CN105589201A - Light-small large-view-field near-to-eye display optical system - Google Patents
Light-small large-view-field near-to-eye display optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105589201A CN105589201A CN201610072480.1A CN201610072480A CN105589201A CN 105589201 A CN105589201 A CN 105589201A CN 201610072480 A CN201610072480 A CN 201610072480A CN 105589201 A CN105589201 A CN 105589201A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
Abstract
The invention provides a light-small large-view-field near-to-eye display optical system which is a single-eye visual optical system and comprises a spherical surface display screen, a spherical surface reflection mirror and an exit pupil surface. From an object side to a human eye side, the spherical surface display screen, the spherical surface reflection mirror and the exit pupil surface are coaxially arranged in sequence. The spherical surface display screen is a convex spherical surface with a curvature radius r; the spherical surface reflection mirror is a concave spherical surface with a curvature radius 2r; and sphere centers of the spherical surface display screen and the spherical surface reflection mirror are superposed, wherein r meets the condition that 15 mm<=r<=75 mm. The system is capable of realizing an idea combination of a plurality of requirements: a large view field, good image quality, a small size, a light weight and low cost, and the system is liable to meet an environment perspective demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nearly eye of a kind of light and small-sized big angular field display optical system, belong to Optical System Design technical field, specifically shouldBe used for wearing display device category.
Background technology
Wearing in display device (HMD), a nearly eye display optical system is core component. Due to various factors mutuallyRestriction, current system still cannot meet for visual field large (30 degree left and right or more than), picture element is good, volume is little, lightweight,The desired combination of low these several the factors of cost, some needs the system of environment perspective (see-through) (as augmented realityAR) further improved especially the difficulty of system. Existing system or visual field are little, or visual field greatly but too too fat to moveHeavy, head is born large, or relates to the complicated optics such as fiber waveguide, diffraction grating, and processing and manufacturing cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the nearly eye of a kind of light and small-sized big angular field display optical system, can realize that visual field is large, picture element good, volume is little, heavyAmount is light, the desired combination of low these several the demands of cost, and is easy to realize the system that has environment perspective demand.
Technical scheme is as follows: the nearly eye of this light and small-sized big angular field display optical system is monocular visual optical system, comprises sphere and showsScreen, spherical reflector and emergent pupil face; By thing side, to human eye side, described spherical surface display screen, spherical reflector, emergent pupil face are along optical axisDirection is coaxial to be arranged in order; Described spherical surface display screen is protruding sphere, and its radius of curvature is r; Described spherical reflector is concave spherical surface,Its radius of curvature is 2r; In the basic optical system of equal value of this optical system, the centre of sphere of described spherical surface display screen and described ballThe centre of sphere of face speculum overlaps; Wherein, r satisfies condition: 15mm≤r≤75mm. Due to what use in near-eye display systemMicro-display size is little, picture element density is high, and human eye is difficult to direct observation, and this technical scheme is by showing the sphere of micro-displayScreen is placed in the light focal plane place (1/2 radius) of a spherical reflector, makes light that on described spherical surface display screen, pixel sends through instituteState after becoming collimated light after spherical reflector reflection and arrive emergent pupil face, thereby human eye is seen be positioned at the amplification in a distant place at emergent pupil placeImage. By the further constraint of parameter r, can meet the desired combination of large visual field, light little and good picture element. (need explanation: in literary composition, " being arranged in order " the light path order referring to along on optical axis along optical axis direction is coaxial and arranging, is not on physical locationOrder is arranged; In addition, owing to can insert several light path turning mirrors in the most basic optical system of the present invention, except optical systemAnd outside light path transferred, the fundamental characteristics such as its visual field, picture element and former basic optical system are of equal value, but light path turning mirror pairThe turnover of optical system may make the point overlapping in some former basic optical systems geographically no longer overlap, thereby introducesThe concept of " basic optical system of equal value " is expressed certain optical system and is omitted the optical system after equivalence transformation after all light path turning mirrorsSystem. )
Owing to wearing the particularity of display device, when equipment is worn on after head, except the rotation of human eye, human eye and optical systemRelative position keep fixing, thereby by the design of exit pupil position, can make us eye and in design visual field, obtain best imaging effectReally.
