condition, R can be setc1=Rc2=dsTan θ, wherein dsFor
The distance of the reflected beams far-field spot and concavees lens.By optical simulation software, the divergence half-angle θ for obtaining the reflected beams is calculated1,
If θ1<Desired value θ, then increase Rc1Or Rc2；If θ1>Desired value θ, then reduce Rc1Or Rc2, until θ1=desired value θ, completes optimization
Design., can be by a song of concavees lens in the incident application occasion of curved surface and outgoing curved surface without specific demand of concavees lens
Rate radius (Rc2, can also be Rc1) infinity is designed as, make the design load etc. of the reflected beams by adjusting another radius of curvature
In desired value θ.
4th step, concavees lens and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube are fitted together.The symmetry axis of concavees lens is cut by circle
Cut the central point of the standard pyramid plane of incidence, i.e. concavees lens central shaft vertical with the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube plane of incidence.Concavees lens
It is d close to the center of surface point of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube side and the distance of the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube plane of incidence0, RcFor the radius of curvature of the close circle cutting standard prism of corner cube one side of concavees lens：Radius of curvature is
Rc1One side close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube when, Rc=Rc1；When radius of curvature is Rc2One side close to circle cutting standard angle
During cone prism, Rc=Rc2.If it is desired to which device is compact after assembling, it can setNow concavees lens edge with
The plane of incidence laminating of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube.Work as RcDuring for infinity, the curved surface close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube side
It is changed into plane, now d0Desirable 0, i.e. concavees lens are fitted completely with the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube plane of incidence.Incident ray passes through
Enter circle cutting standard prism of corner cube after concavees lens, the reflected beams enter back into concavees lens after circle cutting standard prism of corner cube outgoing
Outgoing afterwards.
After concavees lens and round cutting standard prism of corner cube assembling, circle cutting standard prism of corner cube is responsible for carrying out anti-light beam
Penetrate, concavees lens are responsible for being diffused light beam, reflected light is R (R=d in one radius of far field (at detector) formations·tan
θ, wherein dsBe the distance of detector and concavees lens for far field) solid hot spot, rather than image angle error approach is the same, as long as will
Detector is placed on the circumference any position that distance lasers are less than or equal to R, can detect reflected light, therefore can improve remote
The detection probability of detector at.In addition, relative angle error approach of the present invention has two remarkable advantages：One be the present invention in far field
The strict circumference of flare it is rotationally symmetrical, flare irradiation intensity circumference is solved in angle error method well uneven
It is even, cause detector to receive the problem of intensity of reflected light is dynamic；Two be that the present invention only needs a round cutting standard corner reflection
Device and concavees lens, it is simple in construction, the number and difficulty of processing of optical element had both been reduced, supporting optical component is also accordingly simplified
Complicated in mechanical structure degree and processing cost.Therefore, the present invention is compared with the side that the reflected beams known to angle error method etc. spread
Method has obvious technical advantage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the plane of incidence is front view for circular standard prism of corner cube (the standard prism of corner cube of circle cutting) Fig. 2 (a)；
Fig. 2 (b) is isometric views；Fig. 2 (c) is top view；Fig. 2 (d) is right view；
Fig. 3 is concavees lens schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube assembling figure：Fig. 4 (a) is 3 dimensional drawing；Fig. 4 (b) is F-F profiles.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is overview flow chart of the present invention.Contain four steps altogether：The first step, it is determined that justifying cutting standard prism of corner cube and recessed
The clear aperture of mirror；Second step, the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube that processing clear aperture is D；3rd step, design processing light admission port
Footpath is that D, thickness are d, radius of curvature respectively Rc1And Rc2Concavees lens；4th step, by concavees lens and circle cutting standard pyramid rib
Microscope group is fitted together.
Fig. 2 is the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube structure chart that processing clear aperture is D in second step, and its plane of incidence is diameter
It is circular for D.Fig. 2 (a) is the front view of round cutting standard prism of corner cube；Fig. 2 (b) is that round the isometric of cutting standard prism of corner cube regards
Figure；Fig. 2 (c) is the top view of round cutting standard prism of corner cube；Fig. 2 (d) is the right view of round cutting standard prism of corner cube.
