CN105578006A - Imaging method, imaging device and electronic device - Google Patents
Imaging method, imaging device and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105578006A CN105578006A CN201510963879.4A CN201510963879A CN105578006A CN 105578006 A CN105578006 A CN 105578006A CN 201510963879 A CN201510963879 A CN 201510963879A CN 105578006 A CN105578006 A CN 105578006A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imaging method, including the following steps: an image sensor is provided which includes a photosensitive pixel array, a plurality of optical filters and a filtering control device, each optical filter includes a filtering unit array, each filtering unit includes a plurality of filtering pixels, the filtering control device is used for switching the optical filters above the photosensitive pixel array to enable the filtering pixels that cover the photosensitive pixels to switch between color filtering pixels and white filtering pixels, and the photosensitive pixels covered by each filtering unit form a merged pixel. Then, the filtering control device is controlled to switch the optical filters above the photosensitive pixel array according to ambient brightness to switch at least part of the filtering pixels to color filtering pixels, and outputs of photosensitive pixels of a same merged pixel are processed to obtain a pixel value of the merged pixel, thereby generating a merged image. By adoption of the imaging method, an appropriate number of white filtering pixels are switched according to the ambient brightness to obtain an image with a high signal to noise ratio. The invention also discloses an imaging device and electronic device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to imaging technique, particularly a kind of formation method, imaging device and electronic installation.
Background technology
The deficiencies such as noise is many, unintelligible may be there is in existing imaging device at the image of high ISO or low-light (level) environment generation.Adopt the imaging mode of multiframe synthesis to promote image quality, photo opporunity is long.Embed more white optical filtering pixel and can promote image quality, but can color distortion be caused.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least to solve one of technical problem existed in prior art.For this reason, the present invention needs to provide a kind of formation method, imaging device and electronic installation.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Imageing sensor is provided, described imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array, filter and optical filtering control device, described filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises multiple optical filtering pixel, described filter comprises multiple, described optical filtering control device switches to make the described optical filtering pixel of the described photosensitive pixel of covering for the described filter switched above described photosensitive pixel array between colorized optical filtering pixel and white optical filtering pixel, and the described photosensitive pixel that each described filter unit covers forms merging pixel;
The control device that environmentally filters described in brilliance control switches described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that at least part of described optical filtering pixel is switched to colorized optical filtering pixel; And
Read the output of described photosensitive pixel array, and the output processing the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel is to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel thus to generate and merge image.
Adopt this formation method can the environmentally ratio of white optical filtering pixel in brightness regulation filter unit, higher to obtain signal to noise ratio, brightness and definition under different illumination, the image that noise is less.Overcome some shortcoming of existing formation method.
The present invention also provides a kind of imaging device that can be used in the present invention the formation method of execution mode, and it comprises:
Imageing sensor, described imageing sensor comprises:
Photosensitive pixel array;
Filter; And
The optical filtering control device be connected with described filter;
Described filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises multiple optical filtering pixel, described filter comprises multiple, described optical filtering control device switches to make the described optical filtering pixel of the described photosensitive pixel of covering for the described filter switched above described photosensitive pixel array between colorized optical filtering pixel and white optical filtering pixel, and the described photosensitive pixel that each described filter unit covers forms merging pixel;
Described optical filtering control device is used for environmentally brilliance control and switches described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that at least part of described optical filtering pixel is switched to colorized optical filtering pixel;
Described imaging device also comprises image processing module, described image processing module is for reading the output of described photosensitive pixel array, and the output processing the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel is to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel thus to generate and merge image.
The present invention also provides a kind of electronic installation comprising the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become obvious from the following description, or be recognized by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of execution mode, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the formation method of embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 3 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 4 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 5 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 6 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 7 is the rate-determining steps schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 8 is the read step schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Fig. 9 is the read step schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Figure 10 is the read step schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention formation method.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is Bayer array schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of embodiment of the present invention imaging device.
Figure 16 is photosensitive pixel and the interlock circuit schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 19 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 21 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 22 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 23 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 24 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 25 is the filter unit array schematic diagram of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 26 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of embodiment of the present invention imaging device.
Figure 27 is the perspective view of the imageing sensor of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 28 is the structural representation of the imageing sensor of the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 29 is the superposition schematic diagram of the multilayer filter of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 30 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 31 is the high-level schematic functional block diagram of the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail the execution mode of embodiments of the present invention, the example of described execution mode is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Being exemplary below by the execution mode be described with reference to the drawings, only for explaining embodiments of the present invention, and the restriction to embodiments of the present invention can not being interpreted as.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings formation method, imaging device and electronic installation that the embodiment of the present invention proposes are described.
Refer to Fig. 1, the formation method of embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S1, imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array, filter and optical filtering control device, filter comprises filter unit array, filter unit comprises multiple optical filtering pixel, filter comprises multiple, optical filtering control device switches to make the optical filtering pixel of covering photosensitive pixel for the filter switched above photosensitive pixel array between colorized optical filtering pixel and white optical filtering pixel, and the photosensitive pixel that each filter unit covers forms merging pixel.