Preferably, described optical system device is in helmet, and in the time wearing use, human eye pupil is in the equivalence of this optical systemIn basic optical system, be positioned at described coincidence centre of sphere place. Now described emergent pupil face is sitting at described coincidence centre of sphere place, whole optical systemSystem has the rotational symmetry centered by the described coincidence centre of sphere, except described emergent pupil face has a relative tilt angle, and described sphereOn off-axis image vegetarian refreshments on display screen and axle, the imaging optical path of pixel is basic identical, thereby has equal good picture element level.
Or described optical system device is in helmet, when wearing while using, people's eyeball centre of sphere this optical system etc.In valency basic optical system, overlap with the described centre of sphere that overlaps. Now due to described spherical surface display screen, spherical reflector and human eye eyeballThree is concentric, and in the time that Rotation of eyeball is checked towards other directions, the image quality of its optic centre remains unchanged, and is always along optical axisThe image quality of pixel on axle when direction is checked.
Generally speaking, described emergent pupil face approaches described coincidence centre of sphere place, its rotational symmetry centered by the described coincidence centre of sphereAct on greatlyr, off-axis aberration is less, more can meet the needs of large visual field design. Therefore, this system is easy to design the full angle of visual field and exists30 degree left and right or above systems.
Preferably, the image slices vegetarian refreshments on described spherical surface display screen is evenly distributed on this sphere. This scheme can realize each to evenlySphere visual pattern.
Or, the plane picture that the image source of described spherical surface display screen is uniform sampling, the image slices on described spherical surface display screenVegetarian refreshments barycenter is evenly distributed at tomographic projection sample mode with described image source in this plane of reference planes, wherein: referenceThe plane that plane is is also d apart from described spherical surface display screen centre of sphere distance perpendicular to optical axis, at optical axis forward, certain point is flat in referenceThe tomographic projection of face is the intersection point of this point and described spherical surface display screen centre of sphere line extended line and reference planes. This scheme is by accurateLocate the position of the image slices vegetarian refreshments on described spherical surface display screen, it is produced contrary with this optical system distortion with respect to image sourceBarrel distortion, to offset original distortion, finally human eye is presented to the plane visual image distorting with respect to image source zero.
On this basis, preferably, described image source is the planar rectangular image of congruent rectangular mesh sampling, and sample is in entirelyAt rectangle summit place, described image slices vegetarian refreshments barycenter is 2d*tan α at the horizontal spacing of the tomographic projection of described reference planes/ (w-1), longitudinal pitch is 2d*tan β/(h-1), wherein: α, β are respectively the horizontal stroke of described Optical System Design visual fieldTo angle of half field-of view and longitudinal angle of half field-of view, w, h are respectively the wide and high of described image source resolution ratio. The effect of this scheme is:To presenting the planar rectangular image of zero distortion on human eye vision, as watching a super plane rectangular screen in a distant place.
Preferably, the size of described image slices vegetarian refreshments and this pixel barycenter are at the described sphere of tomographic projection distance of described reference planesThe distance of the display screen centre of sphere is inversely proportional to. This scheme is distinguished each pixel visual angle size visually to some extent, Reality simulationPlane visual image effect.
Preferably, for realizing accurate pixel position distribution, the pixel on described spherical surface display screen passes through precise processing technologyBe prepared, the technology of realization can adopt the one in OLED, LCD, LCos or DMD.
Preferably, described spherical surface display screen is transparent screen, the light that the light intensity that its convex surface one side is sent is sent in concave surface one side. Pass throughSpherical surface display screen is embodied as to transparent screen, and the light reflecting from spherical reflector can see through spherical surface display screen, thereby enters human eye.In addition, the light that concave surface one side is sent is because nearly eye cannot imaging on retina, but still can produce certain interference, is somebody's turn to do by inhibitionThe light that side is sent can effectively be lowered into picture and disturb.