Fig. 3 is that design processing clear aperture is that D, thickness are d, radius of curvature respectively R in the 3rd stepc1And Rc2It is recessed
Mirror.Thickness d is the thickness of concavees lens center, and it does not interfere with the reflected beams divergence half-angle in the present invention, no particular/special requirement,
Mechanical strength only need to be ensured；Radius of curvature Rc1And Rc2The respectively radius of two curved surfaces of concavees lens.Concavees lens are on wherein
Heart axle OO ' circumference is rotationally symmetrical.The concavees lens have the effect expanded to directional light, diffusion of the present invention to the reflected beams
Half angle θ depends on the radius of curvature R of concavees lensc1And Rc2.When radius of curvature increase, the divergence half-angle of the reflected beams reduces.In tool
In body design, it is possible to use optical simulation software (such as U.S. optical simulation software Zemax) carries out board design, obtains reflected light
Beam divergence half-angle θ and concavees lens radius of curvature Rc1And Rc2Definite relation.In simulation softward primary condition, R can be setc1=
Rc2=dsTan θ, wherein dsFor the distance of the reflected beams far-field spot and concavees lens.By simulation softward, it can calculate and obtain anti-
The divergence half-angle θ of irradiating light beam1If, θ1<Desired value θ, then increase Rc1Or Rc2；If θ1>Desired value θ, then reduce Rc1Or Rc2, until θ1
=desired value θ, completes optimization design., can in the incident application occasion of curved surface and outgoing curved surface without specific demand of concavees lens
With by a radius of curvature (R of concavees lensc2, can also be Rc1) infinity is designed as, made by adjusting another radius of curvature
The design load of the reflected beams is equal to target divergence half-angle θ.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram assembled to concavees lens 2 and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1 in the 4th step.Fig. 4 (a) is
Schematic perspective view after assembling；Fig. 4 (b) is the profile after assembling.The symmetry axis of concavees lens 2 is by circle cutting standard pyramid rib
The central point of the plane of incidence of mirror 1, the i.e. central shaft of concavees lens 2 are vertical with circle cutting standard 1 plane of incidence of prism of corner cube.Concavees lens 2 are close
The distance of the center of surface point of the side of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1 and the plane of incidence of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1 is d0,Wherein RcFor close to the concavees lens curved surface of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube plane of incidence side：Work as curvature
Radius is Rc1One side close to standard prism of corner cube 1 when, RC=RC1；When radius of curvature is Rc2One side close to circle cutting standard
During prism of corner cube 1, RC=Rc2.If it is desired to after assembling device compactedness, can setIt is now recessed
Fitted with the circle plane of incidence of cutting standard prism of corner cube 1 at the edge of mirror 2.Work as RcDuring for infinity, close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1
The curved surface of side is changed into plane, now d0Desirable 0, i.e. concavees lens 2 are fitted completely with the circle plane of incidence of cutting standard prism of corner cube 1.
Incident ray enters circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1 after concavees lens 2, and the reflected beams go out from circle cutting standard prism of corner cube 1
Outgoing after concavees lens 2 is entered back into after penetrating.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that utilization concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube realize the reflected beams diffusion, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
The first step, the reflective surface area S provided by user determines the light admission port of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) and concavees lens (2)
Footpath：The clear aperture of circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1)The clear aperture of concavees lens (2) and circle cutting standard
The clear aperture D of prism of corner cube (1) is equal；
Second step, the circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) that processing clear aperture is D；
3rd step, is the design object value that user provides according to the divergence half-angle θ of the reflected beams, design processing clear aperture be D,
Concavees lens (2) center thickness is d, radius of curvature is respectively Rc1And Rc2Concavees lens (2), Rc1And Rc2Respectively concavees lens (2)
The radius of two curved surfaces, concavees lens (2) are rotationally symmetrical on central shaft OO ' circumference；
4th step, concavees lens (2) and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) are fitted together：The symmetry axis of concavees lens (2) passes through
The central point of the circle cutting standard pyramid plane of incidence, i.e. concavees lens (2) central shaft hang down with circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) plane of incidence
Directly；Center of surface point and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) of the concavees lens (2) close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) side
The distance of the plane of incidence is d0,RcIt is the close circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) one of concavees lens (2)
The radius of curvature in face；Radius of curvature is Rc1One side close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) when, Rc=Rc1, work as radius of curvature
For Rc2One side close to circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) when, Rc=Rc2；Incident ray is cut after concavees lens (2) into circle
Standard prism of corner cube (1) is cut, the reflected beams enter back into concavees lens (2) outgoing afterwards after circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) outgoing；
Circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) is responsible for reflecting light beam, and concavees lens (2) are responsible for being diffused light beam, and reflected light exists
Far field is that the solid hot spot that a radius is R, R=d are formed at detectorsTan θ, wherein dsIt is detector and recessed for far field
The distance of mirror (2).
2. the method for the reflected beams diffusion, its feature are realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube as claimed in claim 1
When being the 3rd step design processing concavees lens (2), board design is carried out using optical simulation software, the reflected beams diffusion half is obtained
Angle θ and concavees lens (2) radius of curvature Rc1And Rc2Definite relation.
3. the method for the reflected beams diffusion, its feature are realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube as claimed in claim 2
It is that the optical simulation software uses U.S. optical simulation software Zemax.
4. the method for the reflected beams diffusion, its feature are realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube as claimed in claim 2
It is in optical simulation software primary condition, if Rc1=Rc2=dsTan θ, dsFor the reflected beams far-field spot and concavees lens
(2) distance, the divergence half-angle θ for obtaining the reflected beams is calculated by optical simulation software1If, θ1<Desired value θ, then increase Rc1
Or Rc2；If θ1>Desired value θ, then reduce Rc1Or Rc2, until θ1=desired value θ.
5. the method for the reflected beams diffusion, its feature are realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube as claimed in claim 4
It is to the incident application occasion of curved surface and outgoing curved surface without specific demand of concavees lens (2), by a curvature of concavees lens (2)
Radial design is infinity, the design load of the reflected beams is equal to desired value θ by adjusting another radius of curvature.
6. the method for the reflected beams diffusion, its feature are realized using concavees lens and standard prism of corner cube as claimed in claim 1
When being that the 4th step assembles concavees lens (2) and circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1),It is now recessed
Lens (2) edge is fitted with circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1) plane of incidence, works as RcDuring for infinity, close to circle cutting standard angle
The curved surface of cone prism (1) side is changed into plane, now d0Take 0, i.e. concavees lens (2) incident with circle cutting standard prism of corner cube (1)
Fit completely in face.
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| CN103335819B (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2015-08-05 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of apparatus and method for the optical detection of high precision prism of corner cube |
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