S2, the filter environmentally above brilliance control optical filtering control device switching photosensitive pixel array is to switch to colorized optical filtering pixel by the pixel that filters at least partly.
S3, reads the output of photosensitive pixel array, and the output processing the photosensitive pixel of same merging pixel is to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel thus to generate and merge image.
The colorized optical filtering district of the filter unit in the formation method of embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining the color information merging pixel, and white optical filtering pixel is used for the monochrome information of acquisition merging pixel under low-light (level) and this monochrome information noise is less.So, the pixel value of composograph had not only comprised color information but also had comprised the monochrome information of low perceived noisiness, and the color of composograph is complete, and brightness and definition are all better, and noise is few.White optical filtering pixel and colorized optical filtering pixel can environmentally need and mutually switch, as low light shines lower switching to produce more white optical filtering pixel to promote image quality.
In some embodiments, filter unit array comprises Bayer (Bayer) array.Adopt Bayer array can obtain the complete image true to nature of color.
In some embodiments, each filter unit covers 2*2 photosensitive pixel.
Refer to Fig. 2, in the formation method of present embodiment, step S2 comprises further:
S201, sensitive context brightness.
S203, judges whether ambient brightness is less than the first predetermined threshold.
S205, when ambient brightness is less than the first predetermined threshold, the filter above control optical filtering control device switching photosensitive pixel array is to switch to white optical filtering pixel by three of same filter unit or two optical filtering pixels.
In the present embodiment, can using the output of photosensitive pixel as the index judging ambient brightness, concrete, the mean value that can export in the hope of all or part photosensitive pixel, then this mean value correspondence is switched to illumination.Can setting threshold to perform corresponding control.First predetermined threshold is set, as 20Lux, controls so that three of each filter unit or two are switched to white optical filtering pixel when illumination is less than this value.
Refer to Fig. 3, in the formation method of present embodiment, step S2 comprises further:
S207, judges whether ambient brightness is greater than the first predetermined threshold and is less than the second predetermined threshold.
S209, when ambient brightness is greater than the first predetermined threshold and is less than the second predetermined threshold, the filter above control optical filtering control device switching photosensitive pixel array is to switch to white optical filtering pixel by all optical filtering pixels of the first green filter unit and the second filter unit.
Refer to Fig. 4, in the formation method of present embodiment, filter unit comprises the first green filter unit and the second green filter unit, and step S2 comprises further:
S211, judges whether ambient brightness is greater than the second predetermined threshold and is less than the 3rd predetermined threshold.
S213, wherein two or three optical filtering pixels of first green filter unit and the second green filter unit so that all optical filtering pixels of the first green filter unit are switched to white optical filtering pixel, or are switched to white optical filtering pixel by the filter when ambient brightness is greater than the second predetermined threshold and is less than the 3rd predetermined threshold above control optical filtering control device switching photosensitive pixel array.
In the present embodiment, can arrange the 3rd predetermined threshold is 100Lux.Therefore ambient brightness at 50 ~ 100Lux time, the part optical filtering pixel of replacing green filter unit is white optical filtering pixel.
Refer to Fig. 5, in the formation method of present embodiment, step S2 comprises further:
S215, judges whether ambient brightness is greater than the 3rd predetermined threshold and is less than the 4th predetermined threshold.
S217, controls optical filtering control device and switches filter above photosensitive pixel array so that one of them optical filtering pixel of the first green filter unit and/or the second green filter unit is switched to white optical filtering pixel when ambient brightness is greater than the 3rd predetermined threshold and is less than the 4th predetermined threshold.
4th predetermined threshold can be 200Lux.
Refer to Fig. 6, in the formation method of present embodiment, step S2 comprises further:
S219, judges whether ambient brightness is greater than the 4th predetermined threshold.
S221, the filter when ambient brightness is greater than the 4th predetermined threshold above control optical filtering control device switching photosensitive pixel array is to switch to colorized optical filtering pixel by all optical filtering pixels.Refer to Fig. 7, in the formation method of another execution mode, step S2 comprises further:
S223, judges whether ambient brightness is greater than the first predetermined threshold and is less than the 5th predetermined threshold.
S225, controls optical filtering control device and switches filter above photosensitive pixel array so that same filter unit optical filtering pixel is switched to white optical filtering pixel when ambient brightness is greater than the first predetermined threshold and is less than the 5th predetermined threshold.In the formation method of this another execution mode, not only switch at green filter unit, but switch in all photosensitive units simultaneously.Such as the 5th predetermined threshold can be 100Lux, therefore when ambient brightness is in 20 ~ 100Lux, one of them optical filtering pixel in filter unit is switched to white optical filtering pixel to promote image brightness and to reduce noise.Refer to Fig. 8, in the formation method of some execution mode, step S3 comprises further:
S301, calculate the output of the photosensitive pixel of same merging pixel mean value or with to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the output of original each photosensitive pixel is S, noise is that N merging pixel comprises a photosensitive pixel, then the pixel value merging pixel is n*m*S, and the noise merging pixel is
when n=2, m=2, the noise of resulting pixel is about N/2.Therefore the brightness merging image gets a promotion under low-light (level) environment, and signal to noise ratio improves.