Preferably, between described spherical surface display screen and described spherical reflector, between described spherical reflector and described emergent pupil face alsoInsert several light path turning mirrors described optical system is carried out to light path turnover, wherein: light path turning mirror is plane mirror or flatFace half-reflecting half mirror (half-reflection and half-transmission finger sub reflector, Journalistic not necessarily respectively account for 50%). These light path turning mirrorsMain Function is turnover (folding) light path, makes system bulk less, and adapts to the structure of specific products; In addition, if do not hadLight path turning mirror, spherical surface display screen must be embodied as transparent display screen, between spherical surface display screen and spherical reflector, adds oneIndividual plane half-reflecting half mirror, can avoid above-mentioned this necessity, reduces manufacture difficulty and cost. And at spherical reflector and going outBetween pupil face, add plane half-reflecting half mirror, can realize easily can environment the system of perspective. (have benefited from larger the going out of this systemInterpupillary distance from. )
In addition, combine two groups of these optical systems, adopt in same image source, different images source or same image source differentPart, can realize Binocular displays system.
All preferred versions above, unless have clearly the prerequisite preferred version relying on, otherwise all can be used as independent preferred version withOther preferred versions combine.
In sum, technical scheme of the present invention can realize visual field large (30 degree left and right or more than), picture element good (no color differnece, one-tenthPicture clear, zero distortion), volume little (without large and thick lens, all optical elements all can be embodied as the element of sheet type),Lightweight (element is thin, and can be embodied as the light material such as optical resin, plastics), cost are low, and (all optical elements are all easyIn processing, can further reduce costs in conjunction with techniques such as injection mouldings) desired combination of these several demands, and be easy to realize and have perspective to needThe system of asking.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention, is also basic optical system pie graph of the present invention simultaneously;
Fig. 2 is the point range figure of first embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 3 is the modulation transfer function figure of first embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 4 is the point range figure of second embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 5 is the modulation transfer function figure of second embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 6 is the point range figure of third embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 7 is the modulation transfer function figure of third embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 8 is the point range figure of fourth embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Fig. 9 is the modulation transfer function figure of fourth embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Figure 10 is the curvature of field/distortion curve figure of first embodiment of the invention modeling in zemax;
Figure 11 is the schematic perspective view of the arrayed feature scheme one of spherical surface display screen epigraph pixel in fifth embodiment of the invention(subpoint is congruent rectangle summit);
Figure 12 is the schematic perspective view of the arrayed feature scheme two of spherical surface display screen epigraph pixel in fifth embodiment of the invention(subpoint is equilateral triangle summit);
Figure 13 is the schematic perspective view of the arrayed feature scheme three of spherical surface display screen epigraph pixel in fifth embodiment of the invention(subpoint is regular hexagon summit);
Figure 14 is the specific embodiments of fifth embodiment of the invention given resolution histogram image source on Figure 11 scheme basisSchematic perspective view;
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of sixth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of seventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of eighth embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals
1: spherical surface display screen
2: spherical reflector
3: emergent pupil face
4: the coincidence centre of sphere of spherical surface display screen and spherical reflector in basic optical system of equal value
5: human eye
6: optical axis
7: plane half-reflecting half mirror ()
8: plane half-reflecting half mirror (two)
101: the centre of sphere of spherical surface display screen
102: reference planes
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
The first embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the nearly eye of the light and small-sized big angular field of the first embodiment display optical system is monocular visual optical system,Comprise spherical surface display screen 1, spherical reflector 2 and emergent pupil face 3; By thing side to human eye side, spherical surface display screen 1, spheric reflectionMirror 2, emergent pupil face 3 are along coaxial being arranged in order of optical axis 6 directions; Spherical surface display screen 1 is protruding sphere, and its radius of curvature is r; BallFace speculum 2 is concave spherical surface, and its radius of curvature is 2r; Spherical surface display screen 1 overlaps with the centre of sphere 4 of spherical reflector 2; Go outPupil face 3 is positioned at the coincidence centre of sphere 4 places (corresponding human eye pupil is positioned at coincidence centre of sphere place).
Be embodied as: r=50mm, exit pupil diameter is looser 10mm. Spherical surface display screen 1 be embodied as transparent screen (asOLED transparent display screen), spherical reflector 2 is the sphere substrate that a side is coated with reflectance coating.