Refer to Fig. 9, in the formation method of present embodiment, step S3 comprises further:
S303, is combined image and carries out color rendition process.
Owing to mixing white optical filtering pixel in filter unit, cause the color of the merging image generated to produce certain distortion, color rendition process can be done to it, to recover its realistic colour as far as possible.
Refer to Figure 10, in some embodiments, merge pixel and comprise color pixel values and white pixel value.Step S3 comprises further:
S305, calculate the output of the photosensitive pixel that colorized optical filtering pixel covers mean value or with and as color pixel values.
S307, the luminance component replacing color pixel values is as the pixel value merging pixel after the luminance component of white pixel value.
Like this, after obtaining color pixel values, yuv format can be converted into, its luminance component can be obtained, the luminance component of the color pixel values of YUV coloured image is replaced with the luminance component of white pixel value, complete to generate color information, simultaneously brightness and the higher image of signal to noise ratio.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention can be realized by the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention.
Refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12, the imaging device 100 of embodiment of the present invention comprises imageing sensor 10 and image processing module 50.Imageing sensor 10 comprises photosensitive pixel array 11, filter 13 and optical filtering control device 15.Filter 13 comprises filter unit array 131, each filter unit 1311 comprises multiple optical filtering pixel 1312, each optical filtering pixel 1312 covers a photosensitive pixel 111, optical filtering pixel 1312 comprises colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 and white optical filtering pixel 1313, optical filtering control device 15 switches to make the optical filtering pixel 1312 of covering photosensitive pixel 111 for controlling the filter 13 switched above photosensitive pixel array 11 between colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 and white optical filtering pixel 1313, and the photosensitive pixel 111 that each filter unit 1311 covers forms merging pixel.Extraneous light is irradiated to the photosensitive part 1111 of photosensitive pixel 111 to produce the signal of telecommunication by filter 13, i.e. the output of photosensitive pixel 111.
Optical filtering control device 15 switches filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 so that the pixel 1312 that filters at least partly is switched to colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 for environmentally brilliance control.Imaging device 100 also comprises image processing module 50, and image processing module 50 is for reading the output of photosensitive pixel array 11, and the output processing the photosensitive pixel 111 of same merging pixel is to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel thus to generate and merge image.
Can arrange optical sensor with sensitive context brightness in imaging device, optical sensor comprises photoelectric conversion module, intensity of illumination can be converted to the signal of telecommunication, thus measurement environment brightness.Or using the output of photosensitive pixel as the index judging ambient brightness, concrete, the mean value that all or part photosensitive pixel exports can be calculated, as the data weighing ambient brightness.Ambient brightness is divided into different scopes, correspond to the control operation that optical filtering control device 15 is different.
Optical filtering control device 15 switches the operation of filter under varying environment brightness, automatically can be controlled, also can arrange by Artificial Control by optical sensor or image processing module 50 according to the ambient brightness sensed.
Optical filtering control device 15 can comprise optical-filter switcher and control circuit.Be equipped with multiple filter 13 in optical-filter switcher, control circuit switches filter 13 for controlling optical-filter switcher.
The colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 of the filter unit 1311 in the imaging device of embodiment of the present invention is for obtaining the color information merging pixel, and white optical filtering pixel 1313 merges the monochrome information of pixel for acquisition under low-light (level) and this monochrome information noise is less.So, the pixel value of composograph had not only comprised color information but also had comprised the monochrome information of low perceived noisiness, and the color of composograph is complete, and brightness and definition are all better, and noise is few.White optical filtering pixel 1313 and colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 can environmentally need and mutually switch, as low light shines lower switching to produce more white optical filtering pixel to promote image quality.
Refer to Figure 13, in the present embodiment, filter unit array comprises Bayer array (Bayerpattern).
Because human eye is the most responsive to green glow, the scenery that therefore eyes are seen at ordinary times is the equal of the result that green scenery has been reinforced.Imaging device excessively must respond to green glow, and the image obtained just can make human eye just feel normal.Therefore Bayer array or other common filter unit arrays generally can arrange more green filter unit, at the number of Bayer array Green (G), red (R), blue (B) filter unit than being 2:1:1, namely every two green filter unit, a redness and blue filter unit form filtering structure 1317 and for the formation of the complete image pixel of color.Therefore, Bayer array is adopted can to obtain the complete image true to nature of color.
And adopt Bayer structure can adopt conventional needle to the algorithm of Bayer structure to process picture signal, thus do not need hardware configuration does large adjustment.
See also Figure 14 and Figure 27, in the present embodiment, each filter unit 1311 covers 2*2 photosensitive pixel.Green, red, blue, green filter unit respectively.
In traditional filter unit array structure, the corresponding photosensitive pixel of each filter unit and image pixel.Refer to Figure 16, in the present embodiment, filter unit array 131 adopts Bayer structure, comprise filtering structure 1317, each filtering structure 1317 comprises green, redness, blueness, green filter unit 1311, and with the filter unit array of traditional Bayer structure unlike, the corresponding multiple photosensitive pixel 111 of each filter unit 1311.
Except 2*2 structure, also has 3*3,4*4, or even any structure (n such as n*m, m is natural number), be appreciated that, on photosensitive pixel array 11, the number of sequencable photosensitive pixel 111 is limited, the words that the photosensitive pixel 111 that each merging pixel comprises is too much, the resolution sizes of image can be restricted, e.g., if the pixel value of photosensitive pixel array 11 is 16M, adopt the merging dot structure of 2*2 can obtain the merging image that resolution is 4M, and adopt 4*4 structure just can only obtain merging image that resolution is 1M.Therefore the merging dot structure of 2*2 is a preferred arrangement mode, under sacrificing the prerequisite of resolution less, promote image brightness and definition as far as possible.Meanwhile, adopt 2*2 structure to facilitate hardware realizes reading and merging treatment that photosensitive pixel is exported.Refer to Figure 15, in some embodiments, imageing sensor also comprises control module 17, and control module 17 exposes line by line for controlling photosensitive pixel array 11.
Control module 17 is connected with row and selects logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173, to control to process the output of photosensitive pixel 111 line by line.To expose line by line and the mode exported more easily realizes on hardware.
See also Figure 15, in the present embodiment, imageing sensor 10 also can comprise register 19, control module 17 for the photosensitive pixel 111 of the row k that gathers current exposure successively and complete and kth+1 row output and stored in register 19, wherein k=2n-1, n is natural number, and k+1 is less than or equal to total line number of photosensitive pixel array 11.
Concrete, refer to Figure 16 and Figure 15, imageing sensor 10 comprises the control module 17 selecting logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173 to be connected with row.Row selects logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173 switching tube 1115 corresponding with each photosensitive pixel 111 to connect, control module 17 for control lines selection logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173 with the switching tube 1115 of the photosensitive pixel 111 of gating ad-hoc location.
Refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18, in some embodiments, optical filtering control device 15 is for sensing and judge ambient brightness, and with general, wherein three or two optical filtering pixels 1312 switch to white optical filtering pixel 1313 for switching filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 when ambient brightness is less than the first predetermined threshold.
For the ambient brightness recorded, can setting threshold to perform corresponding control.First predetermined threshold is set, as 20Lux, controls so that three of each filter unit or two are switched to white optical filtering pixel when illumination is less than this value.
Due to the ambient brightness value that the first predetermined threshold is very low, more white optical filtering pixel need be switched out, to make more light enter, thus generate brightness value and the higher image of signal to noise ratio.But in order to retain the information of each certain color, whole pixel can not be replaced with white optical filtering pixel, thus the filter unit of often kind of color only switches a part of optical filtering pixel.
Further, refer to Figure 19, in the present embodiment, filter unit 1311 comprises the first green filter unit 1314 and the second green filter unit 1316.Optical filtering control device 15 also to switch filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 so that all optical filtering pixels of the first green filter unit 1314 and the second green filter unit 1316 are switched to white optical filtering pixel 1313 for being greater than at ambient brightness when the first predetermined threshold is less than the second predetermined threshold.
Arrange the second predetermined threshold, such as 50Lux, then in the present embodiment, the optical filtering pixel of green filter unit, when 20 ~ 50Lux, is all switched to white by ambient brightness.Because human eye is the most responsive to green glow, imaging device inherently overexposure must look normal image to produce human eye.Compared to red or blue filter unit, the color distortion sense that the overexposure of green filter unit makes human eye produce is less intense.Therefore in embodiments of the present invention, the optical filtering pixel of green filter unit is switched to white by more employing, to make its light-inletting quantity increase, is reduced to picture noise.
Refer to Figure 20 and Figure 21, in the present embodiment, filter 13 when optical filtering control device 15 is also for being greater than the second predetermined threshold at ambient brightness and being less than the 3rd predetermined threshold above switching photosensitive pixel array 11 is to switch to white optical filtering pixel 1313 by all optical filtering pixels of the first green filter unit 1314, or the filter 13 switched above photosensitive pixel array 11 is to switch to white optical filtering pixel 1315 by two or three optical filtering pixels of the first green filter unit 1314 and the second green filter unit 1316.
In the present embodiment, can arrange the 3rd predetermined threshold is 100Lux.Therefore ambient brightness at 50 ~ 100Lux time, the part optical filtering pixel of replacing green filter unit is white optical filtering pixel.
Refer to Figure 22 and Figure 23, in the present embodiment, filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 is switched optical filtering control module 15 is also less than the 4th predetermined threshold during for being greater than the 3rd predetermined threshold at ambient brightness so that one of them optical filtering pixel of the first green filter unit 1314 and/or the second green filter unit 1316 is switched to white optical filtering pixel 1313.