Concrete optical system parameter is as follows: (unit: millimeter)
| Surface sequence number | Surface type | Radius of curvature | Thickness | Material | Half bore |
| 1 (object plane) | Sphere | -50.000 | 50.000 | 15.240 | |
| 2 | Sphere | -100.000 | -100.000 | Minute surface | 34.991 |
| 3 (diaphragms) | Plane | Infinitely great | 0.000 | 5.000 | |
| 4 (image planes) | Plane | Infinitely great | 5.000 |
Wherein, sequence number 1 surface is spherical surface display screen 1, and sequence number 2 surfaces are spherical reflector 2, and sequence number 3 surfaces are emergent pupil face3。
Modeling in zemax software, system is set to without burnt image space pattern, and aperture type is to float with diaphragm, visual field classType is object height (millimeter), and visual field parameter is: (0,0), (0,10.78), (0,15.24), wavelength is set to 0.4861Micron, 0.5876 micron, 0.6563 micron. Taking the design angle of visual field of this parameter-definition as 35.5 degree, system overall length is100 millimeters.
Its point range figure as shown in Figure 2, is respectively visual field (0,0), (0,10.78), point corresponding to (0,15.24)Row figure, unit is milliradian. Below statistics is visible: the RMS radius of visual field 1 is 0.078 milliradian, GEO radiusIt is 0.126 milliradian; The RMS radius of visual field 2 is 0.076 milliradian, and GEO radius is 0.129 milliradian; Visual field3 RMS radius is 0.074 milliradian, and GEO radius is 0.132 milliradian, the image quality phase of visible three visual fieldsWhen. Because the visual angle resolution ratio of human eye is about 1 point (being equivalent to 0.291 milliradian), visible imaging has good clearDegree.
As shown in Figure 3, its transverse axis is angle spatial frequency to its modulation transfer function, unit be line right/milliradian, the longitudinal axis for passDelivery function value, in figure, the function curve of visible three visual fields is very approaching, and the picture element that becomes of off-axis image vegetarian refreshments and pixel on axle is describedAmount is on close level; In the time that ordinate is 0.03 (the human eye limit of resolution), abscissa be 15.81 lines right/milliradian (quiteIn approximately 276 lines right/degree); In the time that ordinate is 0.5, abscissa be 5.04 lines right/milliradian (is equivalent to approximately 88 lines pair/ degree). Taking human eye visual angle resolution ratio as 1 point of calculating, when abscissa be 30 lines right/degree (be equivalent to 1.72 lines right/milli arcDegree) time, modulating transfer function value is about 0.82, and as can be seen here, system has good picture element level.
In addition, in zemax software, can be optimized it, after optimizing, sequence number 2 surface curvature radiuses are still sequence number substantially2 times of 1 surface, its centre of sphere still overlaps substantially with the centre of sphere on sequence number 1 surface, and sequence number 3 surfaces are positioned at above-mentioned centre of sphere place substantially,Except part index number is optimized to some extent, suitable with master mould generally. Therefore also belong to protection domain of the present invention.
The second embodiment:
The second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, is positioned at before the coincidence centre of sphere 4 emergent pupil face 3, make spherical surface display screen 1,Spherical reflector 2 and human eye 5 eyeball threes are concentric. Human eye eyeball radius is about 10 millimeters, is embodied as emergent pupil face 3Be placed in the front 10 millimeters of places of the coincidence centre of sphere 4.
Concrete optical system parameter is as follows: (unit: millimeter)
| Surface sequence number | Surface type | Radius of curvature | Thickness | Material | Half bore |
| 1 (object plane) | Sphere | -50.000 | 50.000 | 15.240 | |
| 2 | Sphere | -100.000 | -90.000 | Minute surface | 32.108 |
| 3 (diaphragms) | Plane | Infinitely great | 0.000 | 5.000 | |
| 4 (image planes) | Plane | Infinitely great | 5.000 |
In zemax software, system, visual field and wavelength arrange with the first embodiment, taking the design angle of visual field of this parameter-definition as35.5 degree, system overall length is 90 millimeters.
As shown in Figure 4, the RMS radius of three visual fields is respectively 0.078 milliradian, 0.136 milliradian to its point range figureWith 0.180 milliradian, far below human eye visual angle resolution ratio (0.291 milliradian), image quality is good.
As shown in Figure 5, the picture element level of visual field, center is suitable with the first embodiment, with the increasing of visual field for its modulation transfer functionLarge picture element level declines to some extent. When abscissa be 30 lines right/when degree (be equivalent to 1.72 lines right/milliradian), maximum field of viewMinimum MTF be 0.54. As can be seen here, system has good picture element level.
The 3rd embodiment:
The 3rd embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, makes r value be decreased to 15mm, to reduce to greatest extent system length (bodyLong-pending). Due to the increase of relative aperture, in order to obtain desirable picture element, constraint exit pupil diameter is that 4mm (is applicable to the brightness such as daytimeHigher environment).
Concrete optical system parameter is as follows: (unit: millimeter)
| Surface sequence number | Surface type | Radius of curvature | Thickness | Material | Half bore |
| 1 (object plane) | Sphere | -15.000 | 15.000 | 7.500 | |
| 2 | Sphere | -30.000 | -30.000 | Minute surface | 16.480 |
| 3 (diaphragms) | Plane | Infinitely great | 0.000 | 2.000 | |
| 4 (image planes) | Plane | Infinitely great | 2.000 |
In zemax software, system and wavelength arrange with the first embodiment, and visual field parameter is: (0,0), (0,5.30), (0,7.50). Taking the design angle of visual field of this parameter-definition as 60 degree, system overall length is 30 millimeters.
As shown in Figure 6, the RMS radius of three visual fields is respectively 0.185 milliradian, 0.175 milliradian to its point range figureWith 0.169 milliradian, far below human eye visual angle resolution ratio (0.291 milliradian), image quality is good.
As shown in Figure 7, the function curve of three visual fields is still more approaching for its modulation transfer function, on off-axis image vegetarian refreshments and axle, looks likeThe picture element of vegetarian refreshments is on close level. When abscissa be 30 lines right/when degree (be equivalent to 1.72 lines right/milliradian), all visual fieldsMinimum MTF be 0.57. As can be seen here, system has good picture element level.
The 4th embodiment:
The 4th embodiment, on the basis of the 3rd embodiment, makes r value increase to 75mm, increases distance of exit pupil, and sphere showsThe distance of screen and spherical reflector, to meet product needed, the size of keeping system overall length in 100 millimeters simultaneously.
Concrete optical system parameter is as follows: (unit: millimeter)
In zemax software, system and wavelength arrange with the 3rd embodiment, and visual field parameter is: (0,0), (0,13.75), (0,19.44). Taking the design angle of visual field of this parameter-definition as 30 degree, system overall length is 100 millimeters.
As shown in Figure 8, the RMS radius of three visual fields is respectively 0.001 milliradian, 0.087 milliradian to its point range figureWith 0.170 milliradian, far below human eye visual angle resolution ratio (0.291 milliradian), image quality is good.
Its modulation transfer function as shown in Figure 9, declines to some extent with the increase picture element level of visual field, when abscissa is 30 lines pairWhen/degree (be equivalent to 1.72 lines right/milliradian), the meridian MTF of maximum field of view is 0.32, and sagitta of arc MTF is 0.63,The mtf value of visual field, center and the second visual field is all more than 0.5. As can be seen here, system still has preferably picture element level.
Above four embodiment, system overall length is all in 100 millimeters, and spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2 are allCan be embodied as sheet type element, can insert some light path turning mirrors therebetween light path is folded, further reduction system volume.
The 5th embodiment:
On the basis of the first embodiment, technical scheme is done further to optimize below.
Accompanying drawing 10 is the curvature of field/distortion curve figure of the first embodiment in zemax, and the visible system curvature of field is zero, distorts to be5%. By the accurate layout to pixel on spherical surface display screen 1, can realize the system distorting with respect to image source zero.
Preferably, the image slices vegetarian refreshments on spherical surface display screen 1 is prepared by precise processing technology, technology employing OLED, LCD,One in LCos or DMD.
Preferably, evenly distributed on this sphere by the image slices vegetarian refreshments on spherical surface display screen 1, can realize each to evenlySphere visual pattern.