In the present embodiment, can arrange the 4th predetermined threshold is 200Lux.Therefore ambient brightness at 100 ~ 200Lux time, each green filter unit switches out a white optical filtering pixel 1313, or in the first green filter unit 1314 and the second green filter unit 1316, one of them switches out a white optical filtering pixel 1313.The image obtained like this, remains more complete color information.
Refer to Figure 24, in other embodiments, optical filtering control module 15 also to switch filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 so that an optical filtering pixel of all filter units 1311 is switched to white optical filtering pixel 1313 for being greater than at ambient brightness when the first predetermined threshold is less than the 5th predetermined threshold.
In these other execution modes, not only switch at green filter unit, but switch in all photosensitive units simultaneously.Such as the 5th predetermined threshold can be 100Lux, therefore when ambient brightness is in 20 ~ 100Lux, one of them optical filtering pixel in filter unit is switched to white optical filtering pixel to promote image brightness and to reduce noise.
Further, referring to Figure 25, in these other execution modes, switching filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 image processing module is also for being greater than the 5th predetermined threshold during at ambient brightness so that all optical filtering pixels are switched to colorized optical filtering pixel 1315.
Like this owing to not having white optical filtering pixel, the merging image of generation can not colored loss.
In some embodiments, image processing module for calculate the output of the photosensitive pixel of same merging pixel mean value or with to obtain merging the pixel value of pixel.
The formation method of embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the output of original each photosensitive pixel is S, noise is that N merging pixel comprises a photosensitive pixel, then the pixel value merging pixel is n*m*S, and the noise merging pixel is
when n=2, m=2, the noise of resulting pixel is about N/2.Therefore the brightness merging image gets a promotion under low-light (level) environment, and signal to noise ratio improves.
In the present embodiment, image processing module is used for being combined image and carries out color rendition process.
Owing to mixing white optical filtering pixel in filter unit, cause the color of the merging image generated to produce certain distortion, color rendition process can be done to it, to recover its realistic colour as far as possible.The number of the white optical filtering pixel that can switch according to filter unit, arranges corresponding software algorithm to reduce color.
Except the photosensitive pixel merging pixel being exported summation or averages, in other execution modes, merge pixel and comprise color pixel values and white pixel value, image processing module for calculate colorized optical filtering pixel cover photosensitive pixel output mean value or and and as color pixel values, and the luminance component for replacing color pixel values be after the luminance component of white pixel value as merging pixel pixel value.
Like this, after obtaining color pixel values, can yuv format be converted into and obtain its luminance component, the luminance component of color pixel values being replaced with the luminance component of white pixel value, complete to generate color information, simultaneously brightness and the higher merging image of signal to noise ratio.Compared to calculate the photosensitive pixel merging pixel output and or the execution mode of mean value, the merging image color loss that these other execution modes obtain is less, does not generally need color rendition process.YUV is that yuv format comprises many concrete forms, as YUV422, YUV420 etc. according to the principle of brightness and aberration to describe the picture format of color.In some embodiments, the colored pixel that merges comprises green, redness, blue combined pixels, the colour that image processing module first obtains rgb format according to the pixel value of colour merging pixel merges image, namely the red luma value of each image pixel, Green brightness value, blue intensity values is obtained, use R respectively, G, B represent, then the brightness value Y=0.299*R+0.587*G+0.114*B of its corresponding yuv format image pixel in some embodiments.
Refer to Figure 26 and Figure 16, in some embodiments, imageing sensor 10 comprises analog to digital converter 21 array, and each photosensitive pixel 111 is connected with an analog to digital converter 211 respectively.Analog to digital converter 211 exports for the analog signal output of photosensitive pixel 111 being converted to digital signal.
See also Figure 16, the photosensitive pixel 111 in present embodiment comprises photodiode 1113.Photodiode 1113 is for being converted into electric charge by illumination, and the electric charge produced and the proportional relation of intensity of illumination.Switching tube 1115 is for selecting the control signal of logical block 171 and column selection logical block 173 to come conducting and the disconnection of control circuit according to row, when circuit turn-on, source follower 1117 (sourcefollower) is converted into voltage signal for the charge signal produced through illumination by photodiode 1113.Analog to digital converter 211 (Analog-to-digitalconverter) for voltage signal is switched to digital signal, to transfer to subsequent conditioning circuit process.
This output processing mode makes the output of photosensitive pixel be converted into digital signal, processes in following digital circuit or in the chips with software.Therefore the output information of each photosensitive pixel can be retained, such as, for the imageing sensor of 16M pixel, the formation method of embodiment of the present invention can retain the information of 16M pixel (before namely merging image), obtains the merging image of 4M pixel or the image of other resolution on this basis through process.Final synthetic image occurs that the probability of bad point is lower.In addition, the noise of this output processing mode is less, and signal to noise ratio is higher.
Refer to Figure 27 and Figure 28, in some embodiments, imageing sensor 10 comprises the micro mirror array 23 be arranged on filter 13, and each micro mirror 231 is corresponding with a photosensitive pixel 111.