Or, as shown in accompanying drawing 11,12,13, the plane picture that the image source of spherical surface display screen 1 is uniform sampling,Image slices vegetarian refreshments barycenter on spherical surface display screen 1 is in the sampling with image source in this plane of the tomographic projection of reference planes 102Mode is evenly distributed, and (reference planes 102 are perpendicular to optical axis, at optical axis forward and apart from the spherical surface display screen centre of sphere 101 distances areThe plane of d, certain point is this point and the spherical surface display screen centre of sphere 101 line extended line and ginsengs at the tomographic projection of reference planes 102Examine the intersection point of plane 102). With the image slices vegetarian refreshments of this scheme layout, human eye is visually produced contrary with original distortionBarrel distortion, offsets the original distortion of optical system, and what finally human eye is presented is the plane visual image distorting with respect to image source zero.
On this basis, preferably, image slices vegetarian refreshments barycenter is evenly arranged in this plane at the tomographic projection of reference planes 102Row, can be embodied as various arrangement mode, to meet the needs in different images source. Congruent rectangular mesh as shown in Figure 6,Can be used for the plane image source of congruent rectangular mesh sampling; Equilateral triangle grid shown in accompanying drawing 7, can be used for equilateral triangleThe plane image source of shape Grid Sampling; Regular hexagonal cell shown in accompanying drawing 8, can be used for the plane that regular hexagonal cell is sampledImage source. (above-mentioned sampled point and subpoint are all positioned at the polygonal summit of grid place. ) according to geometrical relationship, on spherical surface display screenThe spherical coordinates of each pixel can easily be calculated.
On this basis, preferably, the image source of implementing spherical surface display screen 1 is the planar rectangular figure of congruent rectangular mesh samplingPicture, sample is in congruent rectangle summit place, and spherical surface display screen 1 epigraph pixel barycenter is in the radiation of reference planes 102The horizontal spacing of projection is 2d*tan α/(w-1), and longitudinal pitch is 2d*tan β/(h-1) (wherein: α, β are respectivelyFor horizontal angle of half field-of view and longitudinal angle of half field-of view of described Optical System Design visual field, w, h are respectively described image source resolution ratioWide and high). As shown in Figure 14, the horizontal length of side of congruent rectangle in reference planes 102 is 2d*tan α/(w-1),Longitudinally the length of side is that 2d*tan β/(h-1), image source resolution ratio is w*h, and d=150 millimeter, α are got in concrete enforcement(above value is only for ease of embodiment explanation, when actual enforcement for=12.7534 degree, β=12.7534 degree, w=4, h=4Can wide in rangely select), the congruent rectangle size in reference planes 102 is 22.634 millimeters * 22.634 millimeters, number is3*3, its apex coordinate be respectively (33.951 ,-33.951), (11.317 ,-33.951),(11.317,-33.951)、(33.951,-33.951)、(-33.951,-11.317)、(-11.317,-11.317)、(11.317,-11.317)、(33.951,-11.317)、(-33.951,11.317)、(-11.317,11.317)、(11.317,11.317)、(33.951,11.317)、(-33.951,33.951)、(-11.317,33.951)、(11.317,33.951)、(33.951,33.951)，Spherical surface display screen 1 radius r is 50 millimeters, according to geometrical relationship, can calculate spherical surface display screen 1 epigraph pixel PSpherical coordinates (taking the spherical surface display screen centre of sphere as initial point O) be respectively: (50.000,0.3098,3.9270),(50.000,0.2342,4.3906)、(50.000,0.2342,5.0341)、(50.000,0.3098,5.4978)、(50.000,0.2342,3.4633)、(50.000,0.1063,3.9270)、(50.000,0.1063,5.4978)、(50.000,0.2342,5.9614)、(50.000,0.2342,2.8198)、(50.000,0.1063,2.3562)、(50.000,0.1063,0.7854)、(50.000,0.2342,0.3218)、(50.000,0.3098,2.3562)、(50.000,0.2342,1.8925)、(50.000,0.2342,1.2490)、(50.000,0.3098,0.7854). Wherein, in the spherical coordinates (ρ, θ, φ) of some P, ρ is that a P is to initial point O'sDistance, θ is the angle of directed line segment OP and Z axis forward, φ is for forwarding to by counter clockwise direction from X-axis from positive Z axisThe angle (M is the projection of a P on XOY face) that OM turns over. Prepare spherical surface display screen with above-mentioned spherical coordinates, this system canRealizing horizontal and vertical angle of half field-of view is all that 12.7534 degree (diagonal field of view angle 35.5 is spent), image resolution ratio are 4*4,And the plane visual image distorting with respect to histogram image source zero.
Preferably, in plane visual image, visual angle visually of the first-class large pixel of plane size with apart from point of observationDistance is inversely proportional to, and therefore, by the size of the image slices vegetarian refreshments on accurate setting spherical surface display screen 1, makes itself and this pixelBarycenter is inversely proportional to apart from the distance of spherical surface display screen 1 centre of sphere at the tomographic projection of reference planes 102, can realize more real planeVisual pattern effect.
The 6th embodiment:
The 6th embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, inserts a light between spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2Road turning mirror is also transferred and implements optical system.
As shown in Figure 15, system on the basis of the first embodiment system, spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2 itBetween inserted plane half-reflecting half mirror 7, and former optical system is transferred, spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2The centre of sphere physically no longer overlap (in basic optical system of equal value all the time overlap). Plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 is a side whereinBe coated with the planar substrates of the film material of part reflection, part transmission, become miter angle to place with optical axis. Plane half-reflecting half mirror 7Add and make spherical surface display screen 1 not need to be embodied as transparent screen, meanwhile, because plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 is anti-to the part of lightPenetrate the transmission with part and reduced light intensity, the utilization rate of luminous energy decreases.
Except above-mentioned distinctive characteristics, the basic optical characteristic (visual field, picture element etc.) of this embodiment is consistent substantially with the first embodiment.
The 7th embodiment:
The 7th embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, inserts a light path and turns between spherical reflector 2 and emergent pupil face 3Folding mirror is also transferred and implements optical system.
As shown in Figure 16, system, on the basis of the first embodiment system, is inserted between spherical reflector 2 and emergent pupil face 3Enter plane half-reflecting half mirror 7, and former optical system has been transferred, the centre of sphere of spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2Physically still overlap. Plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 is coated with the plane-based of the film material of part reflection, part transmission for a side whereinSheet, becomes miter angle to place with optical axis. Adding of plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 makes spherical surface display screen 1 not need to be embodied as transparentScreen, meanwhile, because plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 has reduced light intensity, the profit of luminous energy to part reflection and the part transmission of lightDecrease by rate.
Except above-mentioned distinctive characteristics, the basic optical characteristic (visual field, picture element etc.) of this embodiment is consistent substantially with the first embodiment.
The 8th embodiment:
The 8th embodiment is on the basis of the first embodiment, between spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2, spheric reflectionBetween mirror 2 and emergent pupil face 3, a light path turning mirror of each insertion is transferred to optical system and implements.
As shown in Figure 17, system on the basis of the first embodiment system, spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2 itBetween inserted plane half-reflecting half mirror 7, between spherical reflector 2 and emergent pupil face 3, inserted plane half-reflecting half mirror 8, andFormer optical system is transferred, and the centre of sphere of spherical surface display screen 1 and spherical reflector 2 physically no longer overlaps (in equivalenceIn basic optical system, overlap all the time). Plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 and plane half-reflecting half mirror 8 are anti-for a side is wherein coated with partPenetrate, the planar substrates of the film material of part transmission, all become miter angle to place with optical axis. Adding of plane half-reflecting half mirror 7 makesSpherical surface display screen 1 does not need to be embodied as transparent screen, realized the adding of plane half-reflecting half mirror 8 can have an X-rayed front environment andOptical element layout does not hinder the system in the visual field, and (the 6th and the 7th embodiment also can have an X-rayed front environment, but the cloth of optical elementThere is certain obstruction in office to the visual field). Because repeatedly part reflection and the part transmission of plane half-reflecting half mirror to light reduced the strong of lightDegree, the utilization rate of luminous energy decreases.
Except above-mentioned distinctive characteristics, the basic optical characteristic (visual field, picture element etc.) of this embodiment is consistent substantially with the first embodiment.