Concrete, each micro mirror 231 is corresponding with a photosensitive pixel 111, comprises size, position is corresponding.In some embodiments, the corresponding 2*2 of each filter unit 1311 photosensitive pixel 111 and 2*2 micro mirror 191.Along with technical development, in order to obtain the higher image of resolution, photosensitive pixel 111 on sensitive film gets more and more, arrange more and more intensive, single photosensitive pixel 111 is also more and more less, and its light is affected, and photosensitive part 1111 area of photosensitive pixel 111 is limited, light can be gathered photosensitive part 1111 by micro mirror 191, thus the light reception intensity of promotion feeling light pixel 111 is to improve image quality.
Optical filtering control device 15 switches filter 13 and mainly contains following two kinds in the mode switching white optical filtering pixel 1313 and colorized optical filtering pixel 1315.
Refer to Figure 29, in some embodiments, optical filtering control device 15 for by increasing filter 13 above photosensitive pixel array 11 so that colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 is switched to white optical filtering pixel 1313, and switches to colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 by the filter 13 reducing covering photosensitive pixel array 11 with the pixel 1313 that white filtered.
Concrete, multiple filter 13 overlap is placed, and leans on the first green filter unit 1314 and the equal four white optical filtering pixels 1313 of the second green filter unit 1316 of the ground floor at the end most.The second layer, third layer, the 4th layer etc. comprise the green filter pixel being positioned at green filter unit diverse location respectively, other positions are transparent filter pixel (namely to the pixel that the light of any color does not stop).
Be appreciated that by successively increasing filter 13, green filter pixel can be made to increase, and white optical filtering pixel 1313 reduces; Successively reduce filter, green filter pixel reduces, and white optical filtering pixel increases.Such as, the basis of ground floor filter 13 increases second layer filter 13 and third layer filter 13, the filter unit array 131 in the execution mode of accompanying drawing 21 correspondence can be obtained.Then, the setting of filter 13 is not limited thereto, and also can arrange the filter 13 of other kinds, as each red filter unit comprises the filter 13 of two red filter pixels and two transparent pixels, combines to realize more filters 13.
In other execution modes, optical filtering control device 15 for switching to make optical filtering pixel by the filter 13 replaced above photosensitive pixel array 11 between colorized optical filtering pixel 1315 and white optical filtering pixel 1313.
Concrete, filter 13 comprises multiple, but not overlapping placement.Each filter 13 comprises the filter unit 1311 of various color, can independently realize filtering and generate the more complete image of color.Such as, first to fourth multilayer filter 13 comprises the filter unit array 131 as shown in Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 22, Figure 25 respectively.By switching to the 4th layer successively from ground floor, successively decreasing of light-inletting quantity can be realized, respectively corresponding ambient brightness different situations from low to high.
To sum up, imaging device in embodiment of the present invention white optical filtering pixel that environmentally brightness switches out respective number can make the pixel value of merging pixel not only comprise color information but also comprises the monochrome information of low perceived noisiness, generates the complete and merging image that signal to noise ratio is high of color to facilitate subsequent conditioning circuit.
The present invention also provides a kind of electronic installation applying imaging device.In some embodiments, electronic installation comprises imaging device.Therefore, electronic installation has camera function and to generate color under low-light (level) complete, and signal to noise ratio is high, the merging image that definition is high.
Electronic installation can be mobile phone.
In some embodiments, imaging device can be the Front camera of mobile phone.Because Front camera is used for autodyning, and the definition of General Requirements to image of autodyning has requirement and not high to image resolution requirement, adopts the electronic installation of present embodiment can meet this requirement.
Refer to Figure 30, in some embodiments, electronic installation 200 comprises the central processing unit 81 and external memory 83 that are connected with imaging device 100, and central processing unit 81 stores merging image for controlling external memory 83.
Like this, the merging image of generation can be stored, and checks, uses or shifts after convenient.External memory 83 comprises SM (SmartMedia) card and CF (CompactFlash) card etc.
Refer to Figure 31, in some embodiments, electronic installation 200 also comprises the central processing unit 81 and display unit 85 that are connected with imaging device 100, and central processing unit 81 shows merging image for controlling display unit 85.Like this, the image that electronic installation 200 is taken can be shown in display unit and check for user.Display unit comprises light-emitting diode display etc.
To sum up, adopt the electronic installation of embodiment of the present invention, have camera function and to generate color under low-light (level) complete, signal to noise ratio is high, the merging image that definition is high.Especially, when this electronic installation is the Front camera of mobile phone, the brightness of image of autodyning under promoting low-light (level) and definition, reduce noise.
The part do not launched in formation method and electronic installation in embodiment of the present invention, can consult the imageing sensor of above execution mode and the corresponding part of imaging device, launch no longer in detail at this.
The part do not launched in formation method and electronic installation in embodiment of the present invention, can consult the imageing sensor of above execution mode and the corresponding part of imaging device, launch no longer in detail at this.
In the description of this specification, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " execution mode ", " some execution modes ", " exemplary embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to describe in conjunction with execution mode or example are contained at least one execution mode of the present invention or example.In this manual, identical execution mode or example are not necessarily referred to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more execution mode or example.
Describe and can be understood in flow chart or in this any process otherwise described or method, represent and comprise one or more for realizing the module of the code of the executable instruction of the step of specific logical function or process, fragment or part, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can not according to order that is shown or that discuss, comprise according to involved function by the mode while of basic or by contrary order, carry out n-back test, this should understand by embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
In flow charts represent or in this logic otherwise described and/or step, such as, the sequencing list of the executable instruction for realizing logic function can be considered to, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, for instruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise the system of processor or other can from instruction execution system, device or equipment instruction fetch and perform the system of instruction) use, or to use in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.With regard to this specification, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can to comprise, store, communicate, propagate or transmission procedure for instruction execution system, device or equipment or the device that uses in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: the electrical connection section (electronic installation) with one or more wiring, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasablely edit read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber device, and portable optic disk read-only memory (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can be even paper or other suitable media that can print described program thereon, because can such as by carrying out optical scanner to paper or other media, then carry out editing, decipher or carry out process with other suitable methods if desired and electronically obtain described program, be then stored in computer storage.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination.In the above-described embodiment, multiple step or method can with to store in memory and the software performed by suitable instruction execution system or firmware realize.Such as, if realized with hardware, the same in another embodiment, can realize by any one in following technology well known in the art or their combination: the discrete logic with the logic gates for realizing logic function to data-signal, there is the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realizing all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries is that the hardware that can carry out instruction relevant by program completes, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program perform time, step comprising embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, also can be that the independent physics of unit exists, also can be integrated in a module by two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and the form of software function module also can be adopted to realize.If described integrated module using the form of software function module realize and as independently production marketing or use time, also can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.
The above-mentioned storage medium mentioned can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention, revises, replace and modification.
Claims (35)
1. a formation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Imageing sensor is provided, described imageing sensor comprises photosensitive pixel array, filter and optical filtering control device, described filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises multiple optical filtering pixel, described filter comprises multiple, described optical filtering control device switches to make the described optical filtering pixel of the described photosensitive pixel of covering for the described filter switched above described photosensitive pixel array between colorized optical filtering pixel and white optical filtering pixel, and the described photosensitive pixel that each described filter unit covers forms merging pixel;
The control device that environmentally filters described in brilliance control switches described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that at least part of described optical filtering pixel is switched to colorized optical filtering pixel; And
Read the output of described photosensitive pixel array, and the output processing the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel is to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel thus to generate and merge image.
2. formation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described filter unit array comprises Bayer (Bayer) array.
3. formation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, each described filter unit covers 2*2 described photosensitive pixel.
4. formation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps by increasing described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that described colorized optical filtering pixel is switched to described white optical filtering pixel, and by the described filter that reduces the described photosensitive pixel array of covering so that described white optical filtering pixel is switched to described colorized optical filtering pixel.
5. formation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps is switched to make described optical filtering pixel by the described filter replaced above described photosensitive pixel array between described colorized optical filtering pixel and described white optical filtering pixel.
6. formation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Sensitive context brightness;
Judge whether described ambient brightness is less than the first predetermined threshold; And
When described ambient brightness is less than described first predetermined threshold, controls described optical filtering control device and switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that three of same described filter unit or two described optical filtering pixels are switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
7. formation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described filter unit comprises the first green filter unit and the second green filter unit, and described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Judge whether described ambient brightness is greater than described first predetermined threshold and is less than the second predetermined threshold; And
When described ambient brightness is greater than described first predetermined threshold and is less than described second predetermined threshold, control described optical filtering control device and switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixel of described first green filter unit and described second filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
8. formation method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Judge whether described ambient brightness is greater than described second predetermined threshold and is less than the 3rd predetermined threshold; And
Control described optical filtering control device when described ambient brightness is greater than described second predetermined threshold and is less than described 3rd predetermined threshold and switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixel of described first green filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel, or the pixel that wherein filters described in two or three of described first green filter unit and described second green filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
9. formation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Judge whether described ambient brightness is greater than described 3rd predetermined threshold and is less than the 4th predetermined threshold; And
Control when described ambient brightness is greater than described 3rd predetermined threshold and is less than the 4th predetermined threshold described optical filtering control device switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array with by described first green filter unit and/or described second green filter unit one of them described in the pixel that filters switch to described white optical filtering pixel.
10. formation method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Judge whether described ambient brightness is greater than described 4th predetermined threshold; And
Control described optical filtering control device when described ambient brightness is greater than described 4th predetermined threshold and switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixels are switched to described colorized optical filtering pixel.
11. formation methods as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described rate-determining steps comprises further:
Judge whether described ambient brightness is greater than described first predetermined threshold and is less than the 5th predetermined threshold; And
Control optical filtering control device when described ambient brightness is greater than described first predetermined threshold and is less than described 5th predetermined threshold and switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that one of same described filter unit described optical filtering pixel is switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
12. formation methods as described in claim 4-11 any one, it is characterized in that, described read step comprises further:
Calculate the output of the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel mean value or with the pixel value obtaining described merging pixel.