This embodiment is suitable as perspective formula and wears the optical system of display device very much, and it has larger distance of exit pupil, evenCan on the basis of wearing spectacles, use; In addition, by r value being decreased to 40 millimeters, 35 millimeters even 30 millimeters, and/ or diagonal field of view angle is reduced to 30 degree, the further size of reduction system.
By above embodiment to the illustrating of technical scheme, show its can realize visual field large (30 degree left and right, diagonal angle or more than),Picture element good (no color differnece, imaging clearly, zero distortion), volume are little, and (without large and thick lens, all optical elements all can be realExecute the element for sheet type), lightweight (element is thin, and can be embodied as the light material such as optical resin, plastics), cost be lowThe desired combination of (all optical elements are all easy to processing, can further reduce costs in conjunction with techniques such as injection mouldings) these several demands,And be easy to realize the system that has environment perspective demand.
Details, parameter etc. in above embodiment is only exemplary setting, on the basis of guiding theory of the present invention, and this area skillArt personnel can wide in rangely select its embodiment, and protection domain of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim.
Claims (10)
1. the nearly eye of a light and small-sized big angular field display optical system, is characterized in that: described optical system is monocular orderOptometry system, comprises spherical surface display screen, spherical reflector and emergent pupil face; By thing side to human eye side, described ballFace display screen, spherical reflector, emergent pupil face are arranged in order along optical axis direction is coaxial; Described spherical surface display screen is protrudingSphere, its radius of curvature is r; Described spherical reflector is concave spherical surface, and its radius of curvature is 2r; At this lightIn the basic optical system of equal value of system, the centre of sphere of described spherical surface display screen and the centre of sphere of described spherical reflectorOverlap; Wherein, r satisfies condition: 15mm≤r≤75mm.
2. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inOptical system device is in helmet, and in the time wearing use, human eye pupil is at the base light of equal value of this optical systemIn system, be positioned at described coincidence centre of sphere place.
3. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inOptical system device is in helmet, and in the time wearing use, people's eyeball centre of sphere is on the equivalence basis of this optical systemIn optical system, overlap with the described centre of sphere that overlaps.
4. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inPixel on spherical surface display screen is prepared by precise processing technology, is OLED, LCD, LCos or DMD.
5. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inImage slices vegetarian refreshments on spherical surface display screen is evenly distributed on this sphere.
6. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inThe image source of spherical surface display screen is the plane picture of uniform sampling, the image slices vegetarian refreshments matter on described spherical surface display screenThe heart is evenly distributed at tomographic projection sample mode with described image source in this plane of reference planes, wherein:The plane that reference planes are is also d apart from described spherical surface display screen centre of sphere distance perpendicular to optical axis, at optical axis forward,Certain point is that this point and described spherical surface display screen centre of sphere line extended line are flat with reference at the tomographic projection of reference planesThe intersection point of face.
7. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 6 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inImage source is the planar rectangular image of congruent rectangular mesh sampling, and sample is in congruent rectangle summit place, described inImage slices vegetarian refreshments barycenter is 2d*tan α/(w-1) at the horizontal spacing of the tomographic projection of described reference planes,Longitudinal pitch is 2d*tan β/(h-1), wherein: α, β are respectively described Optical System Design visual fieldLaterally angle of half field-of view and longitudinally angle of half field-of view, w, h are respectively the wide and high of described image source resolution ratio.
8. according to the nearly eye of the light and small-sized big angular field described in claim 6 or 7 display optical system, it is characterized in that:The size of described image slices vegetarian refreshments and this pixel barycenter are at the described sphere of tomographic projection distance of described reference planesThe distance of the display screen centre of sphere is inversely proportional to.
9. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: described inSpherical surface display screen is transparent screen, the light that the light intensity that its convex surface one side is sent is sent in concave surface one side.
10. the nearly eye of light and small-sized big angular field according to claim 1 display optical system, is characterized in that: instituteState between spherical surface display screen and described spherical reflector, also insert between described spherical reflector and described emergent pupil faceSeveral light path turning mirrors carry out light path turnover to described optical system, wherein: light path turning mirror is plane reflectionMirror or plane half-reflecting half mirror.
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