13. formation methods as claimed in claim 12, described read step comprises further:
Color rendition process is carried out to described merging image.
14. formation methods as described in claim 4-11 any one, it is characterized in that, described merging pixel comprises color pixel values and white pixel value; Described read step comprises:
Calculate described colorized optical filtering pixel cover described photosensitive pixel output mean value or and and as described color pixel values; And
The luminance component replacing described color pixel values is the pixel value as described merging pixel after the luminance component of described white pixel value.
15. 1 kinds of imaging devices, is characterized in that, comprising:
Imageing sensor, described imageing sensor comprises:
Photosensitive pixel array;
Filter; And
The optical filtering control device be connected with described filter;
Described filter comprises filter unit array, described filter unit comprises multiple optical filtering pixel, described filter comprises multiple, described optical filtering control device switches to make the described optical filtering pixel of the described photosensitive pixel of covering for the described filter switched above described photosensitive pixel array between colorized optical filtering pixel and white optical filtering pixel, and the described photosensitive pixel that each described filter unit covers forms merging pixel;
Described optical filtering control device is used for environmentally brilliance control and switches described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that at least part of described optical filtering pixel is switched to colorized optical filtering pixel;
Described imaging device also comprises image processing module, described image processing module is for reading the output of described photosensitive pixel array, and the output processing the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel is to obtain the pixel value of described merging pixel thus to generate and merge image.
16. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described filter unit array comprises Bayer array.
17. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, each described filter unit covers 2*2 described photosensitive pixel.
18. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described optical filtering control device is used for by increasing described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that described colorized optical filtering pixel is switched to described white optical filtering pixel, and by the described filter that reduces the described photosensitive pixel array of covering so that described white optical filtering pixel is switched to described colorized optical filtering pixel.
19. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described optical filtering control device is used for being switched between described colorized optical filtering pixel and described white optical filtering pixel to make described optical filtering pixel by the described filter replaced above described photosensitive pixel array.
20. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described image processing module optical filtering control device is used for switching when described ambient brightness is less than the first predetermined threshold described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that three or two described optical filtering pixels in same described filter unit are switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
21. imaging devices as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that, described filter unit comprises the first green filter unit and the second green filter unit;
Described optical filtering control device also to switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixel of described first green filter unit and described second green filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel for being greater than at described ambient brightness when the first predetermined threshold is less than the second predetermined threshold.
22. imaging devices as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array when described optical filtering control device is also for being greater than described second predetermined threshold at described ambient brightness and being less than described 3rd predetermined threshold so that all described optical filtering pixel of described first green filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel, or for by described first green filter unit and described second green filter unit two or three described in the pixel that filters switch to described white optical filtering pixel.
23. imaging devices as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that, switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array when described optical filtering control device is also less than described 4th predetermined threshold for being greater than described 3rd predetermined threshold at described ambient brightness so that a described optical filtering pixel of described first green filter unit and/or described second green filter unit is switched to described white optical filtering pixel.
24. imaging devices as claimed in claim 23, it is characterized in that, described optical filtering control device is also for switching described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixels are switched to described colorized optical filtering pixel when described ambient brightness is greater than described 4th predetermined threshold.
25. imaging devices as claimed in claim 20, it is characterized in that, described optical filtering control device also to switch described filter above described photosensitive pixel array so that all described optical filtering pixels are switched to described colorized optical filtering pixel for being greater than at described ambient brightness when described first predetermined threshold is less than the 5th predetermined threshold.
26. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described image processing module for calculate the output of the described photosensitive pixel of same described merging pixel mean value or with the pixel value obtaining described merging pixel.
27. imaging devices as claimed in claim 26, is characterized in that, described image processing module is used for carrying out color rendition process to described merging image.
28. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described merging pixel comprises color pixel values and white pixel value;
Described image processing module is for the mean value of the output of described photosensitive pixel that calculates described colorized optical filtering pixel and cover or and and as described color pixel values, and the luminance component for replacing described color pixel values is the pixel value as described merging pixel after the luminance component of described white pixel value.
29. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises analog to digital converter, and each described photosensitive pixel is connected with a described analog to digital converter respectively.
30. imaging devices as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described imageing sensor comprises the micro mirror array be arranged on described filter, and each described micro mirror is corresponding with a described photosensitive pixel.
31. 1 kinds of electronic installations, is characterized in that, comprise the imaging device as described in claim 15 ~ 30.
32. electronic installations as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that, described electronic installation comprises mobile phone.
33. electronic installations as claimed in claim 32, it is characterized in that, described imaging device comprises the Front camera of described mobile phone.
34. electronic installations as claimed in claim 31, is characterized in that, described electronic installation comprises the central processing unit and external memory that are connected with described imaging device, and described central processing unit stores described merging image for controlling described external memory.
35. electronic installations as claimed in claim 31, is characterized in that, described electronic installation also comprises the central processing unit and display unit that are connected with described imaging device, and described central processing unit shows described merging image for controlling described display unit.